544名实习护生艾滋病知识及态度的调查

目的了解实习护生对艾滋病相关知识、态度及相关影响因素,为有针对性地在实习护生中开展健康教育,进行艾滋病流行的干预提供依据。方法用整群抽样法,以班级为单位抽取共计558例实习护生,采取不记名自填问卷的方式进行艾滋病认知、态度问卷调查。结果实习护生对艾滋病知识处于中等水平,得分（9.49±3.16）分;对传播途径认识错误方面,62.5%认为感染HIV的孕妇分娩的婴儿也是HIV感染者、55.3%认为共用浴盆、游泳池传染HIV;在对高危行为认识错误中,44.3%认为肛交不传播,40%认为多个性伴侣不易传播;实习护生对待艾滋病的态度不容乐观,呈中等水平,得分（172.11±14.37）分。结论实习护生对艾滋病知识掌握不够,态度有待提高。对实习护生开展健康教育不仅要注重知识水平的提高,态度及高危行为的教育也很重要。     

实习护生PICC知识掌握程度与态度的调查分析

[目的]了解实习末期的护生对外周中心静脉导管(PICC)护理知识掌握情况和态度认识,分析其相关性及影响因素。[方法]采用非随机方便取样方法,自行设计问卷调查表,调查某校160名本专科实习结束的护生,并对数据进行统计学分析。[结果]100%的实习护生接触过PICC,对PICC的认可度较高,平均得分为32.00分±5.97分(总分50分),所实习医院的等级对PICC态度得分有影响(P0.05);PICC护理知识平均得分为64.87分±15.59分,不同学历、实习PICC相关科室数量、PICC途径输液次数、PICC冲封管次数、PICC操作失误次数对PICC护理知识得分有影响(P0.05);护理知识得分与态度得分相关性无显著性(r=0.170,P=0.032)。[结论]实习护生PICC护理知识得分为中等水平,相关知识掌握不够全面,但对PICC的认可度较高,两者无显著相关性。国内PICC的专业化应用起步较晚,实习护生获取PICC知识的途径较少,应加强护生在校期间PICC理论知识的教育,加强实习期间对PICC的认知和护理操作,提高专科临床操作技能,有助于护生的职业规划。     

实习护生防控外源性感染的现状调查

[目的]了解实习护生在临床工作中防控外源性感染的现状,为实习护生防控外源性感染相关研究提供依据。[方法]采用实习护生防控外源性感染量表对天津市4所三级甲等医院416名实习护生进行调查。[结果]实习护生防控外源性感染知识得分为30.01分±2.87分,态度得分为38.30分±3.89分,行为得分为84.07分±8.50分,总分为152.37分±11.77分。实习护生防控外源性感染知识、态度、行为得分与学历、带教方式、带教老师所传授的外源性感染知识有关(P0.05)。[结论]实际的教学工作中对于护生防控外源性感染不仅要重视其操作中的行为,还应重视理论培训和态度的引导,应该规范临床带教,在现有带教模式的基础上建立系统的实习护生防控医院感染的教育模式。     

713名大学生艾滋病知识态度行为的调查分析

目的了解大学生的艾滋病知识、态度、高危行为现状。方法采取目的抽样方法选取北京市、山东省、陕西省3所大学,以班级为单位抽取学生共计730名,采取不记名自填问卷的方式进行调查。结果(1)713名大学生对HIV/AIDS相关知识的认知总体上处于中等水平,(19．01±5．19)分;(2)大学生对HIV/AIDS的态度总体上属于中等水平,(108．10±9．95)分;(3)大学生HIV/AIDS知识、态度呈正相关(r=0．438,P＜0．01);知识、态度得分与行为得分均呈负相关(r=-0．133,-0．136,P＜0．01)。结论目前大学生对艾滋病的认知水平有待提高,态度有待改善,对大学生开展艾滋病教育不仅仅要注重知识态度水平的提高,对其进行高危行为的干预也至关重要。     

护理本科生对艾滋病相关知识及态度的调查分析

目的了解护理本科生(护生)对艾滋病(AIDS)相关知识了解情况及对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/AIDS患者的态度,为学校开展相关健康教育提供参考依据。方法 2011年2月采用问卷调查法,对285名护生进行调查,收回问卷276份,有效问卷257份。结果护生对HIV/AIDS相关知识平均得分为(21.2±3.8)分,对正确使用安全套知识平均得分为(3.7±1.6)分,各年级掌握情况有差异(P<0.001)。257名护生中,82.5%对因输血或注射感染HIV者持同情态度,33.9%和32.3%的护生对因婚前或婚外性行为、性服务者而感染HIV者持歧视态度。结论学校应对护生进行系统正确的HIV/AIDS相关知识的教育,培养护生正确对待HIV感染者/AIDS患者的态度。     

实习护生骨质疏松症知识的调查与分析

目的了解实习护生骨质疏松症知识现状，分析影响骨质疏松症知识水平的相关因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法，抽取北京市某三级甲等医院的164名实习护生作为研究对象，运用自行设计的骨质疏松症知识问卷调查。结果实习护生骨质疏松症知识得分（14．71±3．66）分，属于中等水平，其中运动知识答对率最低（49．86％），危险因素知识答对率最高（61．55％）；不同学历实习护生骨质疏松症知识得分差异具有统计学意义（F=4．394，P=0．014）；临床实习时间与骨质疏松症知识得分呈正相关。结论实习护生骨质疏松症知识不足，提示护理管理人员和教育者在学校应积极开展有关骨质疏松症的教育，使护生能够掌握相关知识，并能在实习期间加以强化，从而更好地进行自身预防，为患者提供相关的健康教育。     

实习护生标准预防行为依从性影响因素研究

目的 了解实习护生标准预防行为依从性现状,探讨其影响因素.方法 采用分层随机抽样方法,用一般资料问卷、标准预防知识问卷、标准预防态度问卷、标准预防行为依从性问卷对950名实习护生进行问卷调查,用Pearson相关分析、多元线性回归分析方法进行统计学处理.结果 实习护生标准预防知识、态度、行为依从性得分分别为(26.05±9.53)、(112.09±19.24)、(114.05±21.92)分,得分率分别为62%、66%、59%;行为依从性影响因素按照作用强弱依次为标准预防行为障碍认知、标准预防知识来源途径、标准预防知识、针刺伤情况、标准预防行为有利条件认知、教育程度、实习医院等级、自我效能.结论 实习护生标准预防行为依从性差,存在多方面的影响因素,应提高培养层次,加强临床实习基地建设,增进护生标准预防知识和技能培训,加强职业防护意识教育,改善标准预防态度,强化标准预防行为.     

实习护生艾滋病知识、态度及技能的健康教育效果评价

[目的]探讨实习护生预防艾滋病健康教育的干预效果,为艾滋病健康教育提供依据.[方法]在新疆医科大学护理学院随机抽取实习护生166人,对其进行多种方式的有关艾滋病健康教育培训,通过教育前后两次问卷调查进行效果评价.[结果]教育前后艾滋病相关知识知晓率和职业防护技能明显提高, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);培训前后态度得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).[结论]对实习护生开展艾滋病健康教育是预防艾滋病教育的有效方法.     

新疆地区实习护生包虫病相关知识认知度调查分析

目的 了解新疆地区实习护生对包虫病相关知识的认知状况及态度,为高校提高包虫病相关知识教育提供依据.方法 对在乌鲁木齐市包虫病外科治疗定点医院实习的406名护生使用自行设计的问卷进行包虫病相关知识认知状况及态度调查.结果 406名护生的包虫病知识总体得分为(14.7±2.7)分,不同民族、学历、实习科室的护生对包虫病相关知识的认知状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).85.2%的实习护生认为掌握包虫病相关知识有必要或非常必要,仅1.0%的实习护生对掌握包虫病相关知识重要性认识不足.结论 实习护生对包虫病的认知存在很多误区,但对掌握包虫病相关知识的态度表现积极.在护理课程的设置及临床带教上,对包虫病相关知识的教育应进一步加强.     

实习护生护理关爱行为及影响因素分析

目的 通过护理实习生护理关爱行为的自评,调查关爱行为现状及其影响因素.方法 采用关爱行为问卷和影响因素问卷对正在实习的100名护生进行问卷调查.关爱行为问卷采用台湾学者Lee-Hsieh制定的关爱行为测量问卷的初始条目,根据大陆的文化背景增删后形成.影响因素问卷为自行设计.结果 本组实习护生自评关爱行为得分(4.11±0.42)分,真诚、同情、尊重维度得分(4.19±0.39)分.职业关爱行为维度得分(4.02±0.49)分,不同性别、不同学历、不同选择护理专业方式的护生自评平均得分差异有统计学意K(P＜0.05).逐步回归显示临床学习环境和个人职业态度是护生关爱行为的影响因素.结论 实习护生关爱行为有待进一步提高,建议护理教育者加强对护生临床实习环境的改善和职业态度的培养.     

临床护生艾滋病知识、态度与护理意愿的研究

目的了解护理实习学生艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿度其相关性。方法采用问卷方法对68名护理实习生进行现况调查。结果护生的艾滋病知识均分为13．7分，对职业感染、不可能传播HIV的途径等知识回答正确率低。态度均分为0．89分，86．8％护生的态度分为正分，表示同情和支持艾滋病病人。但对因静脉吸毒、性乱、同性恋染上艾滋病者持歧视态度。护理意愿均分为77．7分，有25％的护生表示不愿意为艾滋病病人提供护理。相关分析表明艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿之间呈显著性相关关系。结论护生艾滋病知识掌握不够全面。对艾滋病病人护理意愿低。本文为此提出相应对策．     

乌鲁木齐市少数民族大学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为现况调查研究

[目的]了解乌鲁木齐市少数民族大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为及其影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施提供依据。[方法]采用统一调查问卷,在乌鲁木齐市4所高校随机抽取3676名少数民族大学生,进行横断面现场调查,了解少数民族大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为;采用多元线性回归分析方法筛选艾滋病相关态度的影响因素。[结果]艾滋病相关知识均分为9.94分（满分22分）,对艾滋病感染者的态度均分为1.96分（满分20分）;知识分值与态度分值呈正相关（r=0.326,P〈0.05）;多元线性回归分析表明,艾滋病知识、专业、年级是影响大学生对待艾滋病/人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者态度的主要因素。[结论]少数民族大学生艾滋病相关知识贫乏,对人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者与艾滋病病人存在较明显的歧视态度。高校应结合少数民族学生特点针对性地开展预防艾滋病健康教育工作,端正学生对艾滋病病人的态度,提高自我保护意识。     

Nursing students' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients in Finland, Estonia and Lithuania

This paper presents baseline data on attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients and homophobic levels among nursing students in three Baltic Sea countries: Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. The aim is to describe and compare nursing students' attitudes in these three countries and to explore how attitudes towards HIV/AIDS correlate with background variables. The total sample comprised 471 nursing students. The respondents demonstrated average attitude scores towards patients with HIV/AIDS and rather positive attitudes towards homosexually oriented patients. Significant country differences were found, with Finnish nursing students showing the most positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients and homosexually oriented patients. Previous experience of HIV/AIDS patients was the single factor with the greatest positive impact on nursing students' attitudes. Nursing students' willingness to provide care for an HIV/AIDS patient was associated with a positive attitude towards these patients. Length of employment experience correlated negatively with general attitude, and older nursing students with more work experience showed a more negative attitude towards homosexual patients. Proper education to achieve a sound knowledge base and good nursing skills promotes a more positive attitude to HIV/AIDS. It is important that nursing students are sensitive and show respect for the patient's human dignity. There is need for greater harmonization of education in the three countries.     

An investigation into whether nursing students alter their attitudes and knowledge levels regarding HIV infection and AIDS following a 3-year programme leading to registration as a qualified nurse

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a 3-year programme of nursing studies enabled nursing students to graduate from the course with greater knowledge and more positive attitudes towards HIV infection and AIDS than when they began the course. Students on a maths and information technology course were used as controls. The study involved the use of a questionnaire which gathered information about students' experience, knowledge, attitudes and moral judgement regarding HIV infection and AIDS. The experimental hypothesis stated that nursing students show a greater increase in knowledge and positive attitude change towards HIV infection and AIDS than maths students. The results showed significant differences between third year nursing students' knowledge about HIV and AIDS when compared with other groups but it was noted that knowledge levels for all groups was quite low. There was no difference between first and third year nursing students' attitudes and moral judgement about HIV and AIDS but there was a significant difference between nursing students and maths students. It was suggested that there is a need to modify nurse education programmes in order to have greater impact on this topic area.     

大专及以上实习护生循证护理知信行现状及其影响因素的调查

目的了解临床实习护生循证知信行的整体水平及其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的问卷对192名大专及以上学历的护生进行调查。循证知信行自评问卷包括循证护理基础知识部分（8项）、循证态度和信念部分（14项）和循证实践行为部分（8项）,采用3级评分法,每项赋分1—3分。该调查问卷的Cronbach’s α系数为0．910,知识、态度和信念及实践行为各维度的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0．850,0．897,0．893。结果共发放问卷192份,回收有效问卷180份,问卷的有效回收率为93．75％。护生的自评得分中知识、态度和信念、行为得分分别是（10．85±2．83）,（34．34±4．94）,（10．84±3．24）分。学习形式、循证护理培训、循证实践经历是影响循证知信行整体水平的主要因素（P〈0．05）。结论护生对循证实践的态度较为积极,但缺乏相关的循证护理基本知识,且较少开展循证实践行为。护生的循证护理培训应该加强,且越早越好。     

The effect of knowledge on nursing students' attitudes toward individuals with AIDS

The purpose of this study was to determine if increased knowledge changes nursing students' attitudes toward individuals with AIDS. A pretest/post-test design was used to administer a questionnaire, developed and validated in the United States, and adapted for use in this study. Subjects were total population of first to fourth year baccalaureate undergraduate nursing students attending a 1-day AIDS workshop. Questions dealt with knowledge and fears concerning AIDS and caring for AIDS patients, and attitudes toward homosexuality and toward the terminally ill. With the level of significance set at (p less than .05), post-test results indicated that all groups of students displayed a knowledge gain (p = .000) and a more positive attitude toward caring for AIDS patients (p = .001), particularly by e, first and third year students (p = .001). Although positive, younger students and students who had cared for AIDS patients were less positive. In this study, AIDS education had a positive influence on attitudes of nursing students. This finding supports the use of education to foster positive attitudes toward AIDS and individuals with AIDS.     

German nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and AIDS: two decades after the first AIDS cases

German nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and AIDS: two decades after the first AIDS case This study describes German nursing students' (n=180) knowledge and attitudes relating to HIV/AIDS, their homophobia level, willingness to care for people with AIDS, and their approach to possible sexual risk behaviours. A questionnaire was used to collect the data (response rate 97.8%). The results indicated that the nursing students had a rather high knowledge level concerning AIDS. However, there were gaps of knowledge, such as regarding AIDS immunopathology or the symptoms of the disease. Single nursing students and those having cared for a person with AIDS had a more thorough knowledge about the disease. In general, the attitudes towards AIDS and people with AIDS were tolerant and positive, and homophobia was only found with a small minority. Students having positive attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS had less homophobia compared to those having negative attitudes towards persons suffering from AIDS. Those with positive attitudes were more willing to care for patients with HIV/AIDS, while those with a high homophobia level were less willing to do so. In addition, students having a high AIDS knowledge level tended less towards negative attitudes and homophobia than those with a low level of knowledge. The implications of the research for nursing education will be discussed.     

感染科实习护生艾滋病相关知识、态度及护理意愿调查

目的：了解感染科实习护生对HIV相关知识的掌握情况,探讨消除对住院艾滋病患者的歧视以及改善护理意愿的方法。方法对106名护生进行艾滋病相关知识培训,培训前后采用艾滋病相关知识掌握情况、态度、担心感染和护理意愿问卷进行调查。结果短期培训后护生艾滋病相关知识正确率较培训前提高;对艾滋病错误认识的态度从（3．5±0．5）分降低到（3．4±0．5）分,担心感染从（4．1±0．9）分降低到（3．7±1．0）分,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为2．043,4．545;P＜0．05）。结论对护生的艾滋病相关知识经过短期培训是可以改善的,但其护理意愿即行为的改变不明显;在思想观念上,了解并深入认识疾病,提高积极行为还需要更长的时间。