儿童误服中毒的回顾性分析

目的：分析儿童误服的常见原因、种类、症状,探讨如何降低儿童意外误服的发生,为儿童营造一个健康安全的环境。方法对郑州市儿童医院2012年6月~2013年12月收治的181例儿童误服中毒病例进行回顾性分析。结果儿童误服,内服药物占69.6%,93.4%发生在户内,男孩居多,预防其发生需要家庭、社会的共同努力。结论误服是儿童意外中毒的首要原因,需要家庭社会的共同努力预防悲剧的发生。     

儿童药物中毒的回顾性分析

目的:分析儿童药物中毒的常见原因、症状、治疗及防范措施.方法:对我院2000年1月～2007年9月接诊的118例小儿药物中毒病例进行回顾性分析.结果:儿童药物中毒的常见原因为:(1)儿童误服中毒54例(45.8%);(2)家长无知给予服用45例(21.2%);(3)医源性中毒20例(17.0%).结论:儿童药物中毒的危险因素以儿童误服、家长喂服和医源性为主,应加强对患 儿家长健康教育,普及安全用药常识,加强对家庭药物的管理,同时医务人员应规范行医.     

儿童意外伤害766例相关因素分析

目的探索影响儿童意外伤害发生的有关因素,为开展儿童意外伤害的预防、控制与干预工作提供科学依据。方法分析2001年1月～2005年12月的5年中住院儿童766例意外伤害的相关因素。结果意外伤害占同期住院患儿6.36%,主要伤害原因依次为烧烫伤(48.43%),意外跌伤(19.06%),交通事故(17.36%),中毒(4.31%),淹溺(1.83%),电击(0.13%)等。结论儿童意外伤害大多数是可以避免的,抓住特点,采取积极的预防措施,是降低意外伤害发生的关键。     

儿童药物中毒原因分析与防范措施

目的分析儿童药物中毒的原因,寻找防范措施。方法回顾分析我院2000年1月~2005年12月接诊的256例小儿药物中毒的原因。结果儿童药物中毒的原因依次为①小儿无意误服中毒154例(60.2%);②家长喂服中毒46例(18.0%);③医源性中毒44例(17.2%);④有意自服中毒7例(2.7%);⑤常规剂量药物中毒5例(1.9%)。结论儿童药物中毒原因以儿童误服、家长喂服和医源性为主,多数能够防范,应不断提高防范意识,积极推行防范措施。     

儿童急性中毒300例分析

小儿急性中毒在农村比较常见,由于家长对孩子进行安全教育不够及家中备用药品保管不妥,而致孩子误服中毒。中毒是我国5岁以下儿童前5位意外死因之一。儿童意外伤害是儿童死亡的首要原因,也是儿童伤残的重要危险因素。现将我科1990年1月至1997年1月收治的儿童急性中毒300例总结分析如下。急性中毒300例,女126例,男174例。     

儿童意外中毒原因分析及防治措施探讨

意外中毒是儿科常见的急重症之一,是儿童意外死亡的4大原因之一[1]。2004年12月至2007年9月我院PICU共收治意外中毒儿童67例,为全面预防小儿意外中毒的发生,我们对引发儿童意外中毒的原因、毒物种类、易发年龄等进行了分析,以对意外中毒的干预提供一些客观依据,现报告如下。1对     

小儿急性中毒46例诊治体会

小儿急性中毒在农村基层医院急诊中较常见,我院于2000年1月至2005年1月共收治各种小儿急性中毒46例,现总结报告如下:1临床资料1.1一般资料男27例,女19例;年龄4～7岁31例(67.4%),8～13岁15例(32.6%)。个体中毒40例(87.0%),集体中毒6例(13.0%)。发病地点均在农村。1.2中毒原因与途径口服中毒32例(69.6%),其中误服杀鼠饵13例(40.6%),误服药品及使用过量12例(37.5%),误服有机磷杀虫剂7例(21.9%);皮肤接触中毒8例(17.4%),其中甲胺磷涂睡席灭蚤7例(7/8),甲胺磷涂头发灭虱1例(1/8);一氧化碳中毒6例(13.0%)。1.3临床表现腹痛、恶心呕吐35例(76.1%),…     

儿童急性中毒298例分析

小儿急性中毒在农村比较常见,由于家长对孩子进行安全教育不够及家中备用药品、农药、鼠药等保管不妥,而致孩子误服、接触等中毒。儿童意外伤害是儿童死亡的首要原因,也是儿童伤残的重要危险因素。现将我科1996年1月至2003年1月收治的儿童急性中毒298例总结分析如下。     

112例儿童急性中毒原因分析

目的:对儿童急性中毒进行分析,探讨儿童急性中毒的原因及相关因素,寻求预防措施.方法:统计2004～2009年住院的112例急性中毒儿童的病例.结果:儿童中毒的种类繁多,农药占首位(45.5%);中毒途径经消化道中毒占首位(90.5%);急性中毒的儿童中农村儿童占多数(80.4%);1～7岁儿童多为误服,8～14岁儿童中毒多为故意服用.结论:儿童急性中毒重在预防.     

小儿急性中毒106例临床分析

中毒是儿科常见急症,是引起儿童意外死亡的主要原因之一。本文小儿急性中毒106例,重点分析中毒原因,寻求早期干预措施。1临床资料1.1一般资料:2000～2004年我院急救中心及住院诊治的小儿急性中毒106例,男60例,女46例,年龄11个月～14岁。1.2中毒原因:药物中毒(过量)32例(30.19%),主要为安定、抗生素、胃复安、氨茶碱等。灭鼠药中毒22例(20.75%),其中氟乙酰胺中毒17例,其它鼠药类5例。农药中毒15例(14.15%)。一氧化碳中毒19例(17.9%)。食物中毒12例(11.32%)。亚硝酸盐中毒2例,酒精中毒1例,其它3例。1.3中毒途径及方式:经消化道中毒68例(64.15%…     

Assessment of prevalence and mortality incidences due to poisoning in a South Indian tertiary care teaching hospital

WHO reports estimate poisoning as one of the most common causes of increased morbidity and mortality rate world-wide. Various agents such as pesticides, drugs have been used for intentional and accidental poisoning in different countries. In the Indian scenario, pesticides are the most commonly used poisoning agents. To assess the prevalence and mortality incidence rate due to various poisoning agents a retrospective and prospective study conducted over a period of nine months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Retrospective data of poisoning cases was collected from the medical records section and the prospective data of poisoning cases was collected from the emergency and causality departments. A total of 1045 poisoning related admissions were identified during the period January 2005 to September 2008. Among them, 68.40% of cases were due to intentional poisoning and 31.60% were due to accidental poisoning. Of the poisoning related admissions, 84.4% of patients recovered, whereas in 7.6% of cases condition did not improve. Mortality rate was observed 4%. Intentional poisoning was observed more in male population (60.2%) in the age group of 18-29 years. Accidental poisoning was seen more in children in the age group of 1-3 years. Incidence of overall poisoning cases were high due to pesticides (39.5%) followed by medicines (26.1%), household products (22.1%), environmental poisoning (12.1%) and heavy metals (0.2%). It was observed that availability of centralised poison information centre and treatment protocols will improvise poison management practices in tertiary care hospitals by the clinicians.     

291例儿童急性中毒的流行病学分析

目的：对儿童中毒病例进行分析、处理,找出儿童中毒原因及相关因素,寻求干预措施。方法：统计本院1992—2009年收治住院的291名中毒儿童病案。结果：儿童中毒物质（药物和毒物）种类繁多,中毒以1~3岁和4~6岁儿童为主,分别占44.32%和20.96%,中毒原因以误服为主,占67.35%。结论：儿童急性中毒的预防需要全社会的共同参与,加强健康知识宣教,提高对基本医疗知识的认识。     

Poisoning admissions of black South Africans

During the period 1981-1985, 1306 patients with acute poisoning were admitted to Ga-Rankuwa Hospital. Of these 60% were males and 40% females. The majority (80%) were children aged 10 years or less. Sixty patients (4.6%) died. Most poisonings were accidental and only 4.0% were due to deliberate self-poisoning. The most important causes of acute poisoning were kerosene (59%) and traditional medicines (15.8%). The major causes of mortality were traditional medicines responsible for 51.7% and kerosene responsible for 26.7% of the deaths that occurred. The prevention and treatment of kerosene poisoning and poisoning by traditional medicines merits high priority in the health care of the indigenous population of South Africa.     

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute pyrethroid poisoning

This article reviews 573 cases of acute pyrethroid poisoning reported in the Chinese medical literatures during 1983–1988. There were 325 cases of acute deltamethrin poisoning (occupational 158, accidental 167), 196 patients of acute fenvalerate poisoning (occupational 63, accidental 133, including 2 cases of ingestive fenvalerate-organophosphate mixture poisoning), 45 cases of acute cypermethrin poisoning (occupational 6, accidental 39) and 7 cases of other pyrethroid poisoning (occupational 2, accidental 5). The clinical manifestations have been reviewed and analysed. The diagnosis, gradation and differential diagnosis of occupational acute pyrethroid poisoning have been discussed.     

The experience of starting a poison control centre in Africa--the Ghana experience

The need for a poison centre in Ghana has been well demonstrated over the years as evidenced by the occurrence of a variety of cases of poisoning. Important causes are accidental poisoning from mishandling of pesticides, accidental poisoning among children from kerosene and pesticide' ingestion due to unsafe storage methods in the home, use of herbal potions of unknown composition, overdoses of certain pharmaceuticals for illegal abortion, and accidental food poisonings. Bites from venomous animals particularly snakes are also common. Though preparations toward the establishment of a poison control centre started in mid 1999, it was not until early 2002 that the operations of a modest information centre commenced. Major roles the centre are currently performing include providing: an information service for health professionals on management advice in cases of poisoning; training for primary health personnel in the management of common poisonings; training for agricultural personnel in prevention and first aid management of pesticide poisoning; public awareness education and information programmes for prevention of poisoning. Some of the important challenges being faced include ensuring adequate sensitization on the need for centers particularly among health professionals, difficulties in acquiring adequate numbers of and appropriate training for staff of the centre, dedicated phone lines, literature and timely acquisition of toxicological data-bases. Others are poor networking among centers in the region and the absence of clinical and laboratory toxicology services dedicated to managing poisonings. The key lessons learned include the need for multi-sectoral involvement and support from the onset, the need to learn from experiences of established centers and the need to model requirements to suit local conditions without compromising the effectiveness of services.     

A pattern of acute poisoning in children in urban Zimbabwe: ten years experience.

1. A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the epidemiology of poisoning in children based on admissions to six of Zimbabwe's main urban hospitals over a 10-year period from 1980 to 1989 inclusive. 2. A total of 2873 cases were children aged between 0-15 years. This constituted 47.8% of poisoning cases from all age groups (6018) recorded during the study period. 3. All of the children (0-15 years) had signs and symptoms of poisoning on admission and, depending on their severity, were admitted to a ward or to an intensive care unit. A total of 4.9% (141) died. Most of those who died were suicide cases among the 11-15 year age group and accidental poisonings among the 0-15 year old group. 4. The under 0-5 age group constituted the majority of cases (75.4%) in the 0-15 age group, and most were between 1 and 3 years old. The 6-10 and 11-15 age groups formed 12.6% and 12% of the cases, respectively. The sex distribution showed that 53.1% were male. 5. Most incidences were accidental (93.2%). Suicides and parasuicides accounted for 1.9% and there were only two homicides. 6. The commonest toxic agents were: household products (27.2%), traditional medicines (23.%), venoms from snake bites and insect stings (16%) and therapeutic agents (12.4%). Of the therapeutic agents the most frequently implicated were antipsychotics 18.9%, analgesics 16.8%, anti-infectives 11.7%, anticonvulsants (8.2%) and benzodiazepines (7.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A study of major causes and types of poisoning in Khonkaen, Thailand.

To investigate the problem of poisoning in Khonkaen Province, Thailand, a prospective data collection method was used. From 257 acute poisoning cases, the total poisoning rate was found to be 0.76/1000 hospital visits and the case fatality rate was 2.7%. Major types of poisoning found were poisonous animals (28.8%), agricultural chemicals (27.2%), misused therapeutic drugs (19.0%) and household chemicals (10.1%). Major causes of poisoning were suicide attempts (35.4%), accidents (28.4%), ignorance (26.8%) and occupational (8.6%). The most frequent age group affected was 11-30 y (58.8%). Females were found involved more than males (1.2:1). In males, the most frequent cause was unintentional poisoning; in females, it was from suicide attempts. The most frequent types among males were poisonous animals and agricultural chemicals; in females they were agricultural chemicals, misused therapeutic drugs and poisonous animals. The poisoning rate in children 0-5 was 12.1% of the total cases, and poisoning from every type of toxic substance was found. The cause in children was unintentional poisoning. The peak total poisoning time was from August to October.     

住院儿童药物中毒47例临床分析与药学服务

目的 分析儿童药物中毒病例特点,探讨药师在预防和治疗儿童药物中毒过程中可提供的多样化药学服务。方法 回顾性统计分析宁波市妇女儿童医院2020年1月1日—2023 年6月30日收治的47例住院儿童药物中毒病例,并结合宁波市妇女儿童医院实际,讨论药学服务切入点。结果 药物中毒的患儿主要是青春期女孩。中毒原因多为有意服药自杀,共33例(70.21%),另有患儿自行误服12例(25.53%),及家长看错用药剂量导致药物过量2例(4.26%)。临床症状以嗜睡及昏睡28例,头晕16例,恶心呕吐14例,腹痛11例常见。中毒药物种类多为精神类药品,共39例(82.98%)。入院后,洗胃40例(85.11%),血液净化11例(23.40%),结合利尿、导泻等方式清除毒物,并根据毒物种类选用特效药物解毒,以及给予对症支持治疗,最终47例均好转、治愈出院。结论 基于儿童药物中毒的临床特点,药师可积极参与预防和诊治工作,以减少药物中毒的发生,改善中毒患儿预后。在预防方面,药师配发药品时应做好用药交代和用药宣教,尤其是对于精神类药品和剂量易混淆药品;在救治时,临床药师可从毒物的检测分析,毒物的清除,特效解毒药物的选用,药物儿童剂量的查询等多个方面对中毒患儿开展全程药学监护。     

Pattern of acute poisonings in Mashhad, Iran 1993-2000

Drugs and chemicals are almost easily available in Iran. Natural toxins as poisonous plants and animals also exist in most parts of the country. Therefore, acute poisonings, either intentional or accidental and also drug abuse/addiction are common in Iran. In spite of these difficulties there is no center for poison control and surveillance in this country to gather information and analyse data. The files of a systematic randomised ten percent of all hospital-referred poisoned patients from 21 March 1993 to 20 March 2000 in Imam Reza (p) University Hospital of Mashhad (71589 cases) were screened retrospectively. Young adults (40.3%) and school children (22.9%) were the most vulnerable group. Mean age was 22.3 (S.D. 14.38) years with a minimum of less than one and a maximum of 98 years old. A female predominance was found (53.4%). Intentional poisoning was more common (54.4%) than accidental exposures (45.2%). Fourteen cases were classified as criminal poisoning. 79.7% of exposures were via ingestion, followed by dermal exposures (14.1%), and inhalation (6.2%). The majority (83.7%) of patients were from urban areas. Most patients (68.6%) were treated in the Emergency Toxicology Clinic and discharged, 19.2% were temporarily hospitalized and 11.3% were hospitalized for 24 hr. Main groups of poisons were pharmaceuticals (61.4%), chemicals (22.8%), and natural toxins (16.6%). The overall number of poisoned patients was higher in spring and summer (62.8%). In conclusion, acute poisonings, particularly self-poisonings, are common in Iran. Since medical documentation is not routinely provided in this country the results of this retrospective study can be used for surveillance. Establishment of fluent data gathering and analysis within the local health system are challenges for the future.