大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)的内镜诊治

目的 回顾性分析南方医院近2年内在肠镜检查中发现的46例共47个大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)病变的检出及处理情况。方法记录所有LST病变的部位、大小、形态特征及内镜下大体分型．所有病例均行放大内镜观察病变表面的pil形态．46例LST患者中,42例共42个病变接受内镜下治疗,其中14例行注射法内镜下黏膜剥离切除术(EMR)切除病变．24例行注射法内镜下黏膜剥离分片切除术(EPMR)切除病变,1例行透明帽辅助EPMR切除病变,3例行单纯高频电热圈套切除术切除病变。结果 LST检出率：常规肠镜检查中LST病变检出率为0．8％。病变分布：47个LST病变中,直肠22个．乙状结肠10个．降结肠7个．横结肠4个,升结肠2个,盲肠2个。内镜下病变大体分型：颗粒均一型25个,结节混合型12个,平坦隆起型8个．似凹陷型2个。Pit形态：Ⅱ型pit2个,Ⅱ型 Ⅲ1型pit8个,Ⅲ1．型pit9个,Ⅳ型pit28个。病理形态：绒毛状腺瘤28例,均伴中度以上不典型增生．其中7例有局部癌变(6例m癌,1例sml癌),但根部无癌残留;增生性息肉2例;管状腺瘤11例,10例合并中度不典型增生．1例局部癌变(m癌);锯齿状腺瘤(Serrated腺瘤)6例。结论 大肠LST病变在我国有较高的检出率,其内镜形态具有一定特殊性。处理方法可采用内镜下黏膜切除术。     

放大内镜及实体显微镜对结肠肿瘤性病变检查的意义

目的 探讨如何通过放大内镜和实体显微镜观察分析大肠息肉腺管开口类型,从而发现早期大肠癌及癌前病变。方法 2001年8月-2002年2月结肠镜检查139例大肠病变。采用内镜下黏膜染色技术,结合放大内镜、实体显微镜观察腺管开口分型(pit pattem)并与病理诊断对照。结果 139例患者中发现大肠息肉124例,进展期癌9例,LST型病变5例。5例LST的直径为10-50mm,其中ⅢL型1个,Ⅳ型4个。本组采用放大内镜与病理、实体显微镜诊断的符合率高。结论 大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义,如发现有V型腺管开口则高度提示早期癌的可能。     

重视平坦型大肠肿瘤的临床诊治

平坦型大肠肿瘤包括表浅型大肠肿瘤及凹陷型大肠肿瘤,与大肠癌发生有密切相关的特殊性。表浅型大肠肿瘤以大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(1aterally spreading tumor,LST)为代表;凹陷型大肠肿瘤以凹陷型早期大肠癌(Ⅱc型早期大肠癌)为代表。平坦型大肠肿瘤由于在临床上难以发现,在我国尚未被临床医师普遍认知,因此有关报道极少。近年来,南方医院在做肠镜检查中对平坦型大肠肿瘤的检出和诊疗上创造与积累了一些自己的经验,他们认为,提高大肠平坦型病变征象的识别和染色内镜的应用是发现大肠平坦型病变的关键,黏膜剥离术和分析黏膜剥离术是诊治大肠平坦型病变的最佳方法之一,而且已着手开展对平坦型大肠肿瘤发生发展的基础研究工作。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗结直肠肿瘤

目的用内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗早期大肠癌及癌前病变,探讨病变大体分型和表面形态与病理组织学分型之间的关系。方法2002年12月-2004年12月共完成结直肠肿瘤EMR手术58例(其中男性49例,女性9例,平均年龄65．8岁),共计70个病变,对切除标本进行常规病理组织学观察。术后内镜随访1～23个月。结果70个病灶均为完全切除,除3例发生可控制出血外,未发生其他与手术相关的并发症。病理报告：3个病灶为早期癌,53个为腺瘤伴1～3级异型增生,其余14个均为炎性增生。随访期间所有病例均无复发。结论EMR可作为治疗黏膜层及黏膜下浅层早期大肠癌或癌前病变的方法。     

内镜黏膜切除术及剥离术治疗大肠早癌及癌前病变分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)及黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗大肠早癌及癌前病变的价值。方法对38例结肠较大隆起病变(直径≥1 cm)进行活检,病检提示为管状腺瘤伴中重度异型增生的,再行EMR或ESD术,分析其疗效及安全性。结果所有38例早癌及癌前病变均成功切除送检,完整切除率为97.37%(37/38);病理结果:中度异型增生17例,重度异型增生11例,癌变10例(其中1例结合术后病检结果追加了外科手术治疗);术中明显出血者EMR 0例,ESD 1例,明显出血率为0.26%(1/38);38例均未发生穿孔,术后1、6、12个月复查,无一例复发。结论 EMR及ESD术切除大肠早癌及癌前病变安全、有效。     

罕见大肠平坦型病变并锯齿状腺瘤2例报道

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（laterally spreading tumor,LST)指起源于大肠黏膜的一类平坦隆起型病变,这类病变极少向肠壁深层垂直侵犯,而主要沿黏膜表面呈侧向浅表扩散。大肠的锯齿状腺瘤（serrated adenoma)指大肠的一类特殊病理形态的腺瘤,其成瘤上皮成分有明显增生,使腺管或绒毛呈锯齿状外观,类似于增生性息肉样改变,或腺瘤成分与增生性息肉成分同时存在。以上     

大肠侧向发育性肿瘤肠镜下治疗的围手术期护理体会

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（1aterallyspreadingtumor，LST）其定义最先由日本学者工藤进英提出，为起源于大肠粘膜的一类平坦型病变，极少向肠壁深层垂直侵犯，而主要沿粘膜表面呈侧向浅表扩散，故称之为侧向发育型肿瘤。它具有比息肉状腺瘤更高的恶性潜能，与大肠癌关系密切。     

侧方扩展型大肠肿瘤的X线特征

目的:探讨扩展型大肠肿瘤的X线与病理学特征。方法:分析了经组织病理学证实的46例54处病变的X线钡灌肠造影表现和内镜图像,将病变分为非结节扁平隆起、结节集簇性隆起和混合性结节集簇隆起3种类型,与病理组织学进行对照研究。结果:扩展型大肠肿瘤好发于直肠、盲肠和升结肠近段,组织病理学多为腺瘤或黏膜内癌,混合结节集簇隆起型病变癌变率高、浸润较深,且有进展期癌。结论:扩展型大肠肿瘤表面的形态改变,可以作为推测有无癌变与癌变浸润深度的指标。     

i-Scan染色联合内镜黏膜切除术治疗结直肠广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉疗效分析

目的探讨i-Scan染色联合内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗结直肠广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析解放军477医院自2011年5月至2013年7月收治的102例经病理确诊为腺瘤性息肉患者的临床资料。本组患者均行电子结肠镜检查,对息肉行i-Scan染色+放大内镜检查,行EMR治疗,留取完整标本送病理检查,创面均给予钛夹封闭。结果本组102例患者共检出150枚息肉,直径为0.8~2.0 cm,均为广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉。术后病理诊断:腺瘤性息肉148枚,术后1个月复查见病变部位黏膜光滑,未见息肉及病变黏膜残留;低级别上皮内瘤变2枚,未追加外科手术,随访3个月,未见肿瘤复发及他处转移。结论依据i-Scan染色预测息肉的组织学病理较确切,腺瘤性息肉系癌前病变,行EMR可完整切除息肉,减少息肉的复发,有助于发现早期癌变,改善患者预后。     

胃十二指肠神经内分泌瘤的诊治及预后分析

目的 探讨胃十二指肠神经内分泌瘤的临床病理表现及预后情况,为其早期诊断提供依据.方法 对解放军总医院2012年1月一2015年1月收治的经内镜及病理证实的20例胃十二指肠神经内分泌瘤患者的临床、内镜及病理资料进行回顾性分析.依照2010年WHO肿瘤分类标准对肿瘤进行病理分类及分级.结果 20例患者年龄55.5±10.6(35～77)岁.其中病变位于胃13例,十二指肠7例,病变最大直径为0.2～2.5cm.内径下表现为息肉样隆起、半球样黏膜下隆起及黏膜糜烂.所有病变均行内镜下治疗,包括电凝电切4例、内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)10例、内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)6例,1例患者ESD治疗后追加外科手术治疗.内镜下活检及超声内镜检查有助于诊断和治疗.病理分级19例为NET l级,1例为NET 2级.随访5～34个月无转移及复发.结论 胃肠道神经内分泌瘤经早期诊断和治疗可获得满意的结果.     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.