弹性髓内钉去弹性化治疗儿童桡骨干远段骨折

目的 应用弹性髓内钉去弹性化技术治疗儿童桡骨干远段骨折,观察临床疗效、放射学结果 及预后功能情况.方法 自2006至2008年,应用闭合复位、弹性髓内钉去弹性化技术治疗儿童桡骨干远段骨折18例,男13例,女5例;年龄5～15岁,平均9岁8个月.所有病例均为闭合性骨折,从受伤到接受手术治疗的时间为1～9d.骨折部位均位于桡骨干远段1/3,15例合并同侧尺骨骨折,另外3例为单纯桡骨骨折.复位方式均为"C"型臂X线机透视下闭合复位.术后常规长臂功能位石膏管型固定3～周.结果 最短随访时间12个月,平均骨折完全愈合时间为5个月(3～7个月).术后骨折对位正位平均93.2%±5.9%,侧位平均95.7%±7.1%;术后成角正位平均2.7°±1.5°,侧位平均1.4°±1.2°.94%(17/18)的患儿最终恢复了完全的前臂旋转功能,1例患儿存在10°以内的前臂旋转受限,随着随访时间延长,逐步好转中.并发症包括1例患儿出现髓内钉钉尾软组织激惹症状,1例患儿进钉部位手术瘢痕皮肤敏感.结论 弹性髓内钉去弹性化技术对于治疗儿童桡骨干远段骨折是一种有效、安全且方便可行的方法 .     

髓内钉与掌侧钢板内固定对桡骨远端骨折疗效的Meta分析

目的 :采用Meta分析评价髓内钉与掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索Pub Med、Cochrane Library、Web of science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据期刊全文数据库(Wanfang Data)和维普数据库发表的关于髓内钉治疗桡骨远端骨折的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时间为建库至2016年5月。按照纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料,按Cochrane Handbook质量评价标准对文献质量进行评价,采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析,比较术后握力、临床疗效(屈伸、旋前后和桡尺偏斜)、影像学评估(尺骨变异、桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角)以及术后并发症发生率。结果:共纳入6个随机对照试验,共370例。Meta分析结果示:髓内钉与掌侧钢板内固定组相比较,伸展[MD=5.63,95%CI(-7.01,18.27),P=0.38],屈曲[MD=3.10,95%CI(-0.67,6.86),P=0.11],旋前[MD=2.58,95%CI(-0.49,5.65),P=0.10],旋后[MD=0.82,95%CI(-1.89,3.54),P=0.55],桡偏[MD=-5.16,95%CI(-14.42,4.11),P=0.28],尺偏[MD=0.19,95%CI(-2.39,2.77),P=0.88],尺骨变异[MD=-0.01,95%CI(-0.43,0.42),P=0.97],尺偏角[MD=-0.31,95%CI(-1.37,0.73),P=0.56],桡骨高度[MD=-0.27,95%CI(-0.98,0.44),P=0.45],掌倾角[MD=0.29,95%CI(-0.41,0.99),P=0.42],握力[MD=-1.14,95%CI(-12.78,10.50),P=0.85]及术后并发症发生率[RR=0.71,95%CI(0.46,1.09),P=0.12]差异无统计学意义。结论:与掌侧钢板内固定相比,髓内钉治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果相当,不能降低术后并发症的发生,但目前样本量较少,将来应开展大样本量的前瞻性随机对照研究进一步验证髓内钉治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。     

The use of elastic intramedullary nailing in the stabilisation of paediatric fractures

The treatment of paediatric long-bone fractures remains controversial. Elastic intramedullary nailing has been proposed as an alternative for the treatment of paediatric long-bone fractures. PATIENTS: We treated 68 children in a time span of 9 years with 32 fractures of the forearm, 27 fractures of the femur and nine fractures of the tibia. The mean age was 8.3 years and the mean admission time 2.6 days. RESULTS: Mean consolidation time was 7.9 weeks for the forearm fractures, 11.9 weeks for the femur fractures and 10.6 weeks for the tibial fractures. Full weight bearing for the latter two fracture types was allowed within the first week. There were no major complications. The complications encountered were three hydrops of the knee, four low-grade infections and one delayed union. Leg length discrepancy was only seen in five patients (18%) and was less than 2 cm. DISCUSSION: In femur fractures, we let the parents decide between skeletal traction and intramedullary rods. When confronted with the possible complications (operation-related complications and infection) compared to the advantages (early weight bearing and short admission time), they almost always choose the operative approach. In our opinion, elastic intramedullary nailing is an excellent treatment option for diaphyseal fractures in children with skeletal immaturity, especially of the femur.     

Pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation for distal radial shaft fractures in children

Objective: To investigate the functional and radiographic outcomes of pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail in treatment of distal radial shaft fractures in children. Methods: From January 2006 to December 2008, 18 children with distal radial shaft fracture were treated by close reduction and internal fixation with a pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail. The age range was from 5 years to 15 years, with an average of 9 years and 8 months. The minimum follow‐up was 12 months. Results: All fractures maintained good alignment postoperatively, and 94.4% (17/18) of the patients regained a full range of rotation of the forearm. One patient has limitation of rotation to less than 10°, this had improved by final follow‐up. Complications included soft tissue irritation at the site of nail insertion in one patient and transient scar hypersensitivity in another. Conclusion: Fixation with a pre‐bent elastic stable intramedullary nail is an effective, safe and convenient method for treating distal radial shaft fractures in children.     

Volar long locking compression plate fixation for distal radius fractures with metaphyseal and diaphyseal extension

Comminuted distal radial fractures with metaphyseal and diaphyseal extension are uncommon and remain a challenge to treat. The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic and functional outcomes of treatment with the volar long locking compression plate (LCP) system for distal radius fractures with metaphyseal and diaphyseal extension. This retrospective study was performed on 22 consecutive patients who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with the application of a 2.4-mm-extra-long LCP volar distal radius plate. Patients were evaluated based on clinical signs and radiography studies. The average time to fracture union was 16 weeks. The volar tilt was restored to a mean of 10.1°. The radial length and radial inclination were restored to a mean of 12.8 mm and 23.6° at final follow-up, respectively. The mean loss of radial length was ?1.0 mm at final follow-up as compared with the contralateral extremity. The average ulnar variance was positive 0.1 mm at final follow-up with a congruent distal radioulnar joint. The degree of collapse after fixation between immediate postoperative and final follow-up visit was ?0.1 mm. Using the demerit-point system of the Gartland and Werley rating system, 14 results were rated as excellent, 5 as good and 1 as fair. DASH scores averaged 10.1 points. Based on our experience, the volar long LCP is useful in the management of comminuted fractures of the distal radius, in which there is proximal extension into the diaphysis and can avoid or minimize the complications of external fixation or dorsal bridging distraction plate.     

T型锁定加压钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折合并干骺端及骨干粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨掌侧入路T型锁定加压钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折合并干骺端及骨干粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用掌侧入路T型锁定加压钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折合并干骺端及骨干粉碎性骨折40例,均采用经掌侧入路,骨缺损严重者置入人工骨.结果 所有患者均获随访,平均25个月（12～45个月）,骨折平均愈合时间16周（10～28周）.根据Gratland-Werley功能评估标准进行评定：优32例,良5例,中2例,差1例,优良率达92.5%.1例患者术后出现正中神经麻痹,但3个月后自愈,1例患者出现下尺桡关节炎,2例患者出现关节间隙轻度狭窄,但无腕关节功能障碍,未见骨感染、骨分离、内固定松动等并发症.结论 掌侧入路T型锁定加压钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折合并干骺端及骨干粉碎性骨折的疗效确切,它可提供较好的轴向和角度稳定性并具有整体固定特点,有利于术后早期有效的功能锻炼,降低术后并发症的发生率.     

Minimally invasive flexible insertion and rigid intramedullary nail fixation for distal radius fractures

Intramedullary (IM) devices are currently available for the surgical treatment of various distal radius fractures. The proposed advantages of IM fixation include minimally invasive operative techniques, less opportunity for hardware irritation, decreased postoperative pain, and stable fixation allowing for early range of motion. However, many complications have been reported with the use of IM devices in the distal radius such as injury to the superficial branch of the radial nerve, screw penetration into the distal radial ulnar joint, and loss of reduction. Nonetheless, early clinical reports of IM fixation for purely extra-articular distal radius fractures (AO type 23-A) and those with simple intra-articular extension (AO type 23-C1 and C2) have been promising. The purpose of this article is to describe the indication, technique, and rehabilitation after IM nail fixation for select distal radius fractures with a novel IM device, which provides locked fixed angle distal screws to support the articular subchondral bone and a unique flexible IM component that conforms to the patient's anatomy, is made rigid, and locks proximally with IM fixation within the radial diaphysis. This unique device is theorized to be more patient specific (due to the flexible portion of the nail) and further minimize soft tissue irritation compared with those IM devices currently available.     

超声在儿童尺桡骨骨折闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定术中的应用

目的探讨超声在儿童尺桡骨骨折闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定术中的应用效果。方法对30例新鲜闭合尺桡骨骨折患儿术中在超声引导下进行骨折闭合复位弹性髓内钉固定,记录术后患肢功能及并发症。结果30例均在超声引导下成功闭合复位,髓内钉通过骨折断端时未造成血管、神经损伤。患儿均获得随访,时间6~9个月。骨折均达到骨性愈合,未发现内固定移位、断裂及骨折畸形愈合等情况。末次随访时,根据Berton评定标准评价疗效:优27例,良3例。结论术中在超声引导下可以实现儿童尺桡骨骨折闭合复位内固定,且具有创伤小、辐射少的优点。     

Assessing leg length discrepancy following elastic stable intramedullary nailing for paediatric femoral diaphyseal fractures

Introduction

Femoral overgrowth is a recognised phenomenon following fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children. This study was designed to assess leg length discrepancy (LLD) following elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) and its clinical significance.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review of children who underwent ESIN with DePuy ACE^® Nancy nails between 1997 and 2001 for diaphyseal femoral fractures. Evaluation was by questionnaire, clinical examination and radiological measurement.

Results

17/26 (65%) patients were followed up for a mean time of 48 months (21–77). Average age at surgery was 9 years. Mean operative time was 78 min with a mean hospital stay of 7.8 days. Mean time to union was 10 weeks. A statistically significant LLD of +3.2 mm is demonstrated in children aged 4–8 years (P = 0.05). LLD is not statistically significant in children over 8 years.

Conclusion

ESIN is a successful treatment for paediatric diaphyseal femoral fractures and allows early mobilisation and discharge. A statistically significant LLD is observed in children aged 4–8 years although clinically only one patient in the entire series was aware of a leg length discrepancy. In addition clinical methods of leg length measurement are sensitive for LLD and we conclude that routine radiographic follow up is not necessary unless clinically indicated.

     

经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧骨折

桡骨远端陈旧骨折一般需要采用切开复位内固定治疗，才能恢复正常的解剖关系，自2003年2月至2007年3月采用经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧骨折48例，总结如下。     

Acumed前臂髓内钉治疗成人前臂双骨折

目的 :探讨Acumed前臂髓内钉治疗成人前臂双骨折的临床疗效。方法:2009年1月至2016年12月采用Acumed髓内钉治疗成人前臂双骨折患者86例,男54例(62.8%),女32例(37.2%),年龄18~72岁,平均36.8岁;右侧50例,左侧36例。记录病例手术时间、术中出血量、放射暴露时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症,DASH问卷调查(Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand questionnaire)和Grace-Eversman疗效评级以评估髓内钉治疗前臂骨折的临床效果。结果:86例患者均获随访,随访时间48~144周,平均86.8周;术中出血量30~80 ml,平均52 ml;放射性暴露时间1~6 min,平均2.5 min;手术时间31~55 min,平均46 min。85例骨折顺利愈合,愈合时间10~16周,平均13.3周。3例患者出现并发症,其中1例肥大性骨不连,1例尺桡骨间骨桥形成,1例拇长伸肌腱损伤。DASH评分0~28分,平均15.6分;Grace-Eversman评价结果,优65例,良15例,可5例,差1例。结论:前臂髓内钉用于治疗成人前臂双骨折具有微创、手术时间短、并发症少等优点,临床效果满意。     

Comparison of angle stable plate fixation approaches for distal radius fractures

Introduction

The aim of the study was to compare radiological and functional outcomes between volar and dorsal surgical fixation of distal radius fractures using low-profile, fixed-angle implants.

Patients and methods

A total of 305 distal radius fracture patients were treated with Synthes locking compression plate (LCP) 2.4- or 3.5-mm fixation using either a volar (n = 266) or dorsal (n = 39) approach. The patients were examined at 6 months, 1 and 2 years for radiological assessment of fracture healing, alignment, reduction and arthritis, as well as the determination of various functional outcome scores.

Results

Both groups were comparable with respect to baseline and injury characteristics. The complication rate was higher for the volar approach (15%). No significant differences were observed for Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) scores, pain, arthritis grade, grip strength and radiological measurements. However, a significantly better functional outcome represented by a low mean Gartland and Werley score was observed for the volar approach after 6 and 12 months. Significantly higher percentages of dorsal extension, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation and supination angle (relative to the mean contralateral healthy wrist) were also reported for volar approach patients at the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusions

Volar internal fixation of distal radius fractures with LCP DR implants can result in earlier and better functional outcome compared with the dorsal approach, yet is associated with a higher incidence of complications. After 2 years, these differences are no longer observed between the two surgical methods.     

Treatment of severely displaced proximal humeral fractures in children with retrograde elastic stable intramedullary nailing

We report our experience of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of severely displaced proximal humeral fracture Type III and IV according to Neer in children. Thirty-five children (mean age 12.7 years) with 19 Salter–Harris Type II epiphyseal fractures and 16 children with metaphyseal fractures of the proximal humerus were treated with ESIN by one-nail or two-nail-technique. There were the following complications: two perforations of the nail at the head of the humerus with loss of position, one loss of position without nail perforation, one misplacement of a nail, one revision due to haematoma and two difficult removals of metal. For follow-up examinations after 26 months the children were classified by use of the Constant–Murley score. On average they gained 99 points. All children were able to resume their sporting activities as before. For the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in children more than 10 years old the retrograde ESIN represents a safe minimal invasive surgical procedure.     

桡骨远端关节内骨折手术与非手术治疗的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析比较桡骨远端关节内骨折手术与非手术治疗的疗效.方法 通过检索1988年1月至2008年6月关于桡骨远端骨折于术与非手术治疗对照研究的文献(共5篇),采用循证医学Meta分析对患者腕关节功能,骨折复位后X线位置、患者满意度及并发症进行综合分析.结果 Meta分析发现:与非手术治疗相比,手术治疗能明显改善腕关节功能(OR=0.23,95%CI 0.11-0.48,P<0.05)、可以良好复位(OR=0.20,95%CI 0.10-0.39,P<0.05)、减少并发症的发生(OR=0.29,95%CI0.17-0.49,P<0.05),但患者满意度方面低于非于术治疗(OR=0.32,95%CI 0.14-0.75,P=0.009).结论桡骨远端关节内骨折应采用手术治疗,同时应该关注患者的要求及期望值.     

锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的 总结应用锁定加压接骨板（locking compression plate，LCP）治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法 对23例桡骨远端骨折（按AO桡骨远端骨折分类：属A2型4例，A3型3例，B1型2例，B3型2例，C1型7例，C2型2例，C3型3例）的患者，应用锁定加压接骨板行内固定治疗，术后进行早期功能锻炼。结果 术后随访4～25个月，采用腕关节功能及X线片测量指标进行综合评定：优13例，良8例，差2例，优良率达91．2％。结论 采用LCP治疗桡骨远端骨折，具有良好的手术效果，但同时需强调微创技术。     

Treatment of distal tibial metaphyseal fractures: Plating versus shortened intramedullary nailing

BACKGROUND: Fractures in the distal tibial metaphysis are more complicated to treat than diaphyseal fractures. We compared treatment with plating to treatment with shorted intramedullary (IM) nailing. METHODS: Patients with AO type 43A fractures were treated with plate fixation (group A, n=14) or shortened IM nailing (group B, n = 13). We compared postoperative radiographic deformities, functional results (Iowa ankle scores), and symptoms (Olerud and Molander ankle scores). RESULTS: All fractures had healed at final follow-up (mean, 33 month). Mean union times were 27.8 week (range, 18-36 week) in group A and 22.6 week (range, 18-30 week) in group B (P<0.05). Mean postoperative valgus angulations were larger in group B (3.7 degrees ) than in group A (0.5 degrees ) (P<0.05). However, malunions did not differ between groups (P<0.05). Functional results and postoperative symptoms were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Both plate fixation and shortened IM nailing were effective for treating distal tibial metaphyseal fractures.     

外侧微型钢板及克氏针辅助固定治疗儿童肱骨远端骨干-干骺端交界性骨折

目的:探讨外侧微型钢板及克氏针辅助固定治疗儿童肱骨远端骨干-干骺端交界性骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析自2015年1月至2018年12月收治的21例肱骨远端骨干-干骺端交界性骨折患儿,男12例,女9例;年龄2～10岁,平均4.5岁;受伤至手术时间6 h～7 d。影像学资料显示骨折线位于肱骨远端骨干-干骺端交界区域,斜形骨折10例,横形骨折8例,粉碎骨折3例。手术方式均采用切开复位外侧微型钢板及克氏针辅助内固定,采用改良Flynn肘关节评分标准进行临床疗效评价。结果:21例患儿均得到随访,时间8～24个月,平均13个月,愈合时间为6～8周,平均7.2周,术后均未出现骨折再移位、肘内翻畸形及尺神经损伤等并发症。按照改良Flynn肘关节评分标准进行评价,优19例,良2例。结论:儿童肱骨远端骨干-干骺端交界性骨折与肱骨髁上骨折治疗方法不同,采用切开复位外侧微型钢板及克氏针辅助固定治疗具有稳定性强、功能良好、并发症少的优点值得临床推广。     

Acumed腓骨髓内钉内固定治疗腓骨远端骨折的短期疗效观察

目的探讨应用Acumed腓骨髓内钉内固定治疗腓骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法笔者自2013-12—2014-12应用Acumed腓骨髓内钉内固定治疗25例腓骨远端骨折,19例采用闭合复位,6例采用切开复位,术后24 h内进行肌肉舒缩功能锻炼。结果所有患者均获得随访8~13个月,平均11个月,术后外踝部切口均一期愈合,未发生感染、内固定物松动、断裂等并发症。腓骨骨折获得骨性愈合,踝关节活动范围:跖屈(35.6±8.5)°、背伸(17.4±5.3)°。末次随访疗效按Baird-Jackson踝关节评分评定为(95.96±3.31)分,优18例,良6例,可1例,优良率96%。结论Acumed腓骨髓内钉治疗腓骨远端骨折,可明显缩短手术时间,减少软组织的剥离,配合术后早期功能锻炼,早期恢复踝关节功能;同时腓骨髓内钉能很好地维持腓骨长度以及腓骨外翻角,临床疗效满意。