幼儿特发性脊柱侧凸研究进展

幼儿时期的脊柱存在很大的生长潜能,因此幼儿期的特发性脊柱侧凸（immature idiopathic scoliosis,immature IS）是临床上的一个诊治难题。若处理不及时可以导致脊柱侧凸进一步加重、发展加快、影响心肺等系统的功能发育。手术干预处理过早则会破坏脊柱的正常生长发育规律,造成脊柱发育不全等。因此充分理解幼儿IS的特点对正确选择治疗时机和方法显得十分重要。本文通过分析最近的相关文献,对幼儿IS的基础和临床研究进展作一综述。     

青少年型特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗现状及其进展

青少年型特发性脊柱侧凸 (ＡＩＳ)是脊柱外科的常见病。随着新型支具技术和治疗方法的不断进步 ,尤其是外科技术的迅速更新 ,目前 ,ＡＩＳ的治疗正处于一个不断进步的阶段。笔者着重介绍ＡＩＳ的治疗现状和进展。1　支具疗法自 2 0世纪 6 0年代Ｍｏｅ首先应用支具治疗ＡＩＳ以来 ,支具一直是非手术治疗ＡＩＳ的首选方法。但在 80年代 ,有的学者对支具疗法提出质疑。基于这点 ,1995年Ｎａｃｈｅｍｓｏｎ和Ｐｅｔｅｒｓｏｎ〔1〕在脊柱侧凸研究协会的支持下采用随机多因素方法对支具疗法、电刺激和随访观察在脊柱弯度进展方面的作用进行研究。…     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸候选基因研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathicscoliosis,AIS)是指10岁以上儿童至发育成熟前的一种伴有椎体旋转脊柱侧方弯曲的三维畸形。多发于青少年,发生率为3%[1],女性患者高于男性[2]。其发生机制一直未明确,目前认为是多因素造成,如遗传、骨骼肌肉、生长发育、神经系统、内分泌系统异常等原因。近年来,遗传学方面的候选基因研究取得一些进展,本文对此方面研究进展做一综述。AIS患者家族发病明显多于一般的人群,表明     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者骨密度的研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scol-iosis,AIS)是发生于青春发育期前后的脊柱结构性侧凸畸形,是一种最常见的脊柱侧凸畸形,     

各国应用脊柱侧凸研究学会22项问卷(SRS-22)评价特发性脊柱侧凸患者健康相关生存质量的现状

特发性脊柱侧凸（idiopathic scoliosis,IS）是指原因不明的脊柱侧凸,其中以青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）最为常见[1]。近年来随着三维矫形理论和内固定器械的发展,IS的治疗取得了长足的进步。同时,     

青少年脊柱侧凸畸形患者超声心动图异常分析:特发性脊柱侧凸与先天性脊柱侧凸的比较

背景:脊柱畸形患者可合并有超声心动图(ultrasonic cardiography,UCG)结果异常,但文献中缺乏特发性脊柱侧凸(idiopathic scoliosis,IS)与先天性脊柱侧凸(congenital scoliosis,CS)患者UCG异常的比较.目的:比较青少年IS患者与CS患者UCG结果异常的发...     

Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸的研究进展

Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病(neurofibromatosis1,NF-1)是人类最常见的单基因疾病之一,它以神经嵴细胞的异常增生为特征,儿童及成人均可发病,发病率约为1/4 000~1/3 000[1],本病可以涉及人体皮肤、神经及骨骼等多个系统,脊柱侧凸是NF-1最常见的骨骼表现之一。NF-1合并脊柱侧凸由Gould在1918年首先报道[2],其后发现NF-1性脊柱侧凸在脊柱外科领域较为常见。作为一种特殊类型的脊柱畸形,NF-1性脊柱侧凸不论是病因,还是临床表现、治疗策略等都与其他类型的脊柱侧凸显著不同,有着其自身的特点,现综述如下。1 NF-1性脊柱侧凸的病因导致脊柱侧凸的原因…     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)是指年龄在10¹8岁,冠状面上Cobb角>10°伴有椎体的旋转而无其他器质性病变的一种常见病。该疾病能够导致身体外观畸形、疼痛,甚至心肺功能受损,严重影响了患者的身心健康及生活质量。在治疗上,对于轻中度的AIS患者常用定期观察、支具等保守治疗方法,能够有效的延缓侧凸的进展;对于保守治疗无效,达到手术阈值的AIS患者,则建议手术治疗,目前较为常用的手术方法是以椎弓根螺钉内固定系统为代表的后路椎体融合术,往往能够达到较好的临床疗效。近年来,由于物理治疗性脊柱侧凸特异性运动(PSSE)疗法安全有效,越来越受欢迎。目前对于AIS患者治疗的具体适应证正逐渐完善,治疗理念与技术在不断更新,临床疗效也不断得到改善。本文将从保守治疗和手术治疗两方面展开,主要阐述常用的治疗方法在临床上的进展和应用以及所面临的问题,为临床治疗的选择提供参考。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸病因学研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）是指青春期或骨骼成熟前发生的结构性脊柱侧弯畸形（在冠状面上Cobb角〉10°,且合并有脊柱的旋转）,而无其他器质性疾病。AIS在小儿肌肉骨骼系统中是发病率较高的畸形之一,占整个脊柱侧凸的70％～80％。尽管脊柱侧凸临床上已治疗多年,但是发病机制尚不清楚。近年来就其遗传、生长发育、神经肌肉、激素、结缔组织等方向做了大量的研究,本文就其病因学研究进展予以综述。     

软体支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）是指无明确病因,10岁至骨骼发育成熟期间的青少年脊柱向侧方弯曲＞10°的脊柱畸形,同时伴有矢状面及轴切面改变.AIS的发生率为1%～3%,其中仅10%需要医疗干预,其余的90%则只要密切观察.支具是目前治疗轻、中度AIS的重要方法之一.目前治疗AIS的支具有很多种,包括Milwaukee支具、Boston支具、Wilmington支具、Cheneau支具、Charleston侧方型支具等.从软硬度方面来看,这些都属于硬支具,所有这些硬支具都对接受治疗的患者的生活质量有正面的影响.已有大量综述对硬支具治疗AIS进行了总结,本文就软支具治疗AIS相关研究作一综述.     

Further development and validation of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) outcomes instrument

STUDY DESIGN: Outcome study to determine response distribution, internal consistency, and validity of a Modified SRS Outcomes Instrument (MSRSI). OBJECTIVES: Refinement and validation of the SRS Outcomes Instrument for idiopathic scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Experience with the SRS Outcomes Instrument suggested several refinements and the need for validation. METHODS: Following experience-based modification, the Modified SRS Outcomes Instrument and Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires were administered to 35 previously surveyed postoperative idiopathic scoliosis patients. RESULTS: Thirty (86%) patients with an average age of 25 years returned the questionnaires at an average of 10 years postoperative. Distribution of scores was acceptable. Internal consistency utilizing Cronbach's alpha was 0.80, 0.81, 0.77, 0.89, and 0.88 for pain, self-image/appearance, function/activity, mental health, and satisfaction with surgery, respectively. Validity, determined by Pearson correlation coefficients with comparable SF-36 domains, was 0.70 or greater for 13 of the 14 relevant domains between SF-36 and MSRSI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The SRS Outcomes Instrument is simple and internally consistent. Based on experience, a number of modifications have been made that improve the instruments scope and internal consistency. Finally, the instrument is valid in comparison to SF-36.     

The Scoliosis Research Society classification for adult spinal deformity

The management of adult spinal deformity is characterized by significant variability in operative and nonoperative approaches. Adult spinal deformity encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders of the spine, and the disparity observed in reported clinical outcomes of operative and nonoperative care reflects the heterogeneity of the cases studied. A classification of spinal deformity in adults is important in providing a framework for comparison of similar cases and for reporting outcomes on well-defined disorders. Existing classifications of scoliosis are limited in their applicability to adult deformity because they do not include parameters of lumbar degenerative change and regional sagittal alignment that are critical to decision making in surgical care of the adult. The Scoliosis Research Society classification for adult deformity is presented in this article. The purpose of this classification is to provide a framework for reporting similar cases and to contribute to the development of an evidence-based approach to the management of adult spinal deformity.     

Scoliosis Research Society. Multicenter spine fracture study.

This study consisted of 1,019 spinal fracture patients followed prospectively for 2 years. Sixty-four physicians from 12 countries participated. The purpose of the study was to determine: 1) the relationship between neurologic deficit and fracture type, level, and spinal canal compromise; 2) the neurologic outcome comparing surgical versus nonsurgical treatment and anterior versus posterior surgery; and 3) the relationship of pain to both kyphotic deformity and to surgical and nonsurgical treatment. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1) seat belts reduced the incidence of severe neurologic injury; 2) there was a higher incidence of neurologic deficit with fracture-dislocations and a higher incidence of neurologically intact patients with compression and flexion-distraction injuries; 3) there was a greater incidence of complete neurologic deficits caused by fractures at the spinal cord level, and a diminished incidence at the cauda equina level; 4) for burst fractures there was a weakly positive relationship between canal compromise and neurologic deficit, including bladder function; 5) surgical intervention led to a greater percentage of improved neurologic function than nonoperative treatment, but the rate of improvement was not statistically different; 6) anterior surgery was not more effective than posterior surgery in improving the neurologic function when function was assessed using the Frankel or Motor Index scales, but it was statistically significant when compared to the Manabe scale; 7) in patients who deteriorated before surgery and underwent surgery, there was a greater improvement neurologically, particularly for anterior surgery, compared to those patients treated nonoperatively or to the overall surgically treated group; 8) There was a statistically significant relationship between bladder function and fracture type, with an increased incidence of absent function seen with fracture-dislocations, of impaired function with burst fractures, and of intact bladder function with compression and flexion-distraction injuries; 9) anterior surgery was more beneficial in improving complete bladder impairment to partial impairment compared to posterior surgery; 10) a kyphotic deformity of greater than 30 degrees at 2-year follow-up was associated with an increased incidence of significant back pain; 11) patients who had surgery complained less of severe pain than those who were treated without surgery.     

Results of the Scoliosis Research Society instrument for evaluation of surgical outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A multicenter study of 244 patients.

STUDY DESIGN: An outcome questionnaire was constructed to evaluate patient satisfaction and performance and to discriminate among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. OBJECTIVES: To determine reliability and validity in a new quality-of-life instrument for measuring progress among scoliosis patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Meta-analysis of the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis determined that a uniform assessment of outcome did not exist. In addition, patient measures of well-being as opposed to process measures (e.g., radiographs) were not consistently reported. This established the need for a standardized questionnaire to assess patient measures in conjunction with process measures. METHODS: The instrument consists of 24 questions divided into seven equally weighted domains as determined by factor analysis: pain, general self-image, postoperative self-image, general function, overall level of activity, postoperative function, and satisfaction. The questionnaire takes approximately 5 minutes to complete and is taken at predetermined time intervals. A total of 244 of patients from three different sites responded to the questionnaire. RESULTS: The reliability based on internal consistency was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.6 for each domain. In addition, acceptable correlation coefficient values greater than 0.68 were obtained for each domain by the test-retest method on normal controls. Similarly; to establish validity of the questionnaire, responses of normal high school students were compared with that of the patients. Consistent differences were noted in the domains between the two groups with P < 0.003. The largest differences were in pain (control, 29.96 +/- 0.20; patient, 13.23 +/- 5.55) and general level of activity (control, 14.96 +/- 0.20; patient, 12.16 +/- 3.23). Examination of the relationship between the domains and patient satisfaction showed that pain correlates with satisfaction to the greatest degree (Pearson's correlation co-efficient, r = -0.511; P < 0.001), followed by self-image (r = 0.412; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire addresses patient measures for evaluation of outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery by examining several domains. It also allows for dynamic monitoring of scoliosis patients as they become adults. This is a validated instrument with good reliability measures.     

第50届国际脊柱侧凸研究会(SRS)年会纪要

<正>第50届国际脊柱侧凸研究会(SRS)年会于2015年9月30日~10月3日在美国明尼苏达州著名的双子城(Twin Cities)之一的明尼阿波利斯举行。明尼阿波利斯是SRS的诞生地,也是第1届年会举办地,今年又恰逢SRS成立50周年,因此今年的会议格外隆重,有来自美国和世界各地的近2000名脊柱及神经外科医师参加了此次盛会。