“达芬奇”机器人普通外科手术180例:中国单中心报道

目的:总结“达芬奇”机器人手术系统进行普通外科手术180例的临床经验.方法 我院在2009年1月至2010年10月应用“达芬奇”机器人手术系统进行了180例普外科手术,对病例的分布、手术过程以及术后恢复情况进行总结.结果 171例患者在全机器人下完成手术,9例中转开腹手助完成,中转率为5.0％(9/180).行肝门部手术63例,包括肝门部胆管癌手术36例,胆囊癌手术10例,复杂肝内胆管结石手术12例和医源性胆管损伤手术5例;胰腺手术44例,包括胰十二指肠切除术16例,胰体尾切除术6例,胰腺中段切除术1例,胰腺假性囊肿-空肠吻合术1例和姑息性手术20例;肝脏手术19例;胃肠手术12例;其他手术42例,包括胆总管探查取石术、腹膜后淋巴结清扫、脾脏切除术等.10例梗阻性化脓性胆管炎患者均在全机器人下顺利完成急诊手术,术后感染症状得以控制,休克很快纠正,无围手术期死亡病例.12例患者术后出现并发症,总并发症发生率为6.7％(12/180);死亡2例,死亡率为1.1％(2/180).结论“达芬奇”机器人手术系统可以独立完成各种类型普通外科手术,尤其是复杂疑难的肝胆胰手术,拓展了腹腔镜外科的手术适应证,推动了微创外科的进程.     

One Hundred Pancreas Transplants Performed in a Brazilian Institution

After decades of controversy surrounding the therapeutic validity of pancreas transplantation, the procedure has become accepted as the preferred treatment for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Between January 2001 and January 2008, 100 patients underwent pancreatic transplantation at our center: 88 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation and 12 pancreas transplantations alone. Pancreas graft management of the exocrine drainage technique involved enteric drainage in 8 (all simultaneous pancreas-kidney) and the bladder in 92 cases. The recipient systemic venous system was used for the pancreas graft venous effluent in all cases. Our overall results have shown that the number of functioning pancreatic grafts was 64 of 100. Graft losses were: rejection (n = 8), venous thrombosis (n = 9), arterial thrombosis (n = 1), or surgical complications such as anastomotic leak (n = 3), perigraft infection (n = 10), pancreatitis of the graft (n = 5). Most cases of pancreatitis (80%) had preservation times exceeding 18 hours. Despite surgical and immunosuppressive complications, our impression was that pancreas transplantation was a highly effective therapy for diabetes mellitus. After 7 years of the program and 100 transplantations, we believe that there is a major role for transplantation in diabetes management.     

Prevalence and Pathogenesis of Impotence in One Hundred Uremic Men

In a study of dialysis patients 79% of men complained of sexual dysfunction and 61% erectile impotence following uremia and the onset of regular dialysis therapy. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly higher in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (p = 0.001) but the incidence of sexual dysfunction was not different from patients treated by hemodialysis. Although follicle-stimulating hormone levels were higher (p = 0.001) and penile blood pressure index levels lower (p < 0.05) in patients with impotence, sexual function was not improved by exogenous testosterone, and vasculogenic impotence was identified in only 6% of patients. These findings suggest that a major component of uremic impotence is unrelated to primary testicular failure or penile vascular insufficiency.     

Disclosure of Funding Sources and Conflicts of Interest in Phase III Surgical Trials: Survey of Ten General Surgery Journals

Background

Discussions regarding disclosure of funding sources and conflicts of interest (COI) in published peer-reviewed journal articles are becoming increasingly more common and intense. The aim of the present study was to examine whether randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in leading surgery journals report funding sources and COI.

Methods

All articles reporting randomized controlled phase III trials published January 2005 through December 2010 were chosen for review from ten international journals. We evaluated the number of disclosed funding sources and COI, and the factors associated with such disclosures.

Results

From a review of 657 RCT from the ten journals, we discovered that presence or absence of a funding source and COI was disclosed by 47 % (309) and 25.1 % (165), respectively. Most articles in “International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)-affiliated journals” did not disclose COI. Disclosure of funding was associated with a journal impact factor >3 (51.7 vs 41.6 %; p < 0.01), statistician/epidemiologist involvement (64.2 vs 43.7 %; p < 0.001), publication after 2008 (52.9 vs 41.1 %; p < 0.01), and the journal being ICMJE-affiliated (49.3 vs 40 %; p < 0.05). Conflict of interest disclosure was associated with publication after 2008 (38.7 vs 11.3 %; p < 0.001), and with the journal not being affiliated with ICMJE (36.9 vs 21.3 %; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Of the published studies we investigated, over half did not disclose funding sources (i.e., whether or not there was a funding source), and almost three quarters did not disclose whether COI existed. Our findings suggest the need to adopt best current practices regarding disclosure of competing interests to fulfill responsibilities to readers and, ultimately, to patients.