足月正常新生儿多频探测音鼓室声导抗正常值测定

目的：探讨正常新生儿多频探测音鼓室声导抗图的图型、声导纳值、声纳值和声导值的正常范围。方法：使用GSI-33中耳分析仪,对足月顺产并通过瞬态诱发性耳声发射和畸变产物耳声发射筛查的新生儿55例（110耳）进行226、6781、000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试,对比分析各种探测音鼓室声导抗的图形,声导纳值、声纳值和声导值,并进行统计学分析。结果：226 Hz探测音鼓室声导纳图、声纳图和声导图以双峰型为主,分别占90.0%、99.1%和85.5%,少数为单峰型,无多峰型出现;678 Hz探测音鼓室声导纳图、声纳图和声导图以单峰型为主,分别占62.7%、77.3%和62.7%,双峰型分别占34.6%、20.9%和31.8%,少数出现三峰型;1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导纳图、声纳图和声导图以单峰型为主,分别占96.4%、99.1%和97.3%,极少数为双峰型,无三峰型出现。226 Hz与678 Hz探测音测试,鼓室声导纳值与声纳值、声纳值与声导值的均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;声导纳值与声导值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。1 000 Hz探测音测试,鼓室声导纳值、声纳值与声导值的两两比较均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：获得正常新生儿多频探测音鼓室声导抗图的图形、声导纳值、声纳值和声导值的正常范围,结果提示,1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试可以较好反映正常新生儿的中耳功能。     

72例新生儿的声导抗图形分析

目的分别用226、678、1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试分析72例新生儿的中耳功能状态。方法使用GSITympstar中耳分析仪，对年龄在0～1月的72例新生儿（144耳）进行226、678、1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试，测试异常可疑者再行颞骨薄层CT检查以明确有无中耳积液。结果226Hz探测音鼓室声导抗图形均为“A型”，其中单峰型图形41．7％（60／144），双峰型图形58.3％（84／144）；678Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试显示异常图形有39耳，1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试显示异常图形有9耳，声导抗测试异常可疑者23例（双耳异常者18例，单耳异常者5例）再行颞骨薄层CT检查，结果显示其中8耳存在中耳腔内积液。结论226Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试不能准确地反映正常新生儿的中耳功能状态；678Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试诊断的敏感性较好，但特异性较差；1000Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试诊断的敏感性及特异性最佳。     

125例新生儿的鼓室导抗测试结果分析

目的 比较226、678、1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试对新生儿中耳功能评估的意义.方法 使用GSI Tympstar中耳分析仪.对125例(250耳)新生儿进行226、678、1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试,结果异常或可疑者再行颞骨薄层CT检查明确有无中耳积液.结果 226 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图有1耳为As型,其余耳均为A型,其中单峰型占43.2%(108/250),双峰型占56.8%(142/250);678 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有74耳,其中65耳为B型,4耳为As型.5耳为C型.1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有35耳,其中26耳为B型,5耳为As型,4耳为C型,声导抗测试异常或可疑者43例(86耳)颞骨薄层CT检查显示30耳存在中耳腔积液.结论 226 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试不能反映新生儿的中耳功能;678 Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试评估中耳功能的敏感性较好,但特异性较差;1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试评估中耳功能的敏感性及特异性最佳.     

婴儿1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试结果分析

目的 探讨婴儿1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试结果的分型及各型对婴儿中耳功能的评估价值.方法 对89例(178耳)年龄4～26周的婴儿分别行226、1 000 Hz探测音声导抗、ABR及DPOAE测试,并对1 000Hz探测音鼓室导抗图结果分型;分别比较各型的226 Hz探测音声导纳峰值压力、静态声导纳、鼓室导抗图宽度、ABR的波Ⅰ潜伏期、反应阈及DPOAE的通过率.结果 ①178耳根据1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图分为正峰型(Ⅰ组)89耳、平坦型(Ⅱ组)64耳、其它型(Ⅲ组)25耳;②Ⅰ组的ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期(1.2±0.1 ms)、反应阈(21±6dB nHL)均正常,DPOAE通过率为100%;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的ABR的波Ⅰ潜伏期较Ⅰ组延长,分别为1.8±0.4、1.3±0.2 ms,反应阈分别为36±13、25±8 dB nHL,两组中波Ⅰ潜伏期和反应阈均正常者分别为4.69%(3/64)和40.0%(10/25),DPOAE的通过率分别为3.1%和44.0%;③226 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图峰值压力Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),在Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组间、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);226 Hz探测音静态声导纳、鼓室导抗图宽度及分型在三组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 婴儿的1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图正峰型为正常,平坦型及其它型为异常,且鼓室导抗图为平坦型时中耳功能最差.1 000 Hz探测音声导抗测试对婴儿中耳功能的诊断价值比ABR的波Ⅰ潜伏期和耳声发射的敏感性更高.226 Hz探测音声导抗测试不适用于判断婴儿中耳功能状态.     

DPOAE全频率通过的正常婴幼儿不同探测音鼓室声导抗分析

目的研究DPOAE全频率通过的正常婴幼儿不同探测音下鼓室声导抗特性,探讨其在评价婴幼儿中耳功能的应用价值。方法采用226Hz、678Hz及1kHz对101例(187耳)婴幼儿行鼓室声导抗测试,计算图形分类及1kHz鼓室声导抗图形的正常值。结果 187耳中,226Hz及1kHz鼓室声导抗出现单峰、双峰、平坦三种类型,678Hz鼓室声导抗出现单峰、双峰、平坦、碟形及三峰五种类型。1kHz鼓室声导抗图形以单峰型为主(94.65%,177/187),峰声导纳值正常范围0.33～1.01mmho,峰压力正常范围-86～+53dapa,压力范围法梯度正常范围95～188dapa,比值法梯度正常范围0.21～0.47。结论与678Hz鼓室声导抗相比,1kHz鼓室声导抗图形的稳定性更好,其单峰型图形更适用于作为6个月以内婴幼儿正常中耳功能的评判标准。     

声导抗基本概念(3)

3多频率、多成分鼓室导抗图3.1多成分鼓室导抗图临床使用的中耳分析仪可以测量声导纳的各成分,即声导纳(Y)、声导(G)、声纳(B)。如图12为两例多成分的鼓室导纳图,可以分别测量226Hz和678Hz探测音的声导纳图、声导图、声纳图。     

正常新生儿226Hz及1000Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试

探讨通过瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)筛查的正常新生儿低频（226Hz）及高频（1000Hz）探测音鼓室导抗图的特点、获得峰声导纳值等指标的正常值范围,为临床新生儿及婴幼儿中耳功能评估和诊断提供依据。方法采用中耳分析仪（GSI-33型）对足月顺产,并通过TEOAE筛查的正常新生儿分别进行低、高频探测音下的鼓室导抗测试,分析鼓室导抗图形态特征并对峰声导纳值等重要数据进行统计。结果在100例首次双耳通过TEOAE筛查的新生儿鼓室导抗测试中,低频鼓室导抗图以双峰型为主（占96%）,高频鼓室导抗图以单峰型为主（占90%）;低频探测音鼓室导抗图为双峰型而其高频探测音鼓室导抗图为单峰型的有174耳（占总耳数87%）;低频及高频探测音鼓室导抗图均为单峰型的仅有6耳（占总耳数3%）。结论正常新生儿低频探测音鼓室导抗图以双峰型为主,高频探测音鼓室导抗图以单峰型为主,应将两者结合来对新生儿及婴幼儿中耳功能进行评估;所获得相应的峰声导纳值、峰声导纳值处外耳道压力、外耳道容积等指标的正常值可以用于初步评估新生儿中耳功能状态。     

多频鼓室声导抗测试在婴幼儿中耳功能诊断中的应用

目的探讨不同频率探测音声导抗测试法及多频率扫描声导抗测试法对婴幼儿中耳功能的评价效率。方法 122例听力正常婴幼儿和141例听力异常婴幼儿,应用GSI Tympstar中耳分析仪,分别以226、678、1000Hz探测音及多频率扫描声导抗测试法检测中耳功能,比较分析其测试效果。结果比较听力正常组和异常组检测结果,各月龄组的678、1000Hz探测音鼓室导纳图图形特点均有统计学意义(P0.05),但226Hz探测音鼓室导纳图在6月龄婴儿的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);组间的共振频率差异在6月龄婴儿虽无统计学意义(P0.05),在6月龄婴儿则有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3种频率探测音声导抗测试法对6月龄婴幼儿中耳功能诊断均较敏感,而678、1000Hz探测音对于6月龄婴儿中耳功能的诊断较为准确。随月龄增长,婴幼儿中耳共振频率逐渐升高,有助于评价6月龄婴幼儿的中耳功能。     

DPOAE异常ABR反应阈正常的婴儿声导抗结果分析

目的分析DPOAE异常ABR反应阈正常婴儿声导抗特征。方法研究对象为34例(52耳)婴儿(研究组),年龄42天～10个月,男20例(33耳),女14例(19耳),均为外院听力筛查未通过,转诊后经听性脑干反应(ABR)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、声导抗(226和1 000Hz探测音)测试,表现为DPOAE全频异常、ABR反应阈正常。选取同期接受检查且DPOAE及ABR反应阈均正常的婴儿26例(52耳)作为对照组,年龄42天～10个月,男16例(32耳),女10例(20耳),对比分析两组对象的声导抗特征。结果对照组226Hz鼓室导抗图48耳为单峰,4耳为双峰;1 000Hz鼓室导抗图50耳为单峰,2耳为双峰。根据ABR检测结果将研究组分为三组:第一组24耳ABR反应阈及各波潜伏期均正常,226Hz鼓室导抗图21耳为A型,3耳为双峰,1 000Hz鼓室导抗图18耳为单峰,6耳为双峰,其负尾部补偿导纳(ComY-400)值为0.84±0.36,低于对照组(2.66±0.52)(P<0.05);第二组23耳ABR波I潜伏期延长,波III、V潜伏期延长或不延长,226Hz鼓室导抗图18耳为A型,2耳为B型,3耳为双峰,1 000Hz鼓室导抗图15耳为单峰,2耳为双峰,2耳为无峰,4耳为其他型,其ComY-400值为0.54±0.37,低于对照组(2.66±0.52)(P<0.05);第三组5耳仅ABR波V潜伏期延长,226Hz及1 000Hz鼓室导抗图均表现为单峰。结论 DPOAE异常而ABR反应阈正常的婴儿可表现为ABR各波潜伏期正常或异常,l 000Hz探测音鼓室导抗图表现为负尾部补偿导纳值低于正常婴儿,提示其中耳功能异常可能是导致DPOAE异常的主要原因。     

婴儿分泌性中耳炎的听力学结果分析

目的 探讨226、1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗测试和气-骨导听性脑干反应（ABR）以及畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）在诊断低月龄婴儿分泌性中耳炎（OME）中的作用。方法 回顾性分析年龄为1～6个月的119例（192耳）中耳积液患儿（异常组）和66例（132耳）正常婴儿（正常组）的226、1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗测试和气-骨导ABR,以及DPOAE检测结果。结果 （1）OME婴儿,1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗异常图形（As型、B型、C型）有189耳（98.44%）,226 Hz鼓室声导抗异常图形（As型、B型、C型）有135耳（70.31%）;(2)OME婴儿ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期延长179耳（93.23%）,ABR波Ⅴ反应阈中度异常69耳（35.94%）、轻度异常97耳（50.52%）、阈值正常26耳（13.54%）,骨导ABR阈值正常164耳（85.42%）,阈值轻度异常28耳（14.58%）,气-骨导ABR阈值差值变大162耳（84.37%）;(3)OME婴儿DPOAE未引出151耳（78.65%）。结论 1 000 Hz声导抗异常、气-骨导ABR阈值差变大、ABR波I潜伏期延长和气导AB...     

High- and Low-Frequency Probe Tone Tympanometry in Chinese Infants

Objective To assess the utility of low- and high-frequency tympanometry in the diagnosis of middle ear dysfunction in Chinese infants. Methods Tympanograms were obtained with 226 Hz, 678 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tones from infants aged 5-25 weeks with normal auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)(15 infants,30 ears) and withprolonged wave Ⅰ latencies(17 infants, 20 ears), suggesting middle ear dysfunction, using a GSI Tympstar middle ear analyzer Version Ⅱ. Results The single-peaked tympanogram was the most characteristic type in both groups and seen in 25 ears (83.3%) in the normal ABR group and in 18 ears (90%) in the delayed wave Ⅰ group, respectively. The peak pressure, peak compensated static acoustic admittance and gradient of 226 Hz tympanometry were of no significant differences between the two groups. The 678 Hz tympanograms of admittance, susceptance and conductance demonstrated non-peak, single-, double- and tri-peaked patterns in both groups. The agreement between ABRs and 678 Hz tympanograms of admittance,susceptance and conductance were 70.0%, 58.0% and 64.0%(kappa=0.324, 0.234 and 0.118) respectively. For 1000 Hz probe tone, admittance,susceptance and conductance tympanograms showed single peaked patterns in 28 (93.3%), 25 (83.3%) and 26 (86.7%) of the 30 normal ears. Admittance, susceptance and conductance tympanograms using the 1000 Hz probe tone were flat in 15 (75%), 17(85%) and 13 (65%) of the ears in infants with prolonged wave Ⅰ latencies. For 1000 Hz admittance, susceptance and conductance Tympanograms, the agreement between tympanometry and ABR results were 90.0%, 92.0% and 86.0% with kappa at 0.783, 0.831 and 0.690, respectively. Conclusion 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry is a promising middle ear function test for infants of 1-6 months age, while 226 Hz and 678 Hz probe tones are less efficient in detecting middle ear dysfunction in infants.     

Impedance audiometry with 3-probe frequency]

The 3-probe frequency (226, 678, 1000Hz) admittance (Y), susceptance (B) and conductance (G) tympanograms were recorded from 28 normal-hearing adults with a GSI 33 Version 2 Middle-Ear analyzer, and the 3-frequency ipsilateral acoustic-reflex thresholds were measured too. In all subjects, there were normal values of tympanometric indices, such as peak compliances, peak pressures, gradients and ear canal volumes, and of ipsilateral acoustic-reflex thresholds at a 226-Hz probe tone. From 226 to 1000Hz, Y, B and G increased in magnitude while the corresponding admittance-,susceptance- and conductance-tympanogram peak pressures (PY, PB, PG) shifted towards positive evidently. In comparison with 226 Hz, the 678-Hz static admittance (Y') and static susceptance (B') values were large but had no significant differences as compared with those of 1000 Hz. The relation among Y, B and G, among PY, PB and PG, and between Y' and B' changed as a function of probe frequency from 226 to 1000 Hz. The average reflex thresholds of 25 adults (30 ears) were 83 dB HL at 226-Hz probe frequency, 91 dB at 678 Hz, and 88 dB at 1000 Hz, using a 1000-Hz tonal activator. There were significant differences among the 3 values (all P less than 0.01). The ipsilateral acoustic reflexes from 3 adults (4 ears) were present at 226-and 678-Hz probe tones, but not at 1000 Hz.     

正常婴儿1000Hz探测音及多频率扫描声导纳测试分析

目的分析正常婴儿1000 Hz探测音及多频率扫描声导纳检测的临床特征。方法对164例正常听力婴儿（250耳）的1000 Hz探测音声导纳图,用基线法分型并测量正峰声导纳值;通过声纳差（ΔB）-频率函数曲线和相位角差（Δθ）-频率函数曲线检测中耳共振频率。运用SPSS11.0软件,分年龄段分别统计正峰声导纳、共振频率和相位角差（Δθ）的平均值、标准差、中位数、5%分位数、95%分位数及95%置信区间。结果全部样本均可测得基线上正峰声导纳值,各年龄组的5%分位数均≥0.2 mmho;各年龄组共振频率从311.01～599.06 Hz递增,相位角差（Δθ）的绝对值平均值从44.52～22.84递减。结论高频率探测音声导纳检测和多频率扫描声导纳检测,充分反映婴儿中耳声学特性的转变过程,更适用婴儿的中耳功能评估。     

High-frequency (1000 Hz) tympanometry in normal neonates

The characteristics of high frequency (1000 Hz) acoustic admittance results obtained from normal neonates were described in this study. Participants were 170 healthy neonates (96 boys and 74 girls) aged between 1 and 6 days (mean = 3.26 days, SD = 0.92). Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and 226 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tone tympanograms were obtained from the participants using a Madsen Capella OAE/middle ear analyser. The results showed that of the 170 neonates, 34 were not successfully tested in both ears, 14 failed the TEOAE screen in one or both ears, and 122 (70 boys, 52 girls) passed the TEOAE screen in both ears and also maintained an acceptable probe seal during tympanometry. The 1000 Hz tympanometric data for the 122 neonates (244 ears) showed a single-peaked tympanogram in 225 ears (92.2%), a flat-sloping tympanogram in 14 ears (5.7%), a double-peaked tympanogram in 3 ears (1.2%) and other unusual shapes in 2 ears (0.8%). There was a significant ear effect, with right ears showing significantly higher mean peak compensated static admittance and tympanometric width, but lower mean acoustic admittance at +200 daPa and gradient than left ears. No significant gender effects or its interaction with ear were found. The normative tympanometric data derived from this cohort may serve as a guide for detecting middle ear dysfunction in neonates.     

Choice of probe tone and classification of trace patterns in tympanometry undertaken in early infancy

Tympanometry using 226 Hz, 678 Hz, and 1000 Hz probe tones was undertaken on two groups of babies, age 2 to 21 weeks. A group of 104 babies with normal ABR thresholds or TEOAEs were compared with a second group of 107 babies who had evidence of temporary conductive hearing loss based on the findings of a test battery, which included air and bone conduction ABR. The tympanograms were classified by Method 1, a simple visual classification system, and Method 2, adapted from a system described by Marchant et al (1986). The majority of tympanograms recorded in both groups using the 226 Hz probe tone were 'normal' Type A, with no significant difference in middle ear pressure or static admittance. However, both classification methods demonstrated significant differences between the two groups using the higher frequency probe tones, with Method 2 being the preferred system of classification. Tympanometry using 226 Hz is invalid below 21 weeks and 1000 Hz is the frequency of choice.     

Classification of trace patterns of 226- and 1000-Hz tympanometry in healthy neonates

Objective

Accurate evaluation of middle ear function is a challenge especially in babies referred from newborn hearing screening programs. The aim was to assess the feasibility of tympanometry using 226- and 1000-Hz probe tones in neonates.

Methods

Hearing was evaluated by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) in 96 ears of healthy neonates in well-baby nursery. Babies with risk factors for hearing loss as identified in Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH, 1994) were excluded. Tympanograms recorded with 226 and 1000 Hz probe tones were analyzed and classified.

Results

Tympanograms were classified according to Method A (Jerger/Liden) and visual classification systems, Method B (adapted from Marchant et al.) and Method C (adapted from Kei et al.), without difficulty. In 72 ears with normal TEOAE, 226 Hz tympanograms were classified as normal in 72 ears in Methods A and B, and 16 ears in Method C. 1000 Hz tympanograms were normal in 68 ears in Method A, 72 ears in Method B and 68 ears in Method C. In 24 ears with abnormal TEOAE, 226 Hz tympanograms were interpreted as normal in most ears (23 ears in Method A, 24 ears in Method B), whereas 1000 Hz tympanograms were abnormal in 13 ears in Method A and 6 ears in Method B, possibly reflecting middle ear dysfunction.

Conclusion

In healthy neonates without risk factors for hearing loss, 1000 Hz tympanograms can be recorded and interpreted. A single-peaked tympanograms was most common in ears with normal TEOAE. In ears with abnormal TEOAE, tympanograms were classified as abnormal more frequently using 1000 Hz than 226 Hz. Implementation of tympanometry using 1000 Hz probe tone in newborn hearing screening programs may provide valuable information regarding middle ear dysfunction that may cause transient conductive hearing loss.     

The effects of probe-tone frequency on the acoustic-reflex growth function

Acoustic-reflex growth functions (ARGFs) were obtained from 20 normal-hearing listeners. Contralateral acoustic reflexes (ARs) were elicited with pure tones of 2000 Hz. The magnitude of changes in static compliant susceptance (BA) and conductance (GA) were monitored with probe-tone frequencies of 226 Hz, 678 Hz and 1000 Hz. ARGFs were obtained with six combinations of probe-tone frequency/admittance component: 226 Hz BA, 226 Hz GA, 678 Hz BA, 678 Hz GA, 1000 Hz BA, and 1000 Hz GA. Peak conductance (GA) and susceptance (BA) ARs were largest within the 678 Hz GA and 1000 Hz BAARGFs, respectively. Among high-frequency probe tones, the patterns of AR growth were larger and less variable for the 678 Hz GA ARGF and the 1000 Hz BA ARGF as determined by the magnitude of their linear (b1) and quadratic (b2) polynomial coefficients and the value of their squared correlation coefficients (R2).     

听力正常新生儿1000Hz声导抗分析

目的 分析通过耳声发射(OAE)听力筛查正常新生儿1000 Hz声导抗测试的特点,为新生儿听力筛查及新生儿中耳功能的评估提供参考依据.方法 采用GSI-70型自动耳声发射听力筛查仪对新生儿进行听力筛查,将双耳通过OAE听力筛查的正常新生儿按照纳入标准选为研究对象,共650例(1300耳),然后采用GSI TympStar VersionⅡ中耳分析仪对该研究对象进行中耳功能测试,收集探测音为1000 Hz的鼓室导抗图及其相关指标,对图形进行分型并计算各指标的95％医学参考值范围.结果 将纳入的1300耳的鼓室导抗图分类,其中1Y1B1G型732耳(占56.3％)、1Y3B1G型145耳(占11.2％)、0Y0B0G型269耳(占20.7％)、其他154耳(占11.8％).其中声导纳图Y中单峰型有967耳,计算单峰型声导纳图Y各指标的95％医学参考值范围,其中鼓室图峰压(tympanometric peak pressure,Tpp)为- 55.0～180.0 daPa、峰补偿静态声导纳值(peak compensated static acoustic admittance,Peak Ytm)为0.03 ～1.18 mmHo、鼓室图宽度(tympanometric width,TW)为70.0～230.0 daPa.结论 通过OAE听力筛查的正常新生儿1000 Hz探测音的声导纳图Y以单峰型为主.1000 Hz探测音的单峰型声导纳图Y的Tpp、Peak Ytm、TW的95％医学参考值范围可作为新生儿听力筛查及新生儿中耳功能评估时的参考依据.