成都市市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染情况调查

目的了解成都市市售的国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染情况。方法对2006年9月至2007年3月采集的80份市售婴幼儿配方奶粉进行菌落总数、大肠菌群及阪崎肠杆菌的检测,并对分离的阪崎肠杆菌进行药敏试验。结果所有检测样品中,有5份样品检出阪崎肠杆菌,阳性率为6.25%,且其中4份样品的菌落总数、大肠菌群均合格。分离的阪崎肠杆菌对常用抗生素普遍敏感。结论中国市售的国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中存在少量的阪崎肠杆菌污染。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌分子检测方法探讨

目的：对婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的分子检测方法进行探讨。方法：分别用常规PCR方法和实时荧光PCR方法对32份奶粉样品进行阪崎肠杆菌鉴定。结果：32份样品中检出2株阳性株,阳性率为6.25%,两种检测方法结果相符。结论：市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染,应尽快制订婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌的检测标准,分子检测方法可快速准确检测阪崎肠杆菌。     

批发市场销售国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌污染情况调查

目的了解批发市场销售的国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杜菌污染情况。方法参照GB/T4789.40-2008规定的阪崎肠杆菌的检验方法对69份样品进行检测。对检出的阪崎肠杆菌进行药敏检测。结果 69份国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中共检出16株阪崎肠杆菌。16株菌均对临床常用的针对G-菌的抗生素普遍敏感。结论批发市场销售的国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌污染严重,应引起有关部门的重视。     

深圳市售进口婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况调查

目的了解深圳市进口婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染情况。方法对抽取的79份进口婴幼儿配方奶粉和米粉进行阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测,同时参照GB/T4789.40-2008进行分离培养、鉴定。结果共6份样品经荧光定量PCR检测出阪崎肠杆菌阳性;其中一份分离出菌株。结论深圳市进口婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染隐患。     

深圳乳制品和环境中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况调查

目的 了解深圳市乳制品中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况,分析其可能的污染途径.方法 对抽取的195份乳制品及41份环境样品进行阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测,同时参照GB/T4789.40-2008进行分离培养和鉴定.结果 共8份乳制品和12份环境样品经荧光PCR检测,为阪崎肠杆菌阳性;其中1份婴幼儿进口配方奶粉、2份新鲜挤出牛奶和4份环境样品分离出菌株.结论 深圳市售进口婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染隐患.医院婴儿养育环境中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染;生奶及奶场环境阪崎肠杆菌污染风险很高.     

市售婴儿配方羊乳粉中微生物污染情况调查

目的了解市售婴儿配方羊乳粉中微生物的污染状况。方法在中国6个省份,分别以随机抽样的方式采集不同品牌婴儿配方羊乳粉229份,检测其中的菌落总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌和阪崎肠杆菌指标。结果 97.82%的样品菌落总数检测结果 1 000 cfu/g,1.31%的样品大肠菌群计数结果 10 cfu/g,金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果均3 cfu/g,蜡样芽胞杆菌、阪崎肠杆菌的检出率分别为19.21%、2.18%。结论此次调查的婴儿配方羊乳粉存在不同程度的蜡样芽胞杆菌和阪崎肠杆菌污染,且结果均高于以往相关研究结果。应进一步深入研究以控制婴儿配方羊乳粉中蜡样芽胞杆菌和阪崎肠杆菌的污染。     

广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染调查

目的:了解广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况。方法:对市售111份国产婴幼儿配方粉进行阪崎肠杆菌分离培养,对分离株进行生化鉴定,荧光PCR检测及17种抗生素的药敏分析。结果:共检出6株阪崎肠杆菌(检出率5.41%),其中配方牛奶粉3株(检出率4.41%),配方羊奶粉1株(检出率11.11%),配方米粉2株(检出率5.88%);6株阪崎肠杆菌对头孢噻吩耐药率100%,对头孢唑啉耐药率66.67%,对其余抗生素普遍敏感。结论:广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染,食用安全隐患不容忽视。     

深圳市婴幼儿配方粉阪崎肠杆菌检测情况分析

目的了解深圳市婴幼儿配方粉阪崎肠杆菌的污染情况,评估深圳市婴儿感染风险。方法对抽取的144份婴幼儿配方粉进行阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测,同时参照GB/T4789.40-2008《阪崎肠杆菌检验》进行分离培养、鉴定。结果共5份样品经荧光定量PCR检测出阪崎肠杆菌阳性;1份进口样品分离出菌株。结论深圳市进口婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染隐患。需加大抽样检测比例,并加强检验监管力度     

北京市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品带染阪崎肠杆菌调查

目的：了解北京市场上国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品的阪崎肠杆菌污染状况。方法：应用FDA推荐的方法及中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫局行业标准中的＂奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌检测方法＂SN/T1632.1-2005方法。结果：对88件婴幼儿配方奶粉及91件婴幼儿食品进行检测,共检出11株阪崎肠杆菌。结论：婴幼儿配方粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌带染问题不容忽视,存在严重潜在危险。     

国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿米粉中阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药敏分析

目的:了解北京地区市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿米粉中阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药物敏感性及耐药性。方法:采用纸片扩散法对11株分离自婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿米粉中的阪崎肠杆菌进行8大类17种药敏实验。结果:11株阪崎肠杆菌对苯唑西林和一代头孢菌素(头孢噻吩)100%耐药,对替卡西林、亚胺培南、头孢他定、头孢吡肟、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、环丙沙星高度敏感。结论:针对性使用抗生素,减少阪崎肠杆菌耐药,为临床提供合理用药依据。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中肺炎克雷伯菌与阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药敏分析

目的研究中国婴幼儿配方奶粉中肺炎克雷伯菌及阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药物敏感性。方法采用纸片扩散法测定15株细菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、环丙沙星、阿米卡星等8大类共24种抗生素的敏感性。结果 2009年自30份婴幼儿奶粉样品中共分离得到15株肠杆菌科细菌,经生化鉴定,其中肺炎克雷伯菌8株(53.3%),阪崎肠杆菌7株(46.7%)。药敏结果显示:所有菌株对β-内酰胺类抗生素均有不同程度的耐药性,对氟喹诺酮类和氨基糖甙类均敏感。分别有1株肺炎克雷伯菌和1株阪崎肠杆菌几乎对所有头孢类抗生素耐药。结论婴幼儿配方奶粉中肺炎克雷伯菌和阪崎肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药性较强,其多重耐药性不断的出现对婴幼儿构成了极大的危害。     

Enterobacter sakazakii: epidemiology, clinical presentation, prevention and control

The Enterobacter sakazakii is considered an emerging pathogen and has been recently connected to neonatal cases of necrotizing enterocolitis and meningitis due to use of contaminated powdered infant formula. However its presence is not limited to powdered infant formula; it can also be found in a broad range of foods and in water, in a variety of areas, including hospitals and houses. Due to the gravity of the infections attributed to E. sakazakii, it is necessary to introduce rigorous control measures to reduce the risks of contamination at various levels: industrial, to prevent from production to marketing the contamination of products; at a domestic level by reducing the risk of contamination, during preparation, handling, and storage, of reconstituted products; and legislative by establishing guidelines and recommendations issued by competent authorities, to guarantee the safety of infant food.     

Fortifying fresh human milk with commercial powdered human milk fortifiers does not affect bacterial growth during 6 hours at room temperature

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth of resident aerobic mesophilic flora and added Enterobacter sakazakii in fresh, unfortified human milk; fresh human milk fortified with two commercial powdered fortifiers differing in iron content; and infant formula prepared from powder. SUBJECTS: Eight mothers provided preterm breast milk samples. METHODS: Breast milk samples were divided into three aliquots: unfortified, fortified with fortifier containing 1.44 mg iron/14 kcal, and fortified with fortifier containing 0.4 mg iron/14 kcal. Aliquots of formula were prepared. Breast milk and formula aliquots were divided into two test samples. Half were inoculated with low amounts of E sakazakii; half were not. All test samples were maintained at room temperature (22 degrees C), serially diluted, and plated onto agars after 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Plates were incubated at 35 degrees C and enumerated. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. P<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were no differences in colony counts of aerobic bacteria among uninoculated or among inoculated human milk samples at any time; counts did not increase significantly over 6 hours. There were no differences in colony counts of E sakazakii among inoculated human milk samples at any time; counts did not increase significantly over 6 hours. Aerobic bacteria and E sakazakii colony counts from infant formula did not increase significantly over 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS: During 6 hours at 22 degrees C, fresh human milk and formula had negligible bacterial growth; fortifying human milk with powdered fortifiers did not affect bacterial growth.