Fracture morphology of AO/OTA 31-A trochanteric fractures: A 3D CT study with an emphasis on coronal fragments

AimsThis study was designed to assess the incidence and morphology of coronal plane fragments in AO/OTA 31-A trochanteric fractures.Patients and methods156 cases of AO/OTA 31-A trochanteric fractures were retrospectively evaluated. Lateral radiographs were analyzed for the presence of coronal plane fragments followed by analysis of 3D CT reconstructions in these fractures. The incidence of coronal fragments identified on the lateral radiograph and 3D CT reconstructions were both calculated. Coronal fragment morphology was described based upon the origin and exit points of fracture lines and the number of fragments.Results and conclusionOn plain radiographs, a coronal plane fracture was identified in 59 cases, an incidence of 37.8% (59/156). In comparison, 3D CT reconstructions identified coronal plane fractures in 138 cases for an incidence of 88.4% (138/156). 3D CT reconstructions identified coronal fracture fragments in 81.9% (50/61) of AO/OTA 31-A1 cases, 94.5% (69/73) of 31-A2 cases, and 86.3% (19/22) of 31-A3 cases. Incidence of coronal fractures identified on plain radiographs of 3 AO/OTA 31-A1,A2,A3 groups was lower when compared to the incidence of coronal fractures identified on 3D CT. Of the 138 cases that had coronal plane fracture, 82 cases (59.4%) had a single coronal fragment (GT fragment 35 cases, GLT fragment 19 cases, GLPC fragment 28 cases). The remaining 56 cases (40.5%) had two coronal fragments. There is a high incidence of coronal fragments in intertrochanteric femur fractures when analyzed with 3D CT reconstructions. Our study suggests that these coronal fragments are difficult to identify on plain radiographs. Knowledge of the incidence and morphology of coronal fragments helps to avoid potential intraoperative pitfalls.     

Does an additional antirotation U-Blade (RC) lag screw improve treatment of AO/OTA 31 A1-3 fractures with gamma 3 nail?

IntroductionPoor bone quality and unstable fractures increase the cut-out rate in implants with gliding lag screws. The U-Blade (RC) lag screw for the Gamma3^® nail was introduced to provide monoaxial rotational stability of the femoral head and neck fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw is associated with reduced cut-out in patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures.Material & methodsBetween 2009 and 2014, 751 patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures were treated with a Gamma3^® nail at our institution. Out of this sample 199 patients were treated with U-blade (RC) lag screws. A total of 135 patients (117 female, 18 male) with standard lag screw (treatment group A) were matched equally regarding age (±4 years) sex, fracture type and location to 135 patients with U-blade (RC) lag screw (treatment group B). Within a mean follow up of 9.2 months (range 6–18 months) we assessed the cut-out rate, the calTAD, lag screw migration, the Parker's mobility score and the Parker’s ratio at postoperatively, six and 12 months following surgery. Furthermore we recorded all complications, ASA-Score, hospital stay and duration of surgery retrospectively.ResultsThe most common fracture among group B with a cut-out of the lag screw were AO/OTA 2.3 and 3.2 fractures whereas in group A cut-out was most commonly seen in AO/OTA 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 fractures, there was no significant reduction of the cut-out rate in group B 2.2% (n = 3) compared to group A 3.7% (n = 5). The duration of surgery was significantly shorter in group A (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lag screw placement, the Parker’s ratio and mobilization.ConclusionIn our study the U-Blade (RC) lag screw did not reduce the cut-out in treatment of OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures at all. Considering the longer duration of surgery and the higher costs of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw, our results do not justify its use. However, further prospective randomized studies will be necessary.     

掌侧切口和解剖型锁定钛板治疗AO/ASIFC型桡骨远端骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨腕关节掌侧切口和解剖型钛板治疗AO/ASIF C型桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2011年6月采用腕掌侧切口和解剖型钛板治疗AO/ASIF C型桡骨远端骨折47例,其中C1型17例、C2型21例、C3型9例,均为闭合性骨折.结果 31例患者术后获平均1.5年(1～2.3年)的随访.患者中未发生感染、内固定松动断裂、腕管综合征、肌腱激惹、正中神经损伤等并发症,未见骨延迟愈合和骨不连.术后1年平均掌倾角为(7.5±1.8)°,尺偏角为(19.8±2.7)°.按照改良McBride评价标准评定:优18例,良10例,可3例;优良率为90.3％.结论 经掌侧切口解剖型钛板治疗AO/ASIF C型桡骨远端骨折,术后并发症少,有利于早期功能锻炼,是治疗C型桡骨远端骨折的较好方法.     

损伤早期与延期带锁髓内钉结合钢板治疗胫骨AO/ASIF-42C2型多段骨折的病例对照研究

目的:比较损伤早期与延期带锁髓内钉结合钢板治疗AO/ASIF-42C2型胫骨多段骨折的临床效果.方法:2010年1月至2013年1月,采用带锁髓内钉结合钢板治疗闭合性AO/ASIF-42C2型胫骨多段骨折45例患者,根据手术时机,将患者分为两组,早期组20例,早期接受带锁髓内钉结合钢板手术,男13例,女7例,年龄20～56岁,平均(37.9±14.3)岁;按照Tscherne软组织损伤分型:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级12例.延期组25例,延期接受带锁髓内钉结合钢板手术,男17例,女8例;年龄24～55岁,平均(38.7±17.2)岁;其中TscherneⅠ级4例,Ⅱ级19例,Ⅲ级2例.记录两组的手术时间,术中出血量,住院时间,骨折愈合时间及并发症等.末次随访中采用Johner-Wruhs标准评价患者的功能疗效,采用正侧位X线片评估骨折复位维持及对线情况.结果:所有患者术后获得随访,早期组与延期组的平均随访时间分别为(12.5±2.5)个月和(13.2±2.8)个月,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组术后未发生伤口感染等软组织并发症,末次随访患者膝关节平均活动度10°-0°-120°.按照Johner-Wruhs评价疗效:早期组优15例,良3例,可2例;延期组优21例,良2例,可2例.两组的平均手术时间、术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但早期组的住院时间显着短于延期组(P<0.05).早期组与延期组的平均骨折愈合时间分别为(5.3±2.6)个月和(6.0±2.9)个月,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:对于术前软组织损伤较轻的TscherneⅠ、Ⅱ级AO/ASIF-42C2 型胫骨多段骨折,早期行带锁髓内钉结合钢板治疗并不会增加患者的术后软组织并发症发生率,可实现与延期相当的临床效果.