急性心肌梗塞尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗纤溶系统的变化及临床意义

观察４４例首次急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的尿激酶（ＵＫ）静脉溶栓治疗前后血浆ＵＫ抗原、组织纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）抗原、纤溶酶原激活物（ＰＡ）活性、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性、纤溶酶活性和纤维蛋白原抗原的变化。结果显示：（１）ＵＫ静脉注射的作用持续时间较短，注射后１小时和５小时，分别有５３．２％和９３．７％的ＵＫ抗原从血浆中清除。（２）与治疗前相比，ＵＫ静注后ＰＡ和纤溶酶活性升高、ＰＡＩ活性降低，纠治了ＡＭＩ时纤溶系统的功能紊乱状况。但是，停止ＵＫ注射后即出现ＰＡＩ“反弹”现象，ＰＡ和纤溶酶活性随之降低，说明溶栓早期存在反常的高凝状态。（３）ＰＡＩ活性升高程度与左心室功能受损及ＡＭＩ病情程度有一定关系。以上各点均提示，溶栓早期辅助的抗凝治疗尤为重要。     

PAI-1及其在血栓形成中的作用

纤溶酶原激活物抑制物１（ Ｐ Ａ Ｉ１） 是组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ Ｐ Ａ） 的快速抑制物。ｔ Ｐ Ａ 与 Ｐ Ａ Ｉ１间的动态平衡对维持血浆纤维蛋白溶解系统（ 简称纤溶系统） 的稳态起决定性作用。 Ｐ Ａ Ｉ１ 水平已成为血栓形成性疾病的危险因素。文章综述了 Ｐ Ａ Ｉ１ 理化特性、 Ｐ Ａ Ｉ１ 基因多态性同血浆中 Ｐ Ａ Ｉ１ 水平相关性及 Ｐ Ａ Ｉ１水平和血栓形成的关系。     

冠心病组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物的活性变化

冠心病组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物的活性变化邱建钱学贤刘映峰刘兰平我们比较了不同类型冠心病血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔＰＡ）和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性的变化，并探讨ｔＰＡ和ＰＡＩ活性变化与冠状动脉（冠脉）病变范围和冠脉狭窄程度的关系。对象...     

PAI—1及其在血栓形成中的应用

纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－１（ＰＡＩ－１）晃组织行溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）的抑制剂。ｔ－ＰＡ与ＰＡＩ－１间的动态平衡对维持血浆纤维是白溶解系统（简称纤溶系统）的稳态起决定性作用。ＰＡＩ－１水平已成为血栓形成性疾病垢危险因素。文章综述了ＰＡＩ－１理化特性、ＰＡＩ－１基因多态性同血浆中ＰＡＩ－１水平相关性及ＰＡＩ－１水平和血栓形成的关系。     

高血压患者凝血酶原纤溶酶原激活物和其抑制物测定

目的 探讨正常人各年龄组间和高血压病人血纤溶指标的差异及其意义。 方法 用发色底物法分别时≤３９岁（ｎ＝４９），４０￣５９岁（ｎ＝１４９），≥６０岁（ｎ＝６４）各组健康人和高血压组（ｎ＝５６）的血纤溶活性指标凝血酶原（ＰＬＧ），组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）和纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（ＰＡＩ）进行测定。 结果 ≥６０岁组和高血压组的ＰＬＧ和ｔ－ＰＡ明显低于５９岁以下各组（     

高血压患者凝血酶原及纤溶酶原激活物和其抑制物测定

目的探讨正常人各年龄组间和高血压病人血纤溶指标的差异及其意义。方法用发色底物法分别时≤３９岁（ｎ＝４９），４０～５９岁（ｎ＝１４９），≥６０岁（ｎ＝６４）各组健康人和高血压组（ｎ＝５６）的血纤溶活性指标凝血酶原（ＰＬＧ），组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）进行测定。结果≥６０岁组和高血压组的ＰＬＧ和ｔ－ＰＡ明显低于５９岁以下各组（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＰＡＩ则明显高于５９岁以下各组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论健康老人（≥６０岁）和高血压病人纤溶活性降低。     

早期糖尿病肾病血浆t—PA,PAI活性改变及其临床意义

早期糖尿病肾病血浆ｔ－ＰＡ、ＰＡＩ活性改变及其临床意义宋明强＊刘国良糖尿病肾病与凝血纤溶系统的相关性研究，近些年来极为人们所重视。本研究选用作为血液纤溶系统的关键成分——组织纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）两项对应指标作为检...     

急性心肌梗塞患者纤溶指标的变化及其临床意义

对３２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者及３０例正常人的血浆纤溶酶原（ＰＬＧ）活性、组织纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）活性、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（ＰＡＩ）活性进行了检测。结果显示，ＡＭＩ组患者ｔ－ＰＡ活性显著低于对照组，ＰＡＩ活性、ＰＬＧ活性则高于对照组；ＡＭＩ组死亡者的ｔ－ＰＡ活性显著低于存活组；再发ＡＭＩ患者纤溶活性降低而纤溶抑制活性增强；ｔ－ＰＡ活性持久而明显降低，预示ＡＭＩ患者病情严重，预后不良，并     

肺源性心脏病患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物—1的实验研究

目的：探讨血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－１（ＰＡＩ－Ｉ）与肺源性心脏病（肺心病）的关系。：发色底物法测定ＰＡＩ－Ｉ活性；将待测血浆样品稀释４倍加入９６孔酶标板中，与ＰＡＩ－１标准液一样：１００μｌ／孔，并以１００μ１ＴＢ缓冲液作对照。将纤溶酶原和发色底物分别溶于２ｍｌＴＢ缓冲液，混合两者，另取０．１ｍｌ缓冲液加速剂，并同结溶酶原－发色底物混合，混匀后３７℃预热２分钟，立即加１００μｌ至各孔中，取一有盖     

脑梗塞早期患者血纤溶系统活性状态分析

为明确血纤溶系统活性状态与脑梗塞发病的关系，采用病例对照研究方法，对３０例皮质动脉区脑梗塞（ＣＡＣＩ）患者、３２例穿通动脉区脑梗塞（ＰＡＣＩ）患者及３０名无心脑血管病等的对照者，以发色底物分解产色法测定血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔＰＡ）活性、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）活性及血管内皮ｔＰＡ释放能力和ＰＡＩ／ｔＰＡ比值，以综合判定其血纤溶系统活性，结果表明两种类型脑梗塞患者发病３天内血纤溶系统活性均显著低于对照者，为脑梗塞早期行溶栓治疗提供了理论依据。同时提出，再次脑梗塞可能与血浆ＰＡＩ活性高有关。     

氯沙坦和阿替洛尔对高血压患者纤溶系统及血浆血管性血友病因子的作用比较

目的比较血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)氯沙坦和β受体阻滞剂阿替洛尔对原发性高血压患者纤溶系统及血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)的影响。方法轻中度原发性高血压患者60例随机分成氯沙坦组和阿替洛尔组(每组30例),分别给予氯沙坦50mg/(次.d)或阿替洛尔50mg/(次.d),共治疗8周。每4周随访1次,4周时血压如不达标(BP<140/90mmHg)则加用双氢克尿噻12.5mg/(次.d)。治疗前后行血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)检测,并计算PAI-1/tPA作为纤溶参数,同时测定血浆vWF的含量。结果两组的基线血压等一般情况具有可比性。治疗4周及8周时两组血压均较治疗前显著下降,组间比较无差异。同治疗前相比,氯沙坦组治疗8周时血浆PAI-1和vWF水平下降(P值分别<0.05及<0.01),PAI-1/tPA也有显著下降(P<0.05),而tPA则无显著变化(P>0.05);阿替洛尔组治疗8周时血浆PAI-1和vWF水平及PAI-1/tPA均无显著变化,而tPA则有所上升(P<0.05)。治疗后血浆vWF两组间比较,差异有非常显著意义。结论氯沙坦治疗能改善原发性高血压患者的纤溶系统并降低血浆vWF,而阿替洛尔则未见有此作用。     

ACE/DD genotype is associated with hemostasis balance disturbances reflecting hypercoagulability and endothelial dysfunction in patients with untreated hypertension

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has been associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction. Recent studies have investigated a potential influence of ACE gene polymorphism on fibrinolysis or endothelial function. It has been previously established that essential hypertension is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and fibrinolytic balance disorders. The aim of our study was to study the relation between ACE gene polymorphism and fibrinolytic/hemostatic factors as well as endothelial cell damage markers in patients with hypertension. METHODS: The following parameters were evaluated in 104 patients with previously untreated hypertension: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The genotype of the ACE gene was also determined (by the polymerase chain reaction method), and patients were characterized according to the observed alleles as deletion/deletion (DD), insertion/insertion (II), or insertion/deletion (ID). RESULTS: Those with DD genotype (n = 42) had significantly higher plasma levels of PAI-1 antigen (P =. 012), tPA antigen (P =.0001), fibrinogen (P =.0002), D-dimer (P =. 0001) and vWF (P =.0004) compared with ID (n = 30) or II (n = 32) genotypes. The ACE gene genotypes appeared to be significant predictors for plasma PAI-1 antigen, tPA antigen, fibrinogen, D -dimer, and vWF even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the ACE/DD genotype is associated with hemostasis balance disturbances reflecting hypercoagulability and endothelial damage in patients with untreated hypertension.     

疏血通注射液对心房颤动患者血栓前状态的影响

目的研究疏血通注射液对心房颤动患者血栓前状态的改善作用。方法将63例心房颤动患者随机分为疏血通组和对照组,疏血通组应用疏血通注射液治疗14d,对照组除不使用疏血通,其他用药与疏血通组相同。治疗前和治疗2周后测量两组血浆纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)活性,D-二聚体(D-D)和血管性假血友病因子(vWF)水平。结果疏血通组和对照组在治疗前血浆tPA、PAI-1活性、D-D和vWF水平无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疏血通组治疗后血浆tPA活性显著性增高(P<0.05),血浆PAI-1活性、D-D和vWF水平均显著性下降(P<0.05),而对照组无显著性改变(P>0.05)。组间比较发现,疏血通组治疗后血浆PAI-1活性、D-D和vWF水平比对照组更低(P<0.05),而血浆tPA活性无显著增高(P>0.05)。结论短期疏血通静脉输注可以明显改善心房颤动患者的血栓前状态,这可能降低心房颤动患者的血栓栓塞危险。     

Hypofibrinolysis in patients with hypercoagulability: The roles of urokinase and of plasminogen activator inhibitor

The prevalence of abnormalities of fibrinolysis in patients with venous thromboembolism is as yet unknown. Defined abnormalities include congenital dysfunction and deficiency of plasminogen, and probably impaired plasminogen activation secondary to elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) or to impaired release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In this preliminary study, we analyzed plasma samples from 21 patients for whom an investigation for possible thrombophilia was requested. Twenty of the patients had venous thromboembolism, and one had arterial thrombosis at an early age. Two patients had deficiency of protein C or protein S, but no other recognized biochemical disturbances related to thrombophilia were identified. Patient samples and plasma from 25 normal controls were assayed for tPA activity, PAI-1 activity, and urokinase (uPA) activity and antigen. tPA activity and antigen were not significantly different in patients than in controls. PAI-1 activity was significantly greater in patients (P < 0.0001). uPA activity was not different in the two groups. However, uPA antigen was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls (P = 0.001). These data suggest that hypofibrinolysis leading to a risk of thrombosis may be caused not only by elevated PAI-1 activity but also by reduced total uPA concentration. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex and von Willebrand factor are significant risk markers for recurrent myocardial infarction in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP) study

An impaired fibrinolytic function due to elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 activity or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen is correlated with the development of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with manifest coronary heart disease. Recently, methods for determining the specific tPA/inhibitor complexes constituting tPA antigen in plasma have become available. In the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP) study, 86 of 1212 MI patients, subjected to blood sampling in a metabolically stable period, suffered reinfarction before the end of 1996. These individuals have been compared with an approximately equal number of matched MI patients without recurrence and a group of matched healthy control subjects regarding the plasma concentrations of some hemostatic factors. The hemostatic compounds studied (fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, tPA antigen, PAI-1, and the tPA/PAI-1 complex) were typically higher in the groups (men and women) with recurrence of MI compared with those without. The plasma concentrations were also typically higher in the pooled groups of patients compared with the groups of healthy control subjects. The largest between-group differences were found for the plasma tPA/PAI-1 complex. The crude odds ratio for reinfarction associated with higher concentration (>/=75th percentile among the control subjects) of tPA/PAI-1 was 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.1); the corresponding crude odds ratio for von Willebrand factor was 2.3 (1. 3 to 4.0). The tPA/PAI-1 complex correlated strongly with PAI-1 and tPA antigen in all groups and with serum triglycerides and body mass index in all groups except for women with reinfarction. An increased plasma level of tPA/PAI-1 complex is a novel risk marker for recurrent MI in men and women. Most likely, increased plasma levels of tPA/PAI-1 complex reflect impaired fibrinolysis, because the correlation with PAI-1 is strong. Further support is obtained indicating that the plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor is also an important risk marker for recurrent MI.     

Is thyroid hormone suppression therapy prothrombotic?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic thyroid hormone suppression therapy (THST) is prothrombotic.We obtained blood samples from 14 thyroid cancer patients while on THST and after they had become hypothyroid for radioiodine whole-body scanning and therapy. Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin, tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), PAI-1/tPA, and C-reactive protein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the hyper- than in the hypothyroid state, whereas protein C and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes were significantly lower during the hyperthyroid period. When the 10 female patients were hyperthyroid, their levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, fibrinogen, protein S, antithrombin, tPA, PAI-1, and PAI-1/tPA were significantly higher (P 相似文献   

氯沙坦对原发性高血压患者纤溶功能的影响

目的观察氯沙坦对原发性高血压(EH)患者纤溶功能的影响。方法观察34例EH患者应用氯沙坦治疗4周后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、内皮细胞型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)水平的变化,并与30例健康人作比较。结果治疗前EH患者血浆t-PA水平明显低于对照组,而PAI-1水平明显高于对照组(均P<0.01)。氯沙坦治疗4周后,血压明显下降,心率无明显变化,血浆t-PA水平增加,但无统计学意义,而PAI-1水平明显降低,t-PA/PAI-1比值升高(均P<0.01)。结论EH患者存在着内源性纤溶功能紊乱,氯沙坦可以改善EH患者的纤溶功能。     

Hypo-fibrinolysis in patients with hypertension and elevated cholesterol

To test the hypothesis that increased blood pressure and hyperlipidaemia result in changes in the fibrinolytic system, 84 subjects with both hypertension and elevated serum cholesterol levels (the high risk group) were compared with 55 controls matched with respect to age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen and activity were measured before and after venous occlusion. In the high risk group, tPA activity was significantly lower both before and after venous occlusion and PAI-1 levels were significantly higher. In a multivariate analysis the triglyceride levels, diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels were independently associated with the PAI-1 levels. Diastolic blood pressure was independently and inversely associated with resting tPA activity. We conclude that patients with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia have a reduced activity of the fibrinolytic system, an effect which is unrelated to differences in age, sex, smoking or BMI.     

Glycaemic Control,Smoking Habits and Diabetes Duration Affect the Extrinsic Fibrinolytic System in Type I Diabetic Patients but Microangiopathy Does Not

ABSTRACT The fibrinolytic system was studied in 43 type I diabetic patients with long duration of the disease, with or without evidence of microangiopathy, and in 26 control subjects. There were positive and independent correlations between tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity after venous occlusion and HbA_lc, and between triglycerides and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and tPA antigen concentrations before and after venous occlusion. The tPA activities both at rest and after venous occlusion were higher in the patients. There were no differences with regard to sex, hypertension or nephropathy for the levels of fibrinolytic variables in these patients. Subjects with retinopathy did not differ from those without retinopathy. Diabetes duration showed a significant negative association with tPA activity in multivariate regression analysis. Tobacco-smoking diabetics, as compared to non-smoking, had an increased tPA antigen release at venous occlusion, but also higher PAI-1 levels and reduced specific activity of the tPA protein. When assessed with the new specific assays now available, the fibrinolytic parameters appear to be specific indicators of endothelial dysfunction related to smoking and to degree of glycaemic control in type I diabetic subjects.     

氯沙坦和依那普利对心肌梗死后纤溶-凝血功能的影响

目的　探讨氯沙坦和依那普利对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者纤溶 凝血功能的影响。方法　将 41例AMI患者随机分为氯沙坦组、依那普利组和对照组 ,以发色底物法和ELISA法测定三组患者入院即刻、发病 2周、2个月的血浆PAI 1活性、纤溶酶原激活物 (tPA)抗原水平和血管血友病病因子(vWF)含量。结果　与对照组相比 ,氯沙坦组 2周和 2个月时的PAI 1活性分别减低 2 2 % (P <0 0 1)和 18% (P <0 0 5 ) ,tPA抗原水平分别减低 32 % (P <0 0 1)和 2 5 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;依那普利组相应分别减低 2 8% (P <0 0 1)和 2 1% (P <0 0 5 ) ,tPA抗原水平分别减低 38% (P <0 0 1)和 2 9% (P <0 0 5 ) ;两个治疗组之间差异无显著性。两种药物对vWF含量均无影响。结论　氯沙坦和依那普利可改善心肌梗死后的纤溶功能 ,长期应用这两种药物可能会降低心肌梗死后发生急性心脏事件的危险。