Microbial Aspects of Anaerobic BTEX Degradation

Combined with conventional methods, developments in both geochemical (delineation of redox processes) and molecular microbial methods (analysis of 16S rDNA genes and functional genes) have allowed us to study in details microorganisms and genes involved in the anaerobic degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) under specific redox conditions. This review summarizes recent research in this field. The potential for anaerobic BTEX degradation is widely spread. Specific groups of microorganisms appear to be involved in degradation under different redox conditions. Members of the Azoarcus/Thauera cluster perform BTEX degradation under denitrifying conditions, Geobacteraceae under Fe (III) reducing conditions and Desulfobacteriaceae under sulfate reducing conditions. The information so far obtained on biochemistry and molecular genetics of BTEX degradation indicates that each BTEX compound is funneled into the central benzyol-CoA pathway by a different peripheral pathway. The peripheral pathways of per BTEX compound show similarities among different physiological groups of microorganisms. We also describe how knowledge obtained on the microbial aspects of BTEX degradation can be used to enhance and monitor anaerobic BTEX degradation.     

Microbial Degradation of Quinoline： Kinetics Study With Burkholderia picekttii

Objective To investigate the kinetics of quinoline biodegradation by Burkholderia pickttii,a Gram negative rod-shaped aerobe, isolated in our laboratory.Methods HPLC (Hewlett-Packard model 5050 with an UV detector) was used for the analysis of quinoline concentration. GC/MS method was used to identify the intermediate metabolites of quinoline degradation. Results The biodegradation of quinoline was inhibited by quinoline at a high concentration, and the degradation process could be described by the Haldane model. The kinetic parameters based on Haldane substrate inhibition were cvaluatcd.The values were Vmax=0.44h^-1,Ks=166.7mg/L,Ki= 650mg/L,respectively The quinoline concentration to avoid substrate inhibition was inferred theoretically and determined to be 329mg/L.Conclusion The biodegradation of quinoline conforms to the Haldane inhibition model and the main intermediate metabolite of qulnoline biodegradation is 2-hydroxy-quinoline.     

温州市海洋贝类微生物污染状况的调查

目的 调查温州市海洋贝类微生物污染状况.方法 2009年7月在温州沿岸地区抽取100份贝类样品进行微生物检测.结果 在100份样品中,有67份不同程度地受到微生物污染,占总数的70%,合格率仅为30%.其中污染最为严重的是大肠菌群,占超标总数的61.4%,其次为沙门氏菌占18.6%,副溶血性弧菌占15.7%,李斯特菌占4.3%;也有少部分贝类产品是因细菌总数超标,占总数的6%.结论 微生物性污染对温州海洋贝类在一定程度上构成了威胁.     

微生态疗法治疗128例细菌性阴道病的临床分析

目的：探讨微生态疗法治疗细菌性阴道病的临床应用。方法：将在我校附院门诊就诊的细菌性阴道病患者随机分成两组：A组64例,B组64例;A组给予常规治疗,B组均常规治疗后加用微生态疗法治疗,观察并比较两组治疗结束后的有效率,并于下次月经干净后复查,观察各组的复发率。结果：治疗结束后,细菌性阴道病的治疗有效率,A组92.2%,B组96.9%,P〉0.25;复发率,A组23.7%,B组1.6%,P〈0.005。结论：微生态疗法联合阴道常规治疗的方法治疗细菌性阴道病,疗效好,而且复发率低。     

微生态疗法联合甲硝唑治疗128例细菌性阴道病的疗效观察

目的探讨微生态疗法联合甲硝唑治疗细菌性阴道病的疗效。方法将在我校附院门诊就诊的128例细菌性阴道病患者随机分成两组,每组64例,A组为对照组,给予常规治疗,甲硝唑栓400 mg阴道放药,每晚1次,连用7 d;B组为治疗组,均常规治疗后加用微生态疗法治疗,乳酸杆菌活菌胶囊,每晚放入阴道深部,共5 d。观察并比较两组治疗结束后的有效率,并于治疗结束后及治愈后3月内进行复查,观察各组的复发率。结果治疗结束后细菌性阴道病治疗有效率A组92.2%,B组96.9%,两组有效率无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;复发率A组23.7%,B组1.6%,两组有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论微生态疗法联合甲硝唑治疗细菌性阴道病疗效好,而且复发率低。     

苯胺类化合物急性中毒所致泌尿系统损害的超声诊断

目的 探讨苯胺类化合物急性中毒所致膀胱内凝血块的B超下特点。方法 回顾性分析9例苯胺类化合物急性中毒致泌尿系统损害患者的临床及B超资料。结果 9例患者中7例B超诊断为膀胱内凝血块和膀胱炎可能,2例被B超误诊为肿瘤可能。结合病史和膀胱镜检查9例患者最后均被确诊为膀胱内凝血块。结论 苯胺类化合物急性中毒所致的膀胱凝血块B超图像不典型,易被误诊。     

Microbial Degradation of Aniline by Bacterial Consortium

Objective To investigate the characteristics of microbial degradation of aniline by a stable bacterial consortium. Methods The bacterial consortium was isolated from activated sludge treating chemical wastewater using aniline as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen by enrichment and isolation technique. The biomass was measured as optical density (OD) at 510 nm using a spectrophotometer. Aniline concentrations were determined by spectrophotometer. The intermediates of aniline degradation were identified by GC/MS method. Results The bacterial consortium could grow at a range of aniline concentrations between 50 and 500 mg/L. The optimal pH and temperature for aniline degradation were determined to be 7.0 and 30, respectively. The presence of NH_4NO_3 as an additional nitrogen source (100-500 mg/L) had no adverse effect on bacterial growth and aniline degradation. The presence of heavy metal ions, such as Co~(2 ), Zn~(2 ), Ni~(2 ), Mn~(2 ) and Cu~(2 ) had an inhibitory effect on aniline degradation. Con     

短刺小克银汉霉菌对哈尔明碱的代谢转化

目的：建立哈尔明碱的微生物转化模型并鉴定转化产物结构。方法：选用丝状真菌短刺小克银汉霉菌AS 3.153对哈尔明碱进行代谢转化研究。结果：得到两种（H1和H2）代谢产物,经鉴定,H1为哈尔酚,H2为氮羟基哈尔明碱。结论：短刺小克银汉霉菌AS 3.153是对哈尔明碱转化的理想微生物模型。通过建立的方法可收集到一定量的代谢产物,为进一步研究药理学和毒理学奠定基础。     

微生物酶法生产果糖低聚糖

介绍了一种简便易行的制备果三糖标准品的方法。研究得出曲霉６．２２２胞内,胞外酶均具有活性,最佳酶反应条件为：ｐＨ６．０,温度５０℃,时间６０ｍｉｎ。最佳初始蔗糖逍度为２５０ｇ／Ｌ。由曲霉６．２２２发酵制备的酶溶液稳定性良好。     

配偶权及其侵权民事救济

配偶权是男女两性依法结为夫妻后,相互间基于配偶身份所享有对配偶利益的专属支配权.配偶权是夫妻关系中最基本的权利,是身份权的一种,是权利义务一体性的权利.配偶权派生出夫妻名义权、住所决定权、同居义务、贞操忠实义务、日常事物代理权等权利与义务.根据侵害配偶权的主体来源不同,侵害配偶权可分为两种类型:外部侵权型和内部侵权型.两种类型侵权行为的民事救济各不相同,受害方可根据不同的类型,请求给予民事救济.     

苯胺致小鼠肝细胞和淋巴细胞DNA损伤及其修复效应

【摘要】 目的 为研究苯胺的遗传毒性及其修复动力学效应。 方法 应用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)技术,检测了100 mg/kg苯胺单次灌胃3 h、8 h、16 h、24 h、32 h后,对KM小鼠肝细胞和淋巴细胞DNA损伤及时效关系。 结果 SCGE实验结果显示肝细胞从8 h开始尾长和尾矩逐渐增大,至16 hDNA损伤程度达到最大,相比对照组差异显著（P<0.01）,随着时间的延长,DNA损伤程度逐渐减轻,在32 h DNA损伤已恢复正常,与对照组没有显著性差异（P>0.05）;而淋巴细胞则在16 h开始尾长和尾矩逐渐增大,24 h时达到最大,32 h时DNA损伤逐渐恢复。 结论 苯胺对肝细胞和淋巴细胞具有潜在的遗传毒性;2个DNA损伤指标的变化存在明显的时间效应关系,说明这两种细胞具有有效DNA修复机制。     

液体发酵法合成高纯度的透明质酸

目的：用液体发酵法在实验室阶段合成透明质酸。方法：菌种经筛选，增菌后发酵，发酵过程中用无机氮源和氨基酸代替传统的天然氮源，控制溶液的pH，温度和搅拌速度。终发酵液用化学方法提取。结果：每升发酵液经一次提取即可获得1.5g较为纯净的粗品。结论：经鉴定，所得粗品的纯度明显高于普通发酵法，可直接用作化妆品基质，本法降低了原材料成本和下游提取成本，为透明质酸的工业化生产提供了一条新途径。     

含氟苯胺衍生物的合成

【目的】以硼氢化钠与碘的生成物为还原剂，在四氢呋喃溶剂中还原三氟酰胺类化合物，合成重要有机和药物中间体三氟乙基苯胺衍生物。【方法】在相关献基础上，本作将合成方法确定为一条以苯胺和六氟丙酮为起始原料，经芳香环的亲电加成反应，氨基的三氟乙酰化反应和温和的还原反应共三步合成了的目标化合物。【结果】以四氢铝锂作为还原剂进行的实验证明得不到所需要的化合物，是由于其碱性较强所致，而改进的还原方法却能得到最终产物，且产率满意。【结论】本法较献报导的方法安全，方便，收率高，为三氟乙酰胺类化合物的还原提供了新的方法。     

高通量测序研究种植体周围炎龈下微生物多样性

目的 利用高通量测序,研究口腔种植体周围炎龈下微生物的多样性,为种植体周围炎微生物学病因的研究提供思路。方法 刮取种植体周围炎患者(D组)及正常种植修复患者（N组）龈下菌斑,利用Illumina Miseq 测序平台,对16S rRNA V4区进行双端测序;通过Mothur等软件进行群落结构的多样性分析。结果 9个样本总测156 507条序列,共4 402个操作分类单位(OTU);在D组中的优势菌属为:新月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)及梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)等,在N组中的优势菌属为:梭杆菌属、韦荣球菌属 (Veillonella)及链球菌属(Streptococcus)等;PcoA检测显示两组微生物群落结构差异明显。LEfSe检测发现,在门、纲、目、科及属的水平上,两组均具有差异。结论 种植体周围炎的发生发展不仅是牙周炎相关致病微生物的作用,而且与口腔微生物群落结构中菌属的变化有关;密螺旋体属(Treponema)、草螺菌属(Herbaspirillum)、Butyricimona及Phaeobacter等菌属在种植体周围炎及健康患者中存在差异,提示它们可能与种植体周围炎的发生发展密切相关。     

Study on degradation kinetics of epalrestat in aqueous solutions and characterization of its major degradation products under stress degradation conditions by UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS

Drug stability is closely related to drug safety and needs to be considered in the process of drug production, package and storage. To investigate the stability of epalrestat, a carboxylic acid derivative, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed in this study and applied to analyzing the degradation kinetics of epalrestat in aqueous solutions in various conditions, such as different pH, temperatures, ionic strengths, oxidation and irradiation. The calibration curve was A = 1.6 × 10⁵C–1.3 × 10³ (r = 0.999) with the liner range of 0.5–24 μg/mL, the intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 2.0%, as was the repeatibility. The average accuracy for different concentrations was more than 98.5%, indicating that perfect recoveries were achieved. Degradation kinetic parameters such as degradation rate constants (k), activation energy (Ea) and shelf life (t_0.9) under different conditions were calculated and discussed. The results indicated that the degradation behavior of epalrestat was pH-dependent and the stability of epalrestat decreased with the rised irradiation and ionic strength; however, it was more stable in neutral and alkaline conditions as well as lower temperatures. The results showed that the degradation kinetics of epalrestat followed first-order reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the degradation products of epalrestat under stress conditions were identified by UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS, with seven degradation products being detected and four of them being tentatively identified.     

十溴联苯醚微生物降解的研究进展

本文综述了国内外十溴联苯醚微生物降解的研究进展,主要包括微生物好氧降解、微生物厌氧降解、零价铁-微生物降解和光-微生物降解。在此基础上,提出十溴联苯醚微生物降解研究中存在的问题,并对十溴联苯醚微生物处理方法的相关研究进行展望。     

16S rRNA基因克隆文库用于菌群分析的效能研究和评价

目的建立16S rRNA基因克隆文库进行菌群相对定量的方法,评价其对细菌的检测效率以及对混合菌群中低含量细菌的分析能力。方法取脆弱类杆菌等9种细菌以相同及级差比例制备细菌悬液,分别用或不用变溶菌素处理后,用试剂盒提取核酸,16S rRNA基因通用引物进行PCR扩增、纯化、连接、克隆和测序,建立16S rRNA基因克隆文库,将序列与数据库进行比对分析。结果相同比例制备的菌悬液,加或不加变溶菌素提取的核酸,掺入的9种细菌均可检出。级差比例制备的菌悬液,加变溶菌素提取核酸,掺入的9种细菌均可检出;不加变溶菌素提取核酸,数量少难裂解的革兰阳性菌双歧杆菌未能检出。混合菌悬液中各种细菌的比例与文库反映的各种细菌的比例有数量对应关系,但不是线性对应关系。结论16S rRNA基因序列分析是一种较好的细菌菌群分析方法,它可以同时检出多种细菌,并能对混合细菌标本进行菌群相对定量,反映菌群中各种细菌的丰度,但不能准确定量菌群中各种细菌的数量。     

植物病原真菌灰葡萄孢A23产生脱落酸的研究

从南京蔬菜研究所植物病株上分离到一株真菌,经过鉴定为灰葡萄孢（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓｃｉｎｅｒｅａ）突变株,命名为Ａ２３。该菌在ＰＤＡ培养基上发酵培养,通过分离纯化,得到脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）结晶。通过在５种溶媒系统进行薄层层析,并经过特异性显色反应鉴定,该结晶为脱落酸。通过优化发酵条件,找到最适培养温度２８℃,并对Ａ２３菌进行各种波长光照培养试验,使ＡＢＡ产量大幅度提高,其产率达到３．９２ｍｇ／１００ｇＰＤＡ。