缓释型前列腺素E2栓用于足月妊娠引产的临床观察

目的 :研究缓释型前列腺素E2 栓用于足月妊娠引产的有效性及安全性。方法 :随机单盲安慰剂对照研究。选择 2 0例 2 5～ 34岁单胎足月无引产禁忌证产妇 ,随机分为用药组 (10人 )和安慰剂组 (10人 )。记录宫颈Bishop评分、用药至临产时间、2 4小时引产成功率、经阴道分娩率、新生儿Apgar评分和产后出血量等。结果 :用药组 4小时宫颈成熟 ,用药至临产平均 8小时 5 5分钟 ,引产成功 9例 ,经阴道分娩率 7例 ,新生儿Apgar评分 1分钟全部 10分 ,产后出血量平均15 5ml;安慰剂组宫颈无变化 ,引产全部失败。结论 :首次于国内通过小样本临床观察后 ,认为缓释型前列腺素E2 栓用于足月引产效果好 ,副反应小 ,使用方便而安全     

不同剂量米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产效果观察

目的　评价米索前列醇（简称米索）用于晚期妊娠引产的效果,探讨其安全有效剂量。　方法　将１２０例有引产指征的单胎头位晚期妊娠产妇随机分为米索组和催产素作为对照组各６０例。米索组分为单次口服米索１００ μｇ 及米索５０ μｇ两组,如４～６小时后未建立有效宫缩可重复用药。于用药前及用药后１２小时进行宫颈Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ 评分、胎心监护、用药至临产时间、羊水性状、新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分等。用药后４８小时内临产为引产成功。　结果　用药后１２小时米索组宫颈Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ 评分平均增加４．８分,明显高于对照组（１．１分）;米索组引产成功率９７％ （５８／６０）,明显高于对照组的５２％ （３１／６０）。两组胎心监护异常及胎儿窘迫发生率、新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分、总产程及产后出血量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。两种剂量米索的促宫颈成熟及引产成功率无显著差异,但１００ μｇ 组有４例仅用药１次即出现宫缩过频,５０ μｇ 组无一例宫缩过频。　结论　米索前列醇为有效快速的促宫颈成熟剂,引产成功率高,使用方便。安全、有效的剂量为５０ μｇ／次     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产的效果观察

目的：探讨米非司酮醇配伍米索前列醇在晚期妊娠引产中的作用。方法；对６８例妊娠３８－４１周的正常孕妇有引产指征者，分别在１－３日服和米非司酮１５０－２００ｍｇ，并地用药前的观察吕颈长度及宫颈评分的变化。同时检测血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）及孕酮（Ｐ）的水平。第４日分次加服米索胶列醇１００－３００μｇ，观察引产效果。结果：服用米非司酮后宫颈缩短１３ｃｍ，Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分提高了４－５分，Ｅ２明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１     

足月妊娠胎膜早破引产时机的探讨

目的探讨足月妊娠胎膜早破产妇的最佳引产时机。方法足月妊娠胎膜早破192例,①对于宫颈成熟,Bishop评分≥6分,破膜12h未临产者缩宫素引产(A组)81例;②宫颈不成熟,Bishop评分<6分,等待破膜24h未临产者缩宫素引产(B组)63例;③Bishop评分<6分,破膜12h未临产者缩宫素引产(C组)48例。对三组分娩方式及发生的母儿并发症进行回顾性分析。结果阴道分娩率A组较B组、C组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);阴道产钳助产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组较C组产时并发症明显减少,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.526,P=0.002)。结论胎膜早破患者在无其他产科合并症时,宫颈成熟,可在破膜12h引产;宫颈不成熟,可期待至破膜24h后再行引产。     

应用会阴B超检测宫颈成熟度预测前列腺素E2引产效果的价值

目的评价会阴Ｂ超检测宫颈成熟度对预测前列腺素Ｅ２凝胶引产效果的价值。方法用会阴Ｂ超和指检法检测１０５例初产妇宫颈的成熟状况,记录引产潜伏期（引产至临产的时间）,并进行Ｃｏｘ模型多因素分析。结果会阴Ｂ超检查简单直观,较少引起孕妇不适感;宫颈长度、内口开大程度和先露高低是引产潜伏期的影响因素（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｂ超评分≥－４５的孕妇易在１２小时内临产（Ｐ＜０．００１）;预测结果与观察实际结果一致性很好,误诊较少（Ｋａｐｐａ值、特异性和阳性预测值依次为０．７４０９、０．７９１７、０．９２５４）,均优于Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分（相应结果为０．５６８０、０．６６６７、０８８０６）。结论会阴Ｂ超安全有效,其宫颈成熟度评分预测前列腺素Ｅ２凝胶引产难易程度效果较好。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于死胎引产效果观察

目的 探讨米非司酮配伍米索前列醇在死胎引产中的作用。方法 对５１例妊娠２０￣４２周的死胎孕妇引产分别在１￣２日服用米非司酮,总量１５０￣２００ｍｇ,并于用药前后观察宫颈长度及宫颈评分的变化,第３日晨口眼米索前列醇６００μｇ观察引产效果。结果 服用米非司酮后宫颈缩短１￣３ｃｍ（Ｐ〈０．０５）,Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分提高４￣５分,宫颈成熟有效率达１００．００％,引产成功率达９８．０４％。结论 应用米非司酮配     

米索前列醇用于促宫颈成熟和引产

米索前列醇是近年应用于临床的促宫颈成熟和引产药物，与以往常用的前列腺素Ｅ２和催产互比较，米索前列醇的优点为：宫颈Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分提高快；用药开始至阴道分娩的时间短；引产成功率明显提高；用药方便而价格较ＰＧＥ２低约１００倍，但在应用剂量偏大时可能引起宫缩过强和胎儿窘迫。今后研究的方向是探索其合理的用药剂量和用药间隔时间。     

蓖麻油引产餐对妊娠大鼠体内前列腺素E2合成的影响

了解蓖麻油引产餐和蓖麻油中活性成分蓄麻酸对妊娠大鼠体内前列腺素Ｅ２合成的影响,探讨蓖麻油引产餐的引产机理。方法将妊娠１８天的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分实验组和对照组各８只,实验组大鼠每天两次灌服引产餐,灌服４次后剖杀大鼠收集门静脉,末梢血, 盘,羊膜组织及制备半膜细胞进行体外培养。     

地诺前列酮栓用于不同宫颈条件孕产妇引产疗效及安全性研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨地诺前列酮栓用于不同宫颈条件孕产妇引产的疗效和安全性。方法将广东省珠江三角洲地区10家医院2010年1月至2014年12月收治的798例使用地诺前列酮栓进行孕晚期引产的病例作为研究组,选取同期496例单纯使用缩宫素引产的病例作为对照组。根据宫颈Bishop评分及是否为初产妇进行分层分析,研究地诺前列酮栓用于不同宫颈条件下的孕产妇引产的疗效及安全性。结果研究组宫颈Bishop评分4~6分的经产妇用药后24 h经阴道分娩率高于对照组(81.82%vs.66.04%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.013);研究组宫颈Bishop评分4~6分的初产妇宫缩过频、过强发生率高于对照组(4.65%vs.0.99%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。余不良反应各组比较差异无统计学意义。新生儿出生后1、5 min Apgar评分<7分发生率各组比较差异无统计学意义。结论孕晚期地诺前列酮栓引产的临床疗效及安全性与缩宫素相似,是一种安全有效的引产方法。     

地诺前列酮用于足月妊娠计划分娩三种给药方法的临床研究

目的:探讨地诺前列酮(普贝生)重复给药、延长给药用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及引产的有效性及安全性。方法:选取正常单胎头位足月妊娠,具有引产指征而无使用前列腺素禁忌证的孕妇148例,使用普贝生引产。常规给药组60例:给药1次,放药时间≤12h。重复给药组48例:连续给药2次,第1次放药时间12h,第2次放药时间≤12h;延长给药组40例:给药1次,放药时间12～24h;3组孕妇在给药前、给药后6h、12h及24h经阴道检查进行宫颈Bishop评分,观察给药至出现临产的时间、总产程、阴道分娩率、缩宫素使用率、产后24h出血量和新生儿体重、Apgar评分及有无不良反应等。结果:用药后24h常规给药组促宫颈成熟显效率最高(66.7%),重复给药组引产有效率最高(87.5%),用药至临产的时间以常规给药组为最短(16.9±8.05h)。3组中重复给药组总产程最短,阴道分娩率最高,缩宫素使用率最低。产后出血量、新生儿体重及新生儿Apgar评分3组无显著差异。常规给药组和延长给药组中各有1例因不良反应终止用药,停药后反应消失。结论:普贝生用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟有效率及引产成功率高,重复给药可改善单次用药临产率较低的情况,亦安全有效。延长药物放置时间可在一定程度上进一步促进宫颈成熟。     

Using of Misoprostol for preinduction and induction of labor in term pregnancy

Labour induction is frequently indicated in women with an unfavourable cervix. Oxytocin and prostaglandins are the most common drugs used for labour induction. Induction of labour with prostaglandins offers the advantage of promoting both cervical ripening and myometrial contractility. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy intravaginal administration prostaglandin E1 methyl analogue, misoprostol in cervical ripening and induction of labour in term pregnancy and in women with unfavourable cervix (Bishop score < = 4). The approval for this study was given by the Board of Medical Ethics, University Medical School of Lublin in Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 64 women with indication for termination of pregnancy received either misoprostol (Cytotec-Searle) vaginally (group M, n = 30) or intravenous drip infusion of oxytocin(group Ox, n = 34). We evaluated profile of the studied women (gravidity, weight, height, maternal age, gestational age), effectiveness and safety of the misoprostol and need for oxytocin administration in group M, start of induction-to-active labour interval (contractions), start of induction-to-vaginal delivery interval, hyperstimulation syndrome, delivery within 24 hours of drug application and caesarean section rate. Before starting labour induction a Bishop score was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed. Baseline and outcome variables were tested with student's t-test and c2 analysis. We needed p < 0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: There were no differences in the patient profiles (gravidity, weight, height, maternal age, gestational age) between groups except the score of cervical ripening. The Bishop score before induction was lower in group M. The interval between the initiation of induction to active labour was shorter in the misoprostol group (334.23 +/- 126.35 versus 610.00 +/- 352.14 minutes). The mean time between the initiation of induction to delivery was shorter in group M (707.69 +/- 341.15 +/- versus 1025.77 +/- 369.16 minutes). These differences were statistically significant. 28 (93.33%) patients in the misoprostol group delivered within 24 hours compared with 24 (70.59%) women in the oxytocin group. 8 patients in the misoprostol group and 8 patient in the oxytocin group had caesarean section. Labor induction was successful in 30 (100%) women in the misoprostol group compared with 24 (70.59%) patients in the group Ox. CONCLUSIONS: Intravaginal misoprostol is an effective, easy to use and cheap drug for the induction of labour, especially for cervical ripening in women with unfavourable cervix (Bishop score < = 4).     

三种引产方法的前瞻性比较研究

目的：前瞻性研究米索前列醇（Ｍｉｓｏ）、低位水囊（ＬＰＷＢ）及小剂量催产素（ＯＸ）静脉滴注３种引产方法的有效性及对母、婴的影响。方法：将１２４例单胎、头位、、宫颈Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分＜５分、足月妊娠初产妇随机分为３组：Ｍｉｓｏ组４１例，ＬＰＷＢ组４３例，ＯＸ组４０例；３种方法引产后，如宫颈Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分≥７分，则行人工破膜术。结果：ＬＰＷＢ组及Ｍｉｓｏ组较ＯＸ组、宫颈Bｉｓｈｏｐ评分＜５分显著提高（Ｐ＜０．００１，P＜０．０１），引产到临产时间明显缩短（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５），但３组间母、婴并发症差异无显著性。结论：对宫颈不成熟孕妇采用ＬＰＷＢ及Ｍｉｓｏ引产安全、有效、经济，可靠，ＯＸ静脉滴注引产不宜作为首选引产方法     

Role of prostaglandin-induced cervical changes in labor induction

The role of the cervix in labor induction has been studied in a previous report. Cervical preparation by mechanical methods did not alter the course of induced labor. The same hypothesis is further elucidated in the present study using prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories for cervical preparation. Forty-seven pregnant women near term with Bishop scores of 4 or less were divided into three study groups: control subjects, oxytocin-treated patients, and prostaglandin group. A 12-hour preparation phase procedure was carried out to produce cervical and/or myometrial changes. All women had continuous measurement of uterine activity by an extraovular catheter. At the end of the preparation phase, the Bishop score was reevaluated, amniotomy carried out in all patients, and oxytocin infusion either started or continued. Although prostaglandin and oxytocin both significantly changed the cervix, oxytocin had the shortest induction-to-delivery interval, though the prostaglandin-treated group required lower concentrations of oxytocin. The authors conclude that with rigid control of Bishop score and timing of amniotomy and oxytocin infusion rates, prostaglandin-induced cervical changes alone did not uniquely benefit labor induction in the doses used, or within the time frame of the study.     

Preinduction cervical ripening. A randomized trial of intravaginal misoprostol alone vs. a combination of transcervical Foley balloon and intravaginal misoprostol.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the addition of a mechanical ripening agent (transcervical Foley balloon) to a pharmacologic agent (intravaginal misoprostol) improves the efficiency of preinduction cervical ripening. STUDY DESIGN: Singleton patients with an indication for delivery, unfavorable cervix (Bishop score < or = 5) and no contraindication to labor were randomly assigned to two groups: misoprostol alone (25 micrograms intravaginally every 3 hours for no more than 12 hr) or combination therapy (25-French transcervical Foley balloon inflated to 50 mL of sterile water with identical intravaginal misoprostol dosing). All patients received a history and physical examination (including Bishop score), preripening ultrasound, electronic fetal heart rate and contraction monitoring (to rule out spontaneous labor and document fetal well-being). Multiple variables of perinatal outcome were analyzed, including the main outcome variables of ripening-to-delivery time and cesarean section rate. RESULTS: During August 1998 to August 1999, 81 patients were randomized, 40 to misoprostol alone and 41 to combination therapy. There were no differences between the groups with respect to maternal demographics, preripening Bishop score, maternal complications, intrapartum intervention or neonatal outcome. The misoprostol group spent longer periods of time in active labor, and there was a trend for the combination group to require oxytocin for longer intervals. These findings did not significantly affect the total ripening-to-delivery time or cesarean section rate which were similar for both groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of mechanical ripening with a transcervical Foley balloon to intravaginal misoprostol did not improve the efficiency of preinduction cervical ripening. Mechanical and pharmacologic cervical ripening agents appear to act independently rather than synergistically.     

Comparison of prostaglandin E2 and intravenous oxytocin for induction of labor

One hundred nulliparas at term were randomly given oxytocin intravenously or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel (0.5 mg PGE2) intracervically in order to study the effect on cervical ripening and the frequency of successful inductions. In the presence of a favorable cervix both methods seemed equally efficacious in inducing labor. However, when the cervix was unfavorable, 53% of the patients could be delivered with PGE2 gel, compared with 31% when oxytocin was given. In patients with a highly unfavorable cervix this difference was significant (P less than 0.02). In patients not induced into labor, PGE2 gel caused a considerable ripening of the cervix, with a change in Bishop score from 2.9 to 6.3. In patients undelivered after oxytocin stimulation, no change in Bishop score occurred. This effect of locally applied PGE2 gel on cervical ripening was highly significant (P less than 0.001). No adverse maternal or perinatal effects were observed, irrespective of the mode of treatment.     

Nonpharmaceutical ripening of the unfavorable cervix and induction of labor by a novel double balloon device

Artificial ripening of the unfavorable cervix was attempted in 48 women using intracervical prostaglandin (PG) E2 gel applied by a cannula and in 70 others by a newly designed double balloon device (Atad Ripener Device). In the first group (phase A), application of PGE2 gel by intracervical cannula resulted in a mean increase of 3 points in the Bishop score and a mean instillation-to-delivery time of 34.2 hours. The study of labor induction by the double balloon device was carried out in two parts. One (phase B) consisted of a double-blind randomized controlled study in which, through the double balloon device, ten women received PGE2 gel and another ten were given placebo gel. There was no significant difference in the increase of Bishop score between the two groups (5.8 points in the treatment group and 6.0 in the placebo-controlled group). Ninety percent of women in both groups delivered vaginally with a mean of 20.8 hours after device insertion. The third phase of the study consisted of an open trial of inserting the double balloon device alone without PGE2, and inflating the balloons in 50 patients. A mean increase of 4.4 points in the Bishop score was noted in these women. These findings suggest that the use of the double balloon device for ripening of the unfavorable cervix is an effective and well-tolerated method of labor induction.     

Preinduction cervical ripening techniques compared

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy of pharmacologic, mechanical and combination techniques of cervical ripening. STUDY DESIGN: From March 1997 to August 1998, all cervical-ripening patients at Lehigh Valley Hospital were randomly assigned to three groups: intravaginal misoprostol, intracervical Foley catheter, or combination prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel and Foley catheter. Inclusion criteria included Bishop score < or = 5 and no contraindication to labor. The remaining delivery process was actively managed according to established guidelines. Multiple variables in perinatal outcome were analyzed, with the cesarean section rate and time from ripening to delivery as the main outcome variables. RESULTS: Of the 205 patients, 65 were randomized to the misoprostol group, 71 to the Foley group and 69 to the catheter-and-gel group. There were no differences between groups in delivery indications, maternal demographics, ultrasound findings, labor interventions, intrapartum times, mode of delivery, postpartum complications or neonatal outcomes. The misoprostol group demonstrated a higher rate of uterine tachysystole and required oxytocin less when compared to the two catheter groups. CONCLUSION: The higher rate of uterine tachysystole with misoprostol did not increase the cesarean section rate. The higher rate of oxytocin required by the two catheter groups did not increase the delivery time intervals. There appears to be no benefit to adding intracervical or intravaginal PGE2 gel to the intracervical Foley balloon. The misoprostol and catheter ripening techniques have similar safety and efficacy.     

Comparison of induction of labor methods for unfavorable cervices in trial of labor after cesarean delivery

Objective: To compare induction of labor methods in patients attempting a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) with an unfavorable cervix.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study from patients attempting TOLAC from 2009 to 2013. Patients with a simplified Bishop score of three or less where labor was initiated with either a Cook balloon or oxytocin were included. Our primary outcome was mode of delivery. Our secondary outcomes included duration of labor and multiple maternal and neonatal morbidities.

Results: Two-hundred and fourteen women met inclusion criteria: 150 received oxytocin and 64 had the Cook balloon placed. The vaginal birth after cesarean delivery rate was significantly higher in the oxytocin group at 70.7% versus 50.0% in the Cook balloon group (p?=?0.004). In the multivariable analysis, odds for cesarean delivery were two times higher with the Cook balloon than with oxytocin (Adjusted OR?=?2.09, 95% CI?=?1.05-4.18, p?=?0.036). The duration of labor was longer with the Cook balloon versus oxytocin (21.9 versus 16.3?hours, p?=?0.0002). There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Conclusion: Oxytocin induction of labor was associated with a higher rate of vaginal delivery and a shorter duration of labor compared to the Cook balloon in women undergoing TOLAC with an unfavorable cervix.     

Comparative efficacy and cost of the prostaglandin analogs dinoprostone and misoprostol as labor preinduction agents

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the relative efficacy and cost of three commercially available prostaglandin analogs, misoprostol (Cytotec), dinoprostone gel (Prepidil), and dinoprostone insert (Cervidil), as labor preinduction agents. STUDY DESIGN: One-hundred eleven women with an unfavorable cervix who underwent labor induction were assigned randomly to receive either misoprostol 50 microg every 6 hours for two doses, dinoprostone gel 0.5 mg every 6 hours for two doses, or dinoprostone insert 10 mg for one dose intravaginally. Twelve hours later, oxytocin induction was initiated per standardized protocol. Efficacy and cost of the labor preinduction/induction with the study treatments were compared. RESULTS: Mean Bishop score change (+/-SD) over the initial 12-hour interval was significantly greater in the misoprostol group (5.2 +/- 3.1) compared with the dinoprostone insert (3.2 +/- 2.3) or the dinoprostone gel groups (2.2 +/- 1.3, P <.0001). The proportion of women who reached complete dilation (68.4%, 50.0%, 51.4%, respectively; P =.14) and who were delivered (60.5%, 47.4%, 40.0%, respectively; P =.10) within 24 hours of the initiation of induction were not significantly different between the misoprostol, dinoprostone insert, and dinoprostone gel groups. Induction-to-delivery intervals, however, were significantly shorter among women who treated with misoprostol (24.0 +/- 10.8 hours) compared with either the dinoprostone gel (31.6 +/- 13.4 hours) or the dinoprostone insert (32.2 +/- 14.7 hours, P <.05). Overall mean cost per patient that was incurred by labor induction was significantly less for the misoprostol group ($1036.13) compared with the dinoprostone insert group ($1565.72) or the dinoprostone gel group ($1572.92, P <.0001). No significant differences were noted with respect to the mode of delivery or to the adverse maternal/neonatal outcome. CONCLUSION: Misoprostol is more cost-effective than the comparable commercial dinoprostone prostaglandin preparations as an adjuvant to labor induction in women with an unfavorable cervix.     

Induction of labor by using PGE2 and oxytocin in high risk pregnancies]

The study group consisted of 82 primigravid and 55 multiparous women with post term pregnancy, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, insufficiency of placenta and diabetes mellitus have induced labor. Prepidil (Upjohn) in dosage 0.5 mg was given into uterine cervix of 46 patients (PG group) and oxytocin was infused to 42 patients in dosage ranged from 5 mU/min to 30 mU/min (Ox group). Induction of labor has been considered as successful, if after 12 hours of drug administration, regular contractions of uterus and dilation of cervix more than 3 cm were obtained. Significant improvement of cervix state, measured by Bishop score has been observed only in PG group, even if the induction of labor failed. Similar rates of caesarean sections and the same occurrences of late and variable decelerations have been observed in both study groups. Results obtained in both these groups suggest that induction of labor in such pregnancies after prostaglandins administration is more effective than oxytocin infusion.