Quality of life and prognostic factors after intra-articular tibial pilon fracture

BackgroundIntra-articular tibial plafond fractures are a challenge for the surgeon with generally poor functional outcomes. The purpose was to assess the impact of this injury on patient quality of life (QOL), as well as analyzed the predictor factors.MethodsRetrospective study of 47 patients with mean age of 44.4 (range 18–79) years. Patients were also invited for new clinical and radiological assessments. QOL was evaluated by the Short Form-36 questionnaire and compared to the standard in the age-matched general population. Olerud-Molander ankle score (OMAS) was used to assess function. Digital radiographs were evaluated for linear and angular measurements.ResultsThe mean follow-up at last visit was 5.3 (range, 2–10) years. Sequelae were present in 20 patients, mainly including chronic pain (8) and arthrosis (10). Articular step-off at least 2 mm was present in 20 patients had, articular gap greater than 2 mm in 13, and malalignment in 5. Worse reduction was obtained with external fixation. QOL was significant lower than age-matched general population (p = 0.000). Main prognostic factors of worse SF36 were fracture severity, reduction quality and arthrosis. A strong significant relationship was found between SF36-physical and OMAS scores (p = 0.000).ConclusionIntra-articular tibial plafond fracture had a dramatic impact on QOL. Among the predictors of unsuccessful outcome, the reduction quality was the only modifiable factor by the surgeon. The OMAS had a predictive value on the prognosis of QOL.     

Long-term patient reported outcomes following acetabular fracture fixation

IntroductionPatient reported outcome scores may be the preferred method to assess clinical results following acetabular fracture fixation. However, in current acetabular fracture research, there is a scarcity of studies using these scores and long-term follow-up is lacking. The aim of this study is to describe long-term patient reported outcomes following acetabular fracture surgery and to evaluate the association between reduction quality and these outcome measures.MethodsPatients who received operative fixation for acetabular fractures (1992–2012) were sent questionnaires (short musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA) function index and short form (SF)-12), which was returned by 106 patients (22%) (mean age 51 years, 74% male). Mean follow-up was 11.3 years and hip survivorship 78%. Reduction quality was assessed on postoperative CT or plain pelvic radiography (PXR) (3 patients). Reductions were graded as adequate (CT: <1 mm step and <5 mm gap/PXR: ≤3 mm displacement) or inadequate (CT: ≥1 mm step and/or ≥5 mm gap/PXR: >3 mm displacement). Outcome scores between native hip versus total hip arthroplasty (THA) and adequate versus inadequate reduction groups were compared and association between reduction quality and hip survivorship was determined. Subgroup analysis was performed in older patients (≥50 years).ResultsPatients with native hips reported overall superior relevant outcome scores (SMFA function index (p = 0.047), mobility (p = 0.048) and SF-12 physical component (p = 0.008)) compared to THA patients. Hip survivorship was associated with adequate reductions (p = 0.019). In the native hip group, an adequate reduction was also associated with lower (better) clinical scores (exceeding the minimal clinical important difference) (MCID) specifically for SMFA function index (p = 0.117) and mobility (p = 0.022). In elderly patients, the native hip versus THA group had similar outcomes, and adequate reductions were associated with hip survivorship as well as superior clinical scores (at least exceeding the MCID) in those who retained their native hip.ConclusionAt long-term follow-up, acetabular fracture surgery is associated with excellent patient reported outcomes. Patients who retain their native hip have overall superior relevant (SMFA and SF-12) function scores compared to those who convert to THA. Adequate reductions (on CT) were associated with both hip survivorship and superior outcome scores in patients who retain their hip.     

Long-term quality of life in trauma patients following the full spectrum of tibial injury (fasciotomy, closed fracture, grade IIIB/IIIC open fracture and amputation)

Aims and objectives

To measure long-term functional outcome and health-related quality of life following tibial fracture in association with the full spectrum of soft tissue injury.

Methods

One hundred and thirty patients with different types of tibial injury were selected from our trauma database. This included 33 patients with compartment syndrome (no underlying fracture), 30 with closed diaphyseal tibial fractures, 45 with grade IIIB/IIIC open fractures and 22 requiring below knee amputation. Mean time to final follow-up was 37.4 months. The EQ-5D (EuroQol) questionnaire was used to assess these patients at this point. Patients had been treated according to standard unit protocols. Open fractures were jointly managed under the care of local plastic and orthopaedic surgeons using a policy of obtaining early soft tissue cover.

Results

Patients with reconstructed IIIB fractures reported problems with pain and carrying out their normal activities more frequently than amputees whilst still reporting problems with mobility just as frequently. Anxiety and depression were more common in the patients with open fractures and amputees as were problems with self-care, though the latter were unusual overall. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that tibial injury type was significantly predictive of all measured outcomes except self-care (p < 0.0001). Age, ISS, sex and time to follow-up were not significant predictors of response.

Conclusions

These results show that patients with these injuries still report long-term problems with their health-related quality of life, though to varying degrees. This information is useful when determining the treatment options for these patients and it is important that it is shared with the patient prior to surgery where possible.     

Complications and unplanned outcomes following operative treatment of tibial plateau fractures

IntroductionThe operative management of tibial plateau fractures is challenging and post-operative complications do occur. The purpose of this study was three-fold. 1). To report complications and unplanned outcomes in patients who had sustained tibial plateau fractures and were operatively managed 2). To report predictors of these post-operative events 3). To report if differences in clinical outcomes exist in patients who sustained a post-operative event.MethodsOver 11 years, all tibial plateau fractures were prospectively followed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the validated Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) score. Demographics, initial injury characteristics, surgical details and post-operative events were prospectively recorded. Student’s t-tests were used for continuous variables and chi-squared analysis was used for categorical variables. Binary logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were conducted for independent predictors of post-operative events and complications and functional outcomes, respectively.Results275 patients with 279 tibial plateau fractures were included in our analysis. Ten patients (3.6%) sustained a deep infection. Six patients (2.2%) developed a superficial infection. One patient (0.4%) presented with early implant failure. Two patients (0.7%) developed a fracture nonunion. Eight patients (2.9%) developed a venous thromboembolism. Seventeen patients (6.2%) went on to re-operation for symptomatic implant removal. Nine patients (3.3%) underwent a lysis of adhesions procedure. Univariate analysis demonstrated bicondylar tibial plateau fractures (P < 0.001), Moore fracture-dislocations (P = 0.005), open fractures (P = 0.022), and compartment syndrome (P = 0.001) to be associated with post-operative complications and unplanned outcomes. Long-term functional outcomes were worse among patients who developed a post-operative complication or unplanned outcome (P = 0.031).ConclusionOrthopaedic trauma surgeons should be aware of complications and unplanned outcomes following operatively managed tibial plateau fractures, along with having the knowledge of factors that are associated with development of post-operative events.     

Measuring functional and quality of life outcomes following major head injury: common scales and checklists

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, which results in significant mortality and long term disability. The profound impact of TBI is not only felt by the individuals who suffer the injury but also their care-givers and society as a whole. Clinicians and researchers require reliable and valid measures of long term outcome not only to truly quantify the burden of TBI and the scale of functional impairment in survivors, but also to allow early appropriate allocation of rehabilitation supports. In addition, clinical trials which aim to improve outcomes in this devastating condition require high quality measures to accurately assess the impact of the interventions being studied. In this article, we review the properties of an ideal measure of outcome in the TBI population. Then, we describe the key components and performance of the measurement tools most commonly used to quantify outcome in clinical studies in TBI. These measurement tools include: the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSe); Disability Rating Scale (DRS); Functional Independence Measure (FIM); Functional Assessment Measure (FAM); Functional Status Examination (FSE) and the TBI-specific and generic quality of life measures used in TBI patients (SF-36 and SF-12, WHOQOL-BREF, SIP, EQ-5D, EBIQ, and QOLIBRI).     

胫骨前外侧锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折疗效分析

【摘要】目的 探讨胫骨前外侧锁定钢板治疗胫骨Pilon骨折的疗效。方法 选择2006年1月~2011年5月收治的31例胫骨Pilon骨折的临床资料,包括男28例,女3例;平均年龄38.9岁。Ruedi-Allgower骨折分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型23例,Ⅲ型6例。根据Tscheme-Gotzen软组织损伤分度:闭合性损伤0度2例,1度16例,2度6例,3度1例;开放性损伤1度4例,2度2例。31例Pilon骨折全部采用胫骨前外侧锁定钢板切开复位内固定治疗。结果 31例均获随访(12~36月,平均20月)。骨愈合时间10~24周,平均14周。Teeny和Wiss术后影像学复位评估,关节面解剖复位率为80.6%;Mazur术后功能评分系统评估,优16例,良10例,可4例,差1例,优良率为83.8%。结论 采用胫骨前外侧锁定钢板治疗Pilon复位理想、固定牢靠,有利于早期功能锻炼。     

胫骨平台骨折合并髁间棘骨折术后患者膝关节功能恢复的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响胫骨平台骨折合并髁间棘骨折术后患者膝关节功能恢复的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至6月期间河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心收治并符合纳入标准的63例胫骨平台骨折合并髁间棘骨折患者资料。男43例,女20例;年龄为18~66岁,平均43.9岁。按胫骨平台骨折综合分型：简单骨折27例（Ⅰ型20例,Ⅱ型...     

关节镜辅助下胫骨平台骨折的微创手术治疗

目的 探讨在关节镜辅助下应用微创技术对胫骨平台骨折进行治疗的方法。评价近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2003年-2006年选择治疗的27例胫骨平台骨折,按sehatzker分型,I型8例,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型7例,IV型3例。27例骨折均在关节镜辅助下进行骨折复位,经皮松质骨螺丝钉内固定或小切口支撑钢板内固定治疗。结果 术后随访1～2年不等,所有骨折均在3-4个月获得骨性愈合。未出现切口愈合不良、骨关节感染、深静脉血栓形成和骨筋膜室综合征等早期并发症,2年后膝关节功能评分按meyehant评分。优良26例。优良率达96.3％。结论 在关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨平台骨折。可以同时处理关节内合并伤。具有创伤小、恢复快、预后好、并发症少的优点。是一种很好的治疗方法。     

胫骨干骨折髓内钉治疗后膝关节痛的临床研究

目的 通过对胫骨干骨折髓内钉内固定治疗后膝关节痛的临床观察，探讨膝关节痛的发生和病因。方法 回顾性研究我院1997年1月～2002年12月应用髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干骨折的1332例病例。所有病例在骨折愈合后均有一次以上随访，平均随访时间为27个月。结果 共有409例胫骨干骨折术后发生患侧膝关节痛；经髌韧带入路组膝关节痛发生率为31.9％，髌韧带旁入路组为28.9％。结论 髌韧带旁入路不能减少胫骨干骨折髓内钉治疗术后膝关节痛的发生。     

胫骨平台骨折外科术式的选择

目的:分析胫骨平台骨折外科术式的选择及其适应证。方法:胫骨平台骨折患者89例,根据其骨折情况,分别采用闭合撬拨整复空心螺钉内固定和开放整复钢板内固定治疗,根据Hohl膝关节功能评分方法评估两种术式各自的疗效。结果:闭合撬拨整复组有45例得到随访,平均随访时间38个月,根据改良Hohl膝关节功能评分方法评定疗效,优20例,良19例,中3例,差3例,优良率86.7%。开放整复组38例均获随访,平均随访时间36个月,根据Hohl改良膝关节功能评分方法评定疗效,优19例,良14例,中3例,差2例,优良率86.8%。结论:撬拨整复空心螺钉内固定的方法相对适宜于Ⅰ~Ⅳ型(Schatzker分型)胫骨平台骨折,而对Ⅴ、Ⅵ型骨折的患者必须行切开复位钢板坚强内固定。     

胫骨平台骨折内固定治疗

胫骨平台骨折为一种高能量的损伤，由于常合并严重软组织损伤及关节面损伤，治疗上有一定难度。我院自1998年5月—2002年7月共收治胫骨平台骨折20例，多数伴发严重的软组织损伤。经正确掌握手术时机，采用合理拉力螺钉或钢板内固定，取得较为满意的疗效。     

胫骨远端Pilon骨折的手术时机及术式选择

【摘要】 目的 探讨胫骨远端Pilon骨折的手术时机及术式设计。方法〓回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2015年1月期间胫骨远端Pilon骨折手术治疗患者45例,根据Ruedi-Allgower分型分为Ⅱ型23例和Ⅲ型22例,比较不同Ruedi-Allgower分型的骨折的手术时机及术式(切开复位内固定术、分步延期切开复位内固定术和外固定结合有限内固定术)的疗效。结果〓不同Ruedi-Allgower分型的手术方式比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ruedi-AllgowerⅡ型以7~10 d手术为主,Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型以6~8 h手术为主,同种手术时机的Ruedi-AllgowerⅡ分型比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同手术方式的治疗优良率与并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),分步延期切开复位内固定与外固定结合有限内固定手术时间明显短于早期切开复位内固定术(P<0.01),分步延期切开复位内固定患者骨性愈合时间明显短于外固定结合有限内固定患者(P<0.01),且分步延期切开复位内固定患者骨性愈合时间明显短于早期切开复位内固定(P<0.05)。结论〓准确把握胫骨远端Pilon骨折手术时机,综合评估骨折程度优先选择分步延期切开复位内固定术,有助于显著缩短手术时间与骨性愈合时间。     

Changes in bone mass and bone turnover following tibial shaft fracture

Introduction: Bone loss occurs in the regional bone following tibial shaft fracture. An earlier cross-sectional study showed that measurements made at the metaphyseal region of the tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and the ultradistal region of the tibia using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were the most responsive at monitoring this bone loss. Biochemical markers of bone turnover enable us to assess the activity of bone formation and resorption during fracture healing. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the pattern and distribution of bone loss and bone turnover following a tibial shaft fracture treated with either plaster cast or intramedullary nail. Methods: Eighteen subjects underwent bone mass measurements using DXA at the tibia and hip and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the tibia and calcaneus of both limbs at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks following fracture, with hip and tibia DXA measurements also performed at 52 weeks. Nine of the patients treated with plaster cast had pQCT measurements at the tibia at 24 weeks. We measured three bone formation markers, bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide (PINP), a marker of bone resorption, serum C-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) and a marker of collagen III turnover, procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) at 1 day, 3 days and 7 days and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks following fracture. The greatest bone losses were observed at the ultradistal region of the tibia using DXA (28%, p <0.001) and the metaphyseal region of the tibia using pQCT (26–31%, p <0.001) at 24 weeks. In the hip, the greatest loss was in the trochanter region at 24 weeks (10%, p <0.001). The greatest loss at the calcaneus measured using QUS was for broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) measured using CUBA Clinical at 24 weeks (13%, p =0.01). Results: At 1 year, there was a small recovery in bone loss (ultradistal tibia DXA, 20%, p <0.01; trochanter DXA 9%, p <0.001). Bone turnover increased following fracture (PINP +72±21%, p <0.0001, bone ALP +199±22%, p =0.004, β-CTX +105±23%, p <0.0001, all at 24 weeks). There was a smaller +33±10% increase in osteocalcin at 24 weeks. PIIINP concentration peaked at week 8 (+57±9%, p <0.0001). The bone resorption marker β-CTX showed an earlier rise (week 2, 139±33%) than the bone formation markers. Conclusions: We conclude that: (1) bone loss following tibial shaft fracture occurs both proximal and distal to the fracture; (2) the decreased BMD is largest for trabecular bone in the tibia with similar measurements using DXA and pQCT; (3) there is limited recovery of bone lost at the hip and tibia at 1 year; (4) tibial speed of sound (SOS) demonstrated a greater decrease than calcaneal SOS when comparing z -scores; (5) BUA is the QUS variable that shows the biggest decrease of bone mass at the calcaneus; (6) increase in bone turnover occurs following fracture with an earlier increase in bone resorption markers and a later rise in bone formation markers.     

Schatzker Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折的分型及治疗

目的　探讨SchatzkerⅣ型胫骨平台骨折的损伤特点、疗效差的原因和改进的方法。方法　根据SchatzkerⅣ型胫骨平台骨折的骨折特点 ,将 1993～ 2 0 0 2年间诊治的 5 1例患者分为劈裂型、整髁型和塌陷型。对劈裂型和整髁型骨折 ,无关节面塌陷者 ,采用内侧切口 ;CT检查示有关节面塌陷者 ,采用正中切口纠正塌陷并植骨 ;劈裂型支撑钢板在内后侧固定 ,整髁型支撑钢板在内侧固定 ,或双侧支撑钢板固定。对塌陷型骨折 ,采用内侧切口 ,行复位、植骨、支撑钢板内侧固定。 33例患者术后平均随访 4 1个月 ,对影响骨折预后的因素进行分析。结果　随诊的 33例患者膝关节活动度为30°～ 14 7°(平均 110°) ;Lysholm评分平均为 83 2分 ,优 8例、良 9例、中 14例、差 2例。平台非解剖复位、平台增宽 >4mm、平台向外侧移位 >8mm是预后较差的相关因素 (χ2 值分别为 5 10、6 0 8、8 0 2 ,P<0 0 5、<0 0 5、<0 0 1) ,也易导致骨性关节炎的发生。结论　应根据分型和CT检查结果选择手术入路和固定方法 ,膝内翻畸形、平台增宽 >4mm或向外侧移位 >8mm是影响预后的因素。     

关节镜下经髌股关节间隙治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下经髌股关节间隙治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2008年9月至2012年9月,收治45例胫骨髁间嵴骨折患者,年龄15~22岁;男32例,女13例;左膝关节29例,右膝关节16例。患者均为新鲜骨折并且外伤后10 d之内就诊,常规摄X线片示胫骨髁间嵴骨折。根据Meyers-McKeever骨折分型:Ⅲ型27例,Ⅱ型18例。所有患者采用关节镜下经髌股关节间隙复位固定治疗。术后根据X线片评估骨折愈合情况,并做Lysholm评分。结果:45例患者均获随访,术后3个月拍片复查,骨折均愈合,无膝关节髁间窝撞击引起的伸直受限、膝关节伸直疼痛、膝关节前方不稳定等并发症。Ⅱ型骨折Lysholm评分为92分(85~96分),Ⅲ型骨折Lysholm评分93分(83~96分)。结论:关节镜下经髌股关节间隙治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折复位固定简单,手术易操作,结果可靠。     

经皮鱼嘴钳固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的:分析微创技术治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法:胫骨平台骨折83例,男59例,女24例;年龄18~58岁,平均37岁。交通事故伤36例,坠落伤21例,砸伤10例,摔伤16例。外翻应力伤31例,内翻应力伤9例,垂直压迫或合并旋转应力伤43例。按Schatzker分类:Ⅰ型15例,Ⅱ型26例,Ⅳ型17例,Ⅴ型25例。均行经皮撬拨复位、鱼嘴钳固定治疗。结果:随访81例,时间2~7年,骨折均于3个月内愈合,膝关节完全伸直,屈膝平均127°(95°~145°)。参照Rasmussen胫骨髁部骨折膝关节功能进行评分:优49例,良27例,可4例,差1例。结论:经皮鱼嘴钳固定手术创伤小,固定可靠,能早期进行功能锻炼,避免二次手术取内固定物,是治疗胫骨平台骨折的有效方法。     

胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带损伤治疗探讨

目的 分析胫骨平台骨折术后随访病例膝关节稳定性的变化，探讨胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带损伤的发生率及早期诊断和处理措施。方法 对2000年1月～2003年6月期间在我院治疗的不同类型胫骨平台骨折进行回顾，对有随访的57例良好复位的平台骨折病例膝关节稳定度进行分析。结果 随访6个月～2.5年，平均15个月，未见明显膝关节不稳现象，总结出本组病例膝关节稳定性良好的原因：①胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带损伤发生率低；②胫骨平台骨折合并韧带损伤程度轻；③解剖复位及坚强内固定；④术后良好制动及正确的康复训练指导。结论 胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带完全断裂的发生率较低，韧带不全损伤非手术治疗可获得良好疗效。     

闭合性胫骨骨折兔模型的建立与评估

目的：探讨改良设计的三点弯曲骨折装置用于建立闭合性胫骨骨折兔模型的效果。方法：选取6月龄SPF级健康雄性新西兰兔40只,体质量2.5~3.0 kg,制备闭合性胫骨骨折兔模型,并于术后6周进行模型验证。预造模组5只,造模前未行临时外固定,后以改良设计三点弯曲骨折装置进行骨折;正式造模组35只,造模前行穿针及夹板外固定,后以改良设计三点弯曲骨折装置进行骨折。于术后2 h及4、6周行影像学、组织病理学评估骨折模型情况及愈合进程。结果：造模后2 h,预造模组呈不同程度的斜行骨折且断端明显移位;正式造模组除1只粉碎性骨折,2只弯曲蝶形骨折,2只未显示明显骨折线外,其余均呈简单横行及斜行骨折,断端无明显移位。根据判定标准,模型成功率为85.71%。造模后4周,实验兔固定针及夹板位置良好,骨折对位对线良好,骨折线已模糊不清,骨折端周围可见大量连续骨痂生长,骨痂密度较高。造模后6周,镜下见骨折处大量粗大的新生骨小梁,边缘成骨细胞附着并见少量巨噬细胞,膜内成骨区域为编织骨阶段,骨折处髓腔已部分再通,骨痂处于吸收塑性阶段,可见大量破骨细胞。X线显示骨折线几乎消失,髓腔部分已通,周围见外骨痂减少,骨痂处于塑形期,骨皮质连续。提示骨折模型呈二期愈合。结论：改良三点弯曲骨折装置可建立稳定的闭合性胫骨骨折兔模型,且操作简便,符合骨折愈合相关基础研究对闭合性骨折模型的要求。