液相色谱串联质谱法检测人血清雌酮、雌二醇

目的建立同时测定人血清中雌酮(E1)及雌二醇(E2)水平的液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法,并初步应用于临床血清样品的雌激素检测。方法血清样品经乙酸乙酯提取,丹磺酰氯衍生化后进行LC-MS/MS分析。用Agilent ZORBAX SBC18色谱柱进行线性梯度洗脱,流动相为乙腈(0.05%甲酸)-水(0.05%甲酸),流速为0.3 m L/min。用多重反应离子监测(MRM)正离子模式对血清中的E1、E2进行质谱检测,并根据"生物样品定量分析方法验证指导原则(中国药典,2015)"对该方法的特异性、线性范围、灵敏度、精密度、提取回收率和稳定性等进行评价。用本法对172例健康成年女性血清标本进行E1、E2检测,用百分位数法计算不同月经周期E1、E2的浓度区间。结果 LC-MS/MS法可同时检测人血清中E1、E2的含量,在0.05~10 nmol/L范围内线性关系良好。该法的定量限为0.05 nmol/L,日内与日间不精密度均小于15%,稳定性良好。初步临床应用显示,用LC-MS/MS法计算所得的E1、E2浓度区间符合女性月经周期生理性变化规律。结论 LC-MS/MS法能有效分离并定量检测人血清中E1、E2的浓度水平,其线性范围广、灵敏度高、精密度好,有望作为临床血清雌激素检测的参考方法。     

串联质谱和高效液相色谱-串联质谱二次筛查联合应用于新生儿MMA筛查

目的探讨串联质谱和高效液相色谱-串联质谱二次筛查联合应用在甲基丙二酸血症(MMA)中的筛查价值。方法收集新生儿串联质谱初筛结果中C3、C3/C2、C3/C0单一或多个指标异常的新生儿干血滤纸片标本,用高效液相色谱-串联质谱的方法定量检测原始血片中甲基丙二酸、甲基枸橼酸和高半胱氨酸,对二次筛查后疑似阳性的新生儿进行召回复查,并进行尿气相色谱/质谱检测。临床诊断患儿进一步予以基因检测进行确诊。结果共收集423例C3、C3/C2、C3/C0单一或多个指标异常的新生儿筛查标本,初筛阳性率约为1%,行联合筛查检测结果发现8例标本中甲基丙二酸和同型半胱氨酸表达水平明显升高,召回复查尿气相色谱质谱提示甲基丙二酸轻度升高。结论串联质谱和高效液相色谱-串联质谱联合应用可以提高新生儿MMA筛查的阳性预测值、降低假阳性率,在新生儿遗传代谢病筛查中具有重要价值。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测血清油酸及其在胰岛素抵抗中的应用

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测血清油酸(OA),初步评估OA在2型糖尿病(T2DM)胰岛素抵抗(IR)中的作用。方法用OA-[~(13)C_5]作为同位素内标物,OA和OA-[~(13)C_5]的离子对分别为281.3/281.3和286.3/286.3。ZORBAX SB-Aq C18反相色谱柱,流动相A为超纯水,流动相B为甲醇乙腈(1∶1,v/v),梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min。根据EP15-A3文件,考察精密度和正确度、线性范围、稳定性、携带污染率等性能以评价该方法的可靠性。选取临床确诊T2DM患者109例及体检健康者100例,用HPLC-MS/MS检测血清OA,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评价IR,进一步分析OA与IR的关系。结果建立的检测OA的HPLC-MS/MS特异性好,在10～1 000μmol/L范围内线性关系良好,y=0.007 55x+0.004 83,r=0.997 7,定量限(LLOQ)为10μmol/L,批内不精密度(以变异系数CV表示)≤1.62%,实验室内CV≤1.73%,方法精密度较好,适合临床血清样品的测定。与健康人对照组血清OA水平(113.20±58.00)μmol/L比较,T2DM组血清OA水平(425.58±220.17)μmol/L升高,且对照组和T2DM组OA与HOMA-IR均呈正相关。以OA诊断IR的AUC为0.689,当根据约登指数确定cut-off值为235.8μmol/L时,敏感性为70.4%,特异性为63%;当OA联合FPG诊断IR时,AUC增至0.806,且与OA诊断IR的AUC比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论建立了科学、高效定量检测血清OA浓度水平的HPLC-MS/MS,为动态监测代谢性疾病人群OA含量的变化提供了可靠的方法。     

液相色谱-串联质谱在全谱氨基酸检测中的应用

全谱氨基酸检测是指利用液相色谱串联质谱技术、采用同位素内标的方法,精确测定人体内42种氨基酸含量。全谱氨基酸失衡是众多疾病的诱因或表现形式,涉及代谢、肿瘤、免疫、病毒、心脑血管、神经系统、肾病、糖尿病、亚健康、老年病等各类疾病和儿童生长发育、营养健康、肌肉骨骼生长、激素分泌、解毒功能等人体各种健康环节。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测人血浆中碘帕醇

目的建立一种稳定的检测人血浆碘帕醇的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS),并对该方法进行性能评价。方法以氘代同位素作为内标,人血浆样品经直接沉淀法前处理后进样,用XSelect^TM HSS PFP色谱柱进行分离,用含0.1%甲酸-5mmol/L九氟戊酸-10%乙腈的水溶液等度洗脱;正离子电喷雾离子化扫描检测,多反应监测(MRM)扫描分析,建立检测血浆碘帕醇的LC-MS/MS方法。根据CLSI EP10-A和CLSI C62-A,评价该方法的线性范围、正确度、精密度、选择性、基质效应、稳定性。结果 LC-MS/MS检测血浆碘帕醇的线性范围为1～1 000μgI/mL(以含碘量计算);低、中、高浓度(3、50、800μgI/mL)血浆质控品检测结果与理论靶值的偏移为-6.1%～7.5%,重复性以不精密度表示,CV<6.6%(4.6%～6.6%),期间精密度CV<8.5%(6.6%～8.5%),方法回收率为92.5%～95.9%,基质效应为88.8%～95.2%;方法选择性良好,溶血和脂血因素均不影响检测结果。血浆样品在室温下放置最好不要超过48 h,在-80℃下反复冻融不超过2次,经前处理后的血浆样品4℃自动进样器中放置不超过72 h,碘帕醇可稳定检测。结论建立并评价了一种可靠的检测人血浆碘帕醇的LC-MS/MS方法。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测唾液皮质醇和可的松进展及临床应用

摘要：午夜唾液皮质醇检测作为库欣综合征的一线筛查指标，也可用于库欣综合征术后复发监控和药物替代治疗监测。可的松是皮质醇在唾液中的代谢物，同时亦是其干扰物，与皮质醇同时检测不仅能排除干扰，而且能鉴别外源性皮质醇污染导致的假阳性结果。液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测唾液皮质醇和可的松具有无创、简便、敏感性高、特异性强等特点。检测方法的核心在于通过样本浓缩和液相色谱分离技术实现皮质醇和可的松的分离及准确测定。因此，测定唾液皮质醇和可的松比传统的血清或者尿样更具优势,是血清或者尿样皮质醇/可的松检测的合适替代指标。鉴于目前国内相关的应用和研究报道较少，有必要开发和验证唾液皮质醇的LC-MS/MS检测方法，建立中国人群的健康参考值和疾病诊断值，为扩大这一技术的临床应用提供依据。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定25-羟基维生素D

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)同时测定血清中25-OH VD2和25-OH VD3的方法.方法 采用蛋白沉淀(PPT)和液液萃取(LLE)相结合的方法对待测的人血清样本进行前处理,然后取样本提取液用LC-M...     

液相色谱-串联质谱在肾上腺偶发瘤临床诊疗中的应用

随着检验技术的不断发展,肾上腺偶发瘤（AI）的诊出率不断提升。在临床诊疗中,基于液相色谱-串联质谱技术进行相关激素检测可评估该类患者的肿瘤有无内分泌功能。液相色谱-串联质谱技术具备高灵敏度、高特异性、多组分的优势,已成为检测小分子激素的金标准方法。质谱技术在糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素、性激素及儿茶酚胺代谢产物中的检测具有优...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测25-羟维生素D标准化专家共识

液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）是临床生化小分子检测的首选方法,常用于血清25-羟维生素D［25（OH）D］的检测。其虽有高灵敏度、高特异性、线性范围宽等优势,但因仪器、色谱柱、试剂、校准物、方法学及性能验证等因素的影响,也会造成同一个实验室内部及不同实验室之间的LC-MS/MS检测结果存在较大偏差。标准化是确...     

超高效液相色谱-荧光法检测精液中DNA甲基化水平

目的建立超高效液相色谱-荧光法(UPLC-FLD)定量分析精液标本中DNA甲基化水平。方法精液样本DNA提取、水解后,以100 mmol/L 2-溴苯乙酮为衍生试剂,在0.51 mol/L乙酸乙腈溶液中80℃加热60 min,生成脱氧胞嘧啶核苷(d C)和5-甲基脱氧胞嘧啶核苷(5md C)的荧光衍生物(λex=306 nm,λem=378 nm)。取1μL上清液进样,经Agilent C18色谱柱(2.1×100 mm、1.8μm)分离[流动相为28%甲醇+10%乙腈+62%水溶液(含0.1%甲酸),柱温40℃,流速0.3 m L/min]及统计学分析,并用临床样本进行验证。结果在上述最佳衍生反应与色谱分离条件下,7 min即可将精液DNA中的d C与5md C完全分离,无需消除RNA干扰;本法中5md C的检测限为2.5 pg/μL,线性范围为0.025~0.75 ng/μL,r0.99,日间、日内变异系数(CV)5.6%,衍生化合物室温条件放置30 h内比较稳定。临床精液样本结果表明,少弱畸精子症患者的DNA甲基化水平低于健康男性。结论建立的UPLC-FLD法可快速、简便、准确、稳定地检测基因组DNA甲基化水平。     

LHPC—MS／MS法测定人体血浆中丙泊酚浓度的评价

【目的】建立人血浆中丙泊酚浓度的高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC—MS／MS）测定方法,以评价其效果。【方法】采用LC—MS／MS法测定丙泊酚的浓度,色谱柱为Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18（50mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇及0．1％氨水溶液;流速0．4mL／min;电喷雾离子化电离源（ESI）,质谱采用MRM模式,以负离子检测,检测离子为丙泊酚m／z177．2→m／z161．4、麝香草酚m／Z147．2→m／z106．7。20名健康志愿者静脉注射丙泊酚2mg／kg后,按预定时间点抽取动脉血进行血浆药物浓度的检测。【结果】丙泊酚血药浓度在线性范围分别为0．012～12．06μg／mI。范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9993）,定量下限为0．012μg／mL;低、中、高3个浓度的日内及日间相对精密度（RSD）〈15％;平均提取回收率86．7％,RSDl．87％。【结论】本方法特异性强、灵敏、高效、精密度及准确度好,适用于人体血浆中丙泊酚的检测。     

LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中丙戊酸的浓度

目的建立快速、灵敏的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定人血浆中丙戊酸的浓度。方法采用乙腈沉淀蛋白法处理人血浆样本,选用Shimpack VP-ODS色谱柱(150mm×2.0mm I.D,5μm),以甲醇:5mmol/L乙酸铵(55∶45,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.4mL/min,采用API3200型三重四极杆串联质谱仪的多重反应监测(MRM)扫描方式进行监测,电喷雾离子化源,负离子方式,选择监测离子反应分别为m/z 142.9→m/z 142.9(丙戊酸)和m/z 179.0→m/z 179.0(1-庚烷磺酸)。结果丙戊酸和内标1-庚烷磺酸的保留时间分别为3.03、2.38min;血浆中丙戊酸的线性范围为0.800~80.0μg/mL(r0.99),定量下限为0.800μg/mL;批内、批间精密度(RSD)均小于15%;准确度(RE)均在±15%的范围以内;平均提取回收率为(84.1±2.4)%;平均基质效应因子为(104.3±2.0)%。稳定性试验中,在各种贮存条件下的血浆中,丙戊酸均较稳定。结论该方法适用于人血浆中丙戊酸浓度的测定及丙戊酸半钠缓释片的人体药代动力学研究。     

Semi-automated quantification of methylmalonic acid in human serum by LC-MS/MS

Abstract Background. Methylmalonic acid (MMA), a sensitive biomarker of functional vitamin B12 deficiency, is commonly determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods using manual extraction and derivatization of MMA to reduce polarity prior to separation. Methods. In the present study we introduce a semi-automated extraction on a strong anion exchanger, HPLC separation on a BEH-amide column to separate serum MMA from its abundant isoform, succinic acid, followed by MS/MS detection and quantification. Results. The extraction of MMA plus internal standard provides full recovery and the method is linear between 0.03 μmol/L and 20.0 μmol/L (r(2) =?1.0) with intra-and inter-assay imprecision of 2.2%. Agreement with other laboratories has been demonstrated in external proficiency testing. Compared to both conventional GC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, the correlation is r(2) >?0.99. Conclusions. The use of robotic pipetting, elimination of derivatization and improved separation by the BEH-amide column combined with HILIC chromatographic conditions significantly improve sample throughput compared to conventional methods. Using a single pipetting robot and LC-MS/MS instrument, this method is currently performing 180 analyses per day from10 regional hospitals and several additional distant sites.     

Measurement of glycated albumin in serum and plasma by LC-MS/MS

Background Diagnosis of diabetes and monitoring of long-term blood sugar are preferably done by measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Diabetic patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) may have short-lived red blood cells due to hemodialysis (HD), and thus higher turnover of hemoglobin. The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be lower than expected for these patients, even at increased blood glucose, possibly making glycated albumin (GA) measurement a better alternative. Methods The percentage of GA was measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fast and efficient trypsin digestion of proteins in diluted serum or plasma resulted in a high number of proteotypic peptides from albumin, including KQTALVELVK which was detected both glycated and non-glycated by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The percentage of GA was estimated by neat peak area response of glycated peptide divided by the sum of glycated and non-glycated peptide. Results Acceptable method reproducibility (6% CV), repeatability (2–6% CV), limit of quantification (0.75% GA), linearity (R²?=?0.999) and recovery (79?±?9%) was achieved without using calibration or isotope-labeled internal standard. GA was strongly correlated with HbA1c (r?=?0.84) for patients without ESRD. The average ratio of GA/HbA1c was significantly higher (p?=?0.0021) for ESRD patients (1.84?±?0.38, n?=?62) compared to other patients (1.67?±?0.28, n?=?225). Conclusion GA measurement by detecting glycation in KQTALVELVK with LC-MS/MS seems to be a useful supplement to HbA1c for detecting increased blood glucose in diabetic patients with ESRD.     

串联质谱法测定血清中20种游离氨基酸含量

目的建立串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定血清中20种游离氨基酸含量,为临床血清氨基酸检测提供可靠方法。方法血清样本未经衍生化处理,采用LC-MS/MS法,于电喷雾源(ESI)正离子模式下使用选择反应性离子扫描(SRM)进行定量。结果 20种氨基酸线性相关系数为0.9957～0.9999,日内、日间变异系数分别为0.5%～9.0%和0.6%～12.3%,加样回收率为87.6%～115.5%。样本在常温放置24h,8次冻融循环及-20℃冻存20d等条件下稳定性良好。结论该方法简便、稳定、定量准确,适用于血清氨基酸的临床检测,为氨基酸代谢疾病的临床诊断提供了重要的生化依据。     

Highly sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis of catecholamines in plasma

The catecholamines, epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) are important both as neurotransmitters and hormones, and measurement of E and NE in plasma is therefore of great interest in medical research. However, the low concentrations of E and NE in plasma require an analysis method that is both specific and sensitive.Plasma sample E and NE were extracted using solid phase extraction, and analyzed by an in-sample ion-pairing chromatography (IPC) LC-MS/MS method, that enables the ion-pairing reagent to be diverted to waste without entering the ion source of the mass spectrometer.The method was validated with good performance characteristics and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.20 and 0.02 nmol/L for NE and E, respectively. In conclusion, this work presents development and validation of a method for determining E and NE in plasma with a measuring range covering the entire reference interval for human plasma.     

三氧化二砷对肝癌细胞株HLE的细胞毒和诱导凋亡作用

目的：研究As2O3对肝癌细胞株HLE细胞毒和诱导凋亡作用。方法：应用MTT染色，流式细胞仪和电子显微镜观察As2O3对HLE细胞株的诱导凋亡作用和形态学改变，应用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)测试肝癌细胞内[Ca^2 ]i变化。结果：As2O3对肝癌细胞株HLE具有诱导凋亡作用，CLSM检测肝癌细胞内[Ca^2 ]i高浓度As2O3作用下48h达最高峰；在低浓度下96h达高峰。结论：As2O3对肝癌细胞具有较强的细胞毒和诱导细胞凋亡的作用。     

Sapitinib: reactive intermediates and bioactivation pathways characterized by LC-MS/MS

Sapitinib (AZD8931, SAP) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family (pan-erbB) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In multiple tumor cell lines, SAP has been shown to be a much more potent inhibitor of EGF-driven cellular proliferation than gefitinib. In this in vitro metabolic study, we tested the generation of reactive intermediates from SAP using human liver microsomes and a capturing agent (potassium cyanide) to trap the iminium reactive intermediates. The same metabolic reaction was further repeated in the presence of methoxyamine to trap aldehyde intermediates. The identification of SAP metabolites revealed that the hydroxylation metabolic reaction represents the major in vitro metabolic pathway occurring at the piperidine moiety. We characterized six in vitro phase I metabolites in addition to three reactive intermediates (i.e., two iminiums and one aldehyde), therefore suggesting two probable SAP-bioactivation pathways. We hypothesized that the piperidine ring nitrogen (cyclic tertiary amine) activated the two adjacent α-carbons within the ring. The oxidative dealkylation of the N-acetamide group led to an unstable aldehyde that was trapped using methoxyamine, generating an oxime adduct that was detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the structural characterization of SAP reactive intermediates.

Sapitinib is a competitive ATP inhibitor of EGFR and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (erbB-2). Two cyano and one oxime adducts, and six in vitro metabolites of sapitinib were identified using LC-MS/MS. The bioactivation pathways were characterized.     

LC-MS/MS systematic toxicological analysis: comparison of MS/MS spectra obtained with different instruments and settings

OBJECTIVES: To compare the mass spectra obtained using a linear-ion-trap (LIT) tandem mass spectrometer (QTRAP) operated in the "enhanced product ion scan" (EPI) mode with those obtained in the classical triple-quadrupole product ion scan (PIS) mode run on the same as well as on two other instruments (TSQ-Quantum and Quattro-Micro). DESIGN AND METHODS: After tentative standardization of ion fragmentation and transmission in both polarities using a reference compound (glafenine) on the three instruments, eight test compounds detected in the positive mode and five in the negative mode were systematically infused in different ionization sources and spectral acquisition performed over approximately 5 s. The relative intensity of the ions present in the resulting spectra was quantitatively and statistically compared. Also, the intra-day and inter-day variabilities of these relative intensities, as well as the effect of increasing compound concentration, were studied using QTRAP operated in EPI mode. RESULTS: The EPI and PIS modes operated on a single LIT MS/MS instrument resulted in significant differences in relative ion intensities in both polarities, and so did the other two instruments despite prior standardization with glafenine. Some fragments could be absent in certain spectra, but no unexpected or unique fragments showed up. Intra-day variability was smaller in the LIT EPI than in the regular PIS mode and in the positive than in the negative polarity. In EPI mode, both intra- and inter-day variabilities increased when the relative intensity decreased. The effect of increasing concentration on the relative intensity of major and minor ions was small but significant in both polarities. Finally, contamination and cleansing of the ionization source also had noticeable effects on MS/MS spectra, though the cause is unclear. CONCLUSIONS: MS/MS spectra do not offer the expected inter-instrument reproducibility despite an attempt at standardizing the fragmentation conditions using a reference compound. However, although the inter-instrument differences in ion relative intensity were significant, the spectra obtained looked almost similar. This suggests that in library searching algorithms, higher weight should be assigned for the m/z ratios than for their relative intensity in the spectra.