富硒龙康饮抗肿瘤的实验研究

研究了富硒龙康饮对小鼠肉瘤Ｓ１８０和艾氏实体瘤生长的影响及其对荷腹水型肝癌（ＨｅｐＡ）小鼠生存期的影响。结果表明：对肉瘤Ｓ１８０和艾氏实体瘤有明显的抑制作用，抑制率分别为６２．７９％、５６．３９％，与生理盐水对照组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。对荷腹水型肝癌小鼠生存期有延长作用，延长率１３．８３％～３６．０８％。经亚急性毒性实验本品无毒性。     

饮用天然矿泉水对小鼠移植性肿瘤生长的抑制作用

＂以肿瘤抑制率＂为指标,观察了饮用天然矿泉水对小鼠艾氏腹水癌（实体型和腹水型）和小鼠肉瘤１８０（实体型）生长的抑制作用,结果揭示,饮用天然矿泉水对艾氏腹水癌（实体型）和肉瘤１８０（实体型）的生长均有抑制作用,抑制率分别为３９．６％和３７．５％。实验组平均瘤重分别与对照组平均瘤重比较,经七检验,有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００２）和显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

独角莲油微乳的抗肿瘤作用

目的研制独角莲油微乳,并评价其对小鼠肉瘤S180及小鼠艾氏腹水癌的抑制作用。方法采用索氏提取器,以二氯甲烷为溶媒,提取独角莲油;以PEG—DSPE为表面活性剂,制备独角莲挥发油微乳;用扫描电镜观察其形态;建立小鼠肉瘤S180和小鼠艾氏腹水癌模型,评价其对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用。结果独角莲油微乳,粒径大约100nm。采用静脉注射给药途径,独角莲油微乳具有显著地抑制小鼠S180肉瘤的生长速度,延长荷有艾氏腹水癌的小鼠的生命的作用。结论独角莲油微乳,大小均匀,具有显著地抗肿瘤作用。     

康莱胶囊对荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的探讨康莱胶囊抗肿瘤作用.方法采用动物移植性肿瘤实验法;康莱胶囊以低剂量(20 g生药/kg/d)和高剂量(40 g生药/kg/d)灌胃荷瘤(肉瘤180(S180)、艾氏腹水癌(EAC)、Lewis肺癌)小鼠.结果康莱胶囊对小鼠S180有明显抑制作用,抑瘤率平均分别是20.69%(低剂量用药组,P<0.05)和36.59%(高剂量用药组,P<0.05).高剂量康莱胶囊能明显延长EA·C小鼠的生存时间;低、高剂量用药组对EAC小鼠腹水癌细胞抑制率平均分别是23.99%(P<0.05)和39.41%(P<0.05).康莱胶囊对小鼠Lewis肺癌有抑制作用及抗转移作用,但作用不显著.结论康莱胶囊具有抗瘤效应,并有一定的抗瘤谱.     

肿瘤血管生长因子抑制剂的研究

目的 探讨低分子多糖对肿瘤血管生长因子的抑制作用。方法 血管生长因子抑制试验采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜法。体内抑瘤试验选用肉瘤S-180、肝癌H22、艾氏腹水癌等瘤株，灌胃给药，每天1次，连续10d，观察对实体瘤的抑制作用及对艾氏腹水癌的生命延长作用。体外细胞毒试验选用K562白血病、Hela宫颈癌细胞株，采用体外细胞毒试验(MTT)法，计算对肿瘤细胞株平均细胞生长抑制率及对细胞生长的抑制浓度。结果 低分子多糖能明显抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜的肿瘤血管生成，对内瘤S-180的抑制率在31．7％—51．2％，对肝癌H22的抑制率在30．1％—52．1％，对艾氏腹水癌及肝癌H22腹水癌作用不明显。对K562白血病细胞株，低分子多糖的半数抑制浓度IC50为20μg／m1，对Hela宫颈癌细胞株的半数抑制浓度IC50为23．4μg／m1。结论 低分子多糖是较好的肿瘤血管生长因子抑制剂，对肿瘤细胞株体内抑瘤试验、体外细胞毒试验均有明显的抑制作用。     

混合新鲜生蔬菜汁对小鼠艾氏腹水癌（实体型）及肉瘤180（实体型）生长的抑制作用

以“肿瘤抑制率”为指标，观察不同剂量（５０％和７５％）混合新鲜生蔬菜汁（小白菜、菠菜、莴苣叶）对小鼠艾氏腹水癌（实体型）和肉瘤１８０（实体型）的抑制作用。结果提示，菜汁对艾氏腹水癌（实体型）的抑制率，两剂量组分别为２９．４４％和３８．８３％；对肉瘤１８０（实体型）抑制率，两剂量组分别为２８．７０％和４３．３６％。混合蔬菜汁对两种不同的肿瘤抑制率均随剂量的增加而增强。     

混合新鲜生蔬菜汁对小鼠艾氏腹水癌（实体型）及肉瘤180（实…

以“肿瘤抑制率”为指标，观察不同剂量（５０％和７５％）混合新鲜生蔬菜汁（小白菜、菠菜、莴苣叶）对小鼠艾氏腹水癌（实体型）和肉瘤１８０（实体型）的抑制作用。结果提示，菜汁对艾氏腹水癌（实体型）的抑制率，两剂量组分别为２９．４４％和３８．８３％；对肉瘤１８０（＊实体型）抑制率，两剂量组分别为２８．７０％和４３．３６％。混合蔬菜汁对两种不同的肿瘤抑制率均随剂量的增加而增强。     

酸豆乳及酸牛乳对实验肿瘤生长和转移的影响

用含有咕热链球菌和咕酸乳酸杆菌(shahani株)的菌种发酵制备的酸豆乳和酸牛乳喂饲接仲肉瘤180、艾氏腹水癌和路易氏肺癌的小鼠。与对照组和单纯豆乳组比较,酸豆乳和酸牛乳对小鼠肉瘤180及艾氏腹水癌均有明显抑制作用(P<0.05)。但对路易氏肺癌自发性肺转移无影响。本研究的发现表明,这些发酵的豆或乳类制品含有某些抗肿瘤成分,也为推广食用酸豆乳和酸牛乳提供了实验依据。     

八月札水提物对H_(22)荷瘤鼠血清总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

目的研究八月札水提取物对H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠血清中T-AOC(血清总抗氧化能力)、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性和MDA(丙二醛)含量的影响。方法将4只小鼠接种鼠肝癌H22细胞株制成腹水型瘤源鼠,7 d后处死瘤源鼠稀释其腹水并接种于实验小鼠制成荷瘤鼠,将H22荷瘤鼠随机分成6组,每组15只,雌雄各半;接种次日,随即各实验组灌胃中药、凉开水连续给药12 d,隔日称体重1次,停药次日处死动物并进行指标检测。结果药物大剂量+环磷酰胺组肿瘤抑制率最高为60.0%,该组SOD含量(237.12±22.18)μ/ml,T-AOC含量(12.59±2.14)μ/ml,MDA含量(4.72±1.99)nmol/l。结论八月札水提物能够明显抑制荷瘤鼠体内肿瘤生长,具体机制可能与有效改善小鼠体内氧自由基代谢有关。     

青紫薯色素抗肿瘤作用及毒理学实验研究

目的研究青紫薯色素抗肿瘤作用并对其毒性进行安全性评价。方法以小鼠肉瘤S180瘤株和小鼠肝癌H22瘤株为实验对象,每日分别灌胃给予阳性药呋喃氟尿嘧啶及150、75和37.5mg的青紫薯色素,通过计算肿瘤抑制率观察青紫薯色素的体内抗肿瘤作用;通过亚慢性毒性试验以及骨髓微核试验、Ames试验对青紫薯色素进行毒理学评价。结果青紫薯色素灌胃,每日150、75mg剂量对小鼠肉瘤S180的抑瘤率分别为45.04%和36.64%,37.5mg剂量无抑瘤作用;青紫薯色素每日150mg剂量对小鼠肝癌H22有明显抑制作用,抑瘤率达33.33%;青紫薯色素1000mg/(kg.d)灌胃对大鼠未见明显毒性反应;在骨髓微核试验、Ames试验中均呈阴性结果。结论青紫薯色素对小鼠移植瘤有抑制作用,基本无毒性,无致突变作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.