严重急性呼吸综合征患者激素治疗康复后膝关节骨坏死的MRI监测

目的评价用MRI监测经糖皮质激素治疗的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者康复后膝关节骨坏死的出现率和MRI特点。方法对99例(男22例,女77例)经糖皮质激素治疗SARS康复患者的198个膝关节进行MR检查,判断有无膝关节骨缺血坏死。结果99例中有31例患者出现骨坏死(占31%),其中双膝多发病灶为25例,单膝发病6例;在双膝多发病例中病灶均呈对称性分布,共出现166处病灶,占发病膝关节分区的27%166/(56×11)。病灶累及负重区与非负重区的比例为27∶29;病灶位于关节软骨下为84%(47/56)。166处病灶累及区域:股骨内侧髁后部27处(16%),内侧髁前部14处(8%),外侧髁后部44处(27%),外侧髁前部29处(17%),干骺端18处(11%);胫骨平台内侧髁前部3处(2%),内侧髁后部13处(8%),外侧髁前部2处(1%),外侧髁后部7处(4%),干骺端9处(5%);髌骨0处。结论MRI能很好地显示膝关节的骨缺血坏死改变。在使用糖皮质激素治疗的患者中,应尽早行MR检查,以便早期诊断和早期治疗。     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者骨梗死CT和MRI影像分析

目的分析严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者骨梗死的CT、MRI表现,评价这两种影像技术在骨梗死诊断中的作用.方法对12例骨梗死患者的影像学资料进行回顾性分析.结果12例患者CT表现为骨内高密度圈状或斑片状影,呈地图状,MRI示病灶中心T1WI呈等骨髓脂肪信号,T2WI呈等、高混杂信号,病灶边缘T1WI呈纡曲的低信号带,T2WI上该带可分为2层,整个病灶呈地图样改变.结论骨梗死有多种表现形式,其诊断需结合临床病史及流行病史,并除外其他疾病.地图样改变为其显著性表现.     

核素骨显像诊断骨肿瘤的价值

核素骨显像在临床上的应用日益广泛,现已成为诊断骨骼疾患的一种重要手段.本文对46例临床和病理确诊的骨肿瘤患者进行核素显像结果分析,现报告如下.     

核素骨显像诊断恶性肿瘤骨转移的应用价值

目的 对恶性肿瘤患者进行核素骨显像，以观察骨转移的发生率及转移部位。方法 256例恶性肿瘤患者静脉注射显像剂90mTc-MDP后3～4 h时行前后及后前位全身骨显像。结果 256例恶性肿瘤患者有125例出现骨转移,阳性率48.8%,转移部位以中轴骨多见，骨转移以多发性为主，多发病灶者占79.2%。结论 核素骨显像可早期诊断骨转移，对临床分期、选择治疗方案及预后评估均有重要的临床参考价值。     

严重急性呼吸道综合征与骨坏死

严重急性呼吸道综合征简称为SARS。2003年10月10日，卫生部和国家中医药管理局联合公布的《传染性非典型肺炎（SARS）诊疗方案》提出了三种SARS后遗症：肺功能障碍、肝肾功能损害、骨质疏松和股骨头缺血性坏死。其中，骨坏死给患者带来的痛苦和不便最为严重。SARS患者使用激素后停药1个月左右可在MRI（核磁共振）发现明显的股骨头坏死征象，而且发病人数逐渐增加，3～6个月为发病高峰。SARS并发的股骨头坏死具有发病率较高，发病快，MRI和血脂指标变化明显等发病特点。     

核素骨显像在肺癌骨转移诊断中的应用

目的分析肺癌骨转移特点,评估放射性核素骨显像诊断肺癌骨转移的价值.方法对570例肺癌患者静脉注射99mTc-MDP,3～4h后行全身静态骨显像.结果 570例肺癌患者中381例骨显像阳性,占66.8%;其中12例(3.1%)经随访及X线、MRI多次检查证实为假阳性.多发病灶者272例,占骨转移的74.3%;骨转移病灶分布,肋骨293例,脊椎骨280例,盆骨86例,其他胸骨、肩胛骨、颅骨、四肢骨等.不同病理类型分析,腺癌阳性率最高(70.2%),鳞癌最低(51.6%).结论肺癌骨转移以多发性病灶为主,骨转移部位以肋骨、脊椎骨多见;腺癌易发生骨转移.对单个肋骨阳性患者应密切随访,定期复查.骨显像对肺癌临床分期、治疗方案选择及预后评估均有重要的临床价值.     

核素骨显像诊断恶性肿瘤骨转移的应用价值

目的对恶性肿瘤患者进行核素骨显像,以观察骨转移的发生率及转移部位.方法256例恶性肿瘤患者静脉注射显像剂90mTc-MDP后3～4 h时行前后及后前位全身骨显像.结果256例恶性肿瘤患者有125例出现骨转移,阳性率48.8%,转移部位以中轴骨多见,骨转移以多发性为主,多发病灶者占79.2%.结论核素骨显像可早期诊断骨转移,对临床分期、选择治疗方案及预后评估均有重要的临床参考价值.     

SPECT核素骨显像在隐性骨折诊断中的价值

目的研究核素骨显像在隐性骨折诊断中的价值。方法收集21例临床怀疑存在隐性骨折患者的SPECT核素骨检查的资料和X线平片,结合临床进行综合分析。结果对X线检查结果为阴性,而有明确的外伤史,局部明显疼痛的患者,进行核素骨显像,骨折处表现有明显异常放射性聚集确诊为隐性骨折。隐性骨折主要发生于不规则骨,如：胸骨、前肋端（近胸骨旁软骨处）、肱骨髁上部位、脊椎骨等。结论隐性骨折多发生于不规则骨或骨折部位隐蔽、骨折线细小而导致X射线检查难以发现异常。放射性核素显像是诊断隐性骨折非常敏感的检查方法,对于临床早期诊断不明确,尤其是X线片表现阴性结果的情况下,行核素骨显像,可提高隐性骨折诊断的阳性率。     

核素骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移的价值

目的：评价核素骨显像在诊断前列腺癌骨转移中的临床价值。方法：用SPECT核素全身骨像探测及分析骨转移灶。结果：核素骨显像检出骨转移灶为100.0％，明显高于X线平片（29.0％）。结论：核素骨显像对前列腺癌骨转移诊断有重要价值。     

唾液腺核素显像在干燥综合征临床诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨干燥综合征临床诊断中采用唾液腺核素99TcmO4－显像的临床价值。方法：将我院2013年5月－2014年5月接收的33例干燥综合征患者作为观察组,另抽取同期来我院接受体检的10例健康者作为对照组,均行唾液腺核素99TcmO4－显像,采用 ROI（计算机感兴趣区）技术获取相关数据,对比两组的 UR（摄取指数）、S ／I（相对摄取率）、MSR（排泄率）以及 Tmin（高峰时间）情况。结果：观察组的 UR、S ／I、MSR 以及 Tmin均明显低于对照组,且观察组中严重受损者的上述参数均明显低于轻度受损组,组间比较差异显著,有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论：唾液腺核素99TcmO4－显像采用 ROI 技术,在干燥综合征临床诊断中具有较高的应用价值,值得推广。     

严重急性呼吸综合征682例临床分析

目的探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)的临床特点.方法回顾性统计分析北京小汤山医院收治的682例SARS临床病例资料.结果682例SARS患者的年龄分布于13～76岁.356例(52.2%)有明确的接触史,有171例(25.1%)发病前曾到过医院.677例(99.3%)患者出现发热,5例患者体温正常.其它主要症状包括咳嗽(44.3%)、气促(12.2%)、腹泻(8.9%);外周血白细胞计数正常或降低占87.4%;ALT和CPK升高的比例分别为16.4%、2.5%;全部患者都有肺部病变,累及双肺占69.8%;死亡6例.结论该病有较强的传染性,医院是重要的传播场所;发热、咳嗽、胸片异常及外周血白细胞正常或降低是该综合征的主要临床特点.     

严重急性呼吸综合征24例临床分析

对 2 0 0 3年 5月 10～ 2 8日收治的 2 4例临床确诊的严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析 ,以了解其流行病学特征。 2 4例患者中男 19例 ,女 5例。年龄 18～ 5 6岁 ,平均 (2 9.3± 9.0 )岁。有明确接触史者 11例 (4 5 .83% )。结果表明 SARS具有强传染性 ,任何人群均易感 ,发热为首发表现 ,白细胞以降低和正常为主 ,肺部病变以右肺和双肺为主     

Clinical analysis of 45 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome

Objective To explore the clinical and radiological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Analysis of the clinical presentation, chest radiographs, course of disease and features of severe pneumonia in 45 SARS patients diagnosed at our hospital in Beijing between April 5 -20,2003. Also included is a summation of the clinical features of SARS.Results (1) SARS appears to have high infectivity; (2) the most common symptom is fever; (3)the count of leukocyte is normal or decreased; (4) most patients (35/45, 77.8% ) had experienced a 24-hour fever prior to the abnormal chest X-ray changes which showed progression of pulmonary infiltrates within 48 hours in 71.1% (32/45) of the patients and, (5) the percentage of patients who developed severe pneumonia (24.4%) is higher than those who developed typical pneumonia.Conclusion SARS is a disease with high infectivity and has its own clinical and radiological featuresEarly recognition, prompt isolation, and appropriate therapy are the key to combate this infection.     

Clinical and imaging findings in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), and to study their relationship.Methods Forty-six SARS confirmed patients were admitted to our hospital from February to April,2003. X-ray examination documents were available in all cases and chest CT scanning was acquired in 6 cases, which were analyzed retrospectively, accompanied by their clinical features.Results Fever was found in 97. 8% of the patients. Clinical symptoms were mild, but X-ray and CT findings were distinct. CT scanning demonstrated ground glass like lesions and large patchy exudation and consolidation at the early stage in 6 cases. Different findings on radiography and CT were related to the different phases of the disease. After treatment, most lesions were absorbed completely, but slowly in patients with multi-lobe consolidation and/or extensive interstitial infiltration.Conclusion Special clinical and imaging findings could be found in SARS cases. The prognosis of SARS patients is related to the degree of lesions detected by radiography and CT.     

严重急性呼吸综合征合并肝损害的临床及病理研究

目的研究严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)合并肝损害的临床及病理学特征。方法在病程不同时期,动态观察60例SARS患者肝功能指标变化情况,比较SARS重症组病例与普通组病例的肝损害差异。结果76.7%患者ALT升高(146.3±118.3)u/L、40.0%患者AST升高(81.3±29.8)u/L,30.0%患者Bil升高(35.3±15.6)μmol/L;病程第2周肝损害最多见。SARS重症组ALT,AST和Bil异常升高率高于普通组,但仅AST差异有显著性。激素治疗组与非激素治疗组间肝功能异常发生率的差异并无显著性。约93.5%患者经常规保肝治疗3周后肝功复常。1例尸检显示肝脏广泛轻度非特异炎症反应。结论SARS病人合并肝脏损伤相当普遍,表现为转氨酶的轻中度升高,少部分病例伴有胆红素的轻度异常,适当保肝治疗是必须的,也是有效的。     

重症急性呼吸综合征临床特点分析

目的了解本地区重症急性呼吸综合症(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)的临床特点及治疗和预后.方法回顾性分析广东省佛山市第一人民医院2002年11月～2003年2月收治的16例SARS病人的临床资料,分为普通型、重症两组.结果本组病例年龄在20～57岁,男9例,女7例,青壮年为主,44%为医护人员.潜伏期平均为6.7±3.4天.重症7例,占44%.重症SARS较普通型肺部病灶发现晚,发热持续时间长,多累及双肺,易并发急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS),多器官功能损害.重症患者采用早期氧疗,充分镇静及抗病毒,抗细菌感染,激素,增强免疫功能等综合治疗.结论重症SARS患者临床表现严重,但经过积极综合治疗,及早氧疗、采取"肺保护性策略"人工通气,预防和处理好并发症,是可以治愈的.     

Digestive system manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome

Objective To explore digestive system manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Method The clinical data of 96 cases with SARS admitted into our hospital from February 6, 2003 to March 28, 2003 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 96 cases, 26 cases (27%) had diarrhea, 17 (18%) had nausea, 6 (6%) had vomiting, 16 (17%) had bellyache, and 8 (8%) had ALT elevation.Conclusions Patients with SARS may have digestive system manifestations; diarrhea is the most common symptom.     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者糖皮质激素的应用

为探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)治疗过程中糖皮质激素的应用时机、疗程和效果，对7例SARS患者(其中男4例，女3例，平均年龄31．3岁)应用糖皮质激素治疗，甲泼尼龙平均剂量为126mg／d，平均疗程7．8d；口服泼尼松平均疗程12d。结果高热患者在治疗后2d体温恢复正常，肺部进行性病变者在3～5d内有所恢复，疗程结束时病灶明显吸收，无1例患者发生呼吸衰竭。提示糖皮质激素对改善SARS中毒症状，阻止病情进展有一定疗效。     

传染性非典型肺炎的临床诊断和治疗

目的 :探讨传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)的临床诊断和治疗 ,以提高对本病的治愈率和降低死亡率。方法 :根据诊断SARS的临床实践和体会 ,参考相关资料 ,综合评价本病的早期诊断和治疗。结果 :SARS由冠状病毒引起 ,患者主要有发热 (体温常 >38 0℃ )、畏寒、头痛、干咳、胸闷气短、呼吸困难等临床症状 ,肺部体征不明显或仅有少量湿性音 ;外周血白细胞正常或降低 ,或伴血小板降低 ;胸部X线或CT检查可见多叶或双侧肺异常阴影 ;单纯用抗生素治疗无效。早期应用糖皮质激素、利巴韦林、氧疗、无创机械通气、对症支持、中医中药及抗生素等综合治疗措施治疗 ,效果令人满意。结论 :SARS由冠状病毒引起 ,诊断主要依据流行病学和临床综合资料 ,积极有效的内科综合治疗可提高SARS治愈率、降低其病死率。     

Pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） first emerged in Guangdong province, China in November 2002. During the following 3 months, it spread rapidly across the world, resulting in approximately 800 deaths. In 2004, subsequent sporadic cases emerged in Singapore and China. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV, was identified as the etiological agent of SARS.1＇2 This virus belongs to a family of large, positive, single-stranded RNA viruses. Nevertheless, genomic characterization shows that the SARS-CoV is only moderately related to other known coronaviruses.3 In contrast with previously described coronaviruses, SARS-CoV infection typically causes severe symptoms related to the lower respiratory tract. The SARS-CoV genome includes 14 putative open reading frames encoding 28 potential proteins, and the functions of many of these proteins are not known.4 A number of complete and partial autopsies of SARS patients have been reported since the first outbreak in 2003. The predominant pathological finding in these cases was diffuse alveolar damage （DAD）, This severe pulmonary injury of SARS patients is caused both by5 direct viral effects and immunopathogenetic factors, Many important aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS have not yet been fully clarified. In this article, we summarize the most important mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of SARS, including clinical characters, host and receptors, immune system response and genetic factors.