Management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization originating from the retina and/or optic disk in patients with diabetes mellitus. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor appears to be central in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Advanced glycation end products are important in the development of vitreous abnormalities in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The majority of the neovascular membranes are adherent to the posterior vitreous cortex. When the posterior hyaloid exerts traction, the edges of the neovascular complex are pulled forward, resulting in vitreous hemorrhage. Tractional and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachments can occur. The Diabetic Retinopathy Study demonstrated the ability of panretinal photocoagulation to reduce the rate of severe visual loss by 50% for eyes with high-risk characteristics, defined as neovascularization originating from the optic disk > 1/3 disk diameter, any neovascularization originating from the optic disk with hemorrhage, and neovascularization originating from the retina with vitreous hemorrhage. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study showed that patients with type II diabetes mellitus who were older than 40 with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (defined as hemorrhages in four quadrants, venous beading in two quadrants, or intraretinal microvascular abnormalities in one quadrant) also benefited from early panretinal photocoagulation. The Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study showed that early vitrectomy (within 6 months of onset of vitreous hemorrhage) was associated with better results in type I diabetes mellitus patients only. The goals of vitreous surgery are to remove the vitreous, including the posterior hyaloid, and to relieve traction from fibrovascular tissue. Delamination and segmentation techniques have been used in the excision of fibrovascular growth on the internal limiting membrane and extending into the vitreous. Panretinal photocoagulation is an integral component of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents may be used in addition to laser as an adjunct to reduce the risk of neovascularization. Vitrectomy surgery may have intraoperative and postoperative complications, including cataract, anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation, fibrovascular ingrowth, retinal detachment, and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. Visual potential depends on the preoperative and postoperative status of the macula, as well as on retinal perfusion and the health of the optic nerve. With the improvement in instruments, techniques, and drugs, the results of vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy are improving.     

Diffuse diabetic macular edema surgery: prospective study of seven cases followed up with optical coherence tomography

INTRODUCTION: A prospective study was performed in seven eyes of seven consecutive patients who had vitrectomy for diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME) with ILM premacular delamination as part of this treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients had retinopathy and DME. Only one patient had previous grid photocoagulation. In all eyes, there was no ophthalmoscopic evidence of traction from the posterior hyaloid membrane or proliferative tissue, but all patients had no posterior vitreous separation. A clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed in preoperative and postoperative surgery (1 and 6 months). Pars plana vitrectomy with separation of the posterior hyaloid was performed in seven cases. RESULTS: Only three patients had vitreomacular traction observed on OCT. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in retinal thickness 6 months after surgery. Best corrected visual acuity improved in four patients. CONCLUSION: Vitreous surgery can improve the visual prognosis of some eyes with DME with or without posterior vitreous separation, whether combined or not with vitreomacular traction observed on OCT.     

Total en bloc excision: a modified vitrectomy technique for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE: To report a modified vitrectomy technique for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: In the modified vitrectomy technique for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, core vitrectomy is performed, followed by separation of the glial ring from the optic disk using a hook or forceps. The posterior hyaloid membrane, including proliferative tissues, is lifted and peeled from the posterior to the peripheral retina without creating a window in the posterior hyaloid membrane. At any strong vitreoretinal adhesion site, the posterior hyaloid is partially removed, followed by membrane delamination. RESULTS: In the 18 eyes that underwent the modified technique, iatrogenic retinal breaks occurred less often compared with the 48 eyes that underwent the conventional technique. The difference was not statistically significant (P =.14), but the surgical time was significantly reduced (P =.0003). The glial ring and proliferative tissue arising from the optic disk can be readily separated, and other adhesion sites can be satisfactorily peeled after separating the posterior hyaloid membrane around the optic disk. CONCLUSIONS: This modified vitrectomy technique for proliferative diabetic retinopathy may be an alternative surgical technique to the conventional technique.     

Pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the internal limiting membrane in the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the benefit of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema refractory to laser photocoagulation. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS: Diabetic patients with biomicroscopic, angiographic, and tomographic evidence of diabetic macular edema persisting for at least 3 months after numerous sessions of macular photocoagulation were evaluated for inclusion. Patients with biomicroscopic evidence of epiretinal membrane or taut posterior hyaloid, previous vitreoretinal surgery, or active proliferative diabetic retinopathy were excluded. The main outcome measures were macular thickness, as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual acuity (VA). RESULTS: PPV with ILM removal was performed in 11 eyes of 10 patients (four men, six women; mean age = 58.2 years). Six-month follow-up data were available for 10 eyes (91%). At 6 months postoperatively, central macular thickness had improved by at least 20% in eight of 11 eyes (mean preoperative thickness of 421 mum compared with mean postoperative thickness of 188 mum; P = .007). Mean VA improved from 20/352 to 20/94 at 6 months (P = .002). By the most recent visit (range = 6-20 months postoperatively), VA had improved by at least 2 Snellen lines in 6 of 10 eyes treated with surgery alone. CONCLUSIONS: The early results of this ongoing study suggest that PPV with ILM removal may provide anatomic and visual benefit in some eyes with chronic diabetic macular edema unresponsive or unamenable to additional laser photocoagulation.     

Trypan blue-assisted vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of trypan blue dye for the staining and removal of the internal limiting membrane, epiretinal membranes, and the posterior hyaloid during pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 26 eyes of 26 patients in whom trypan blue 0.15% dye was used to stain intraocular tissues during vitrectomy surgery. RESULTS: The cases reviewed included the following diagnoses: epiretinal membrane (13), macular hole (9), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2), chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (1), and chronic diabetic macular edema (1). The application of trypan blue resulted in a useful and consistent bluish staining, facilitating the identification, delineation, and removal of the epiretinal membrane, internal limiting membrane, or posterior hyaloid in all patients. Six months after the surgery, visual acuity was better or the same in 21 of the 26 patients. There were no clinical signs of retinal toxicity in any patients. CONCLUSION: Trypan blue staining of the internal limiting membrane, epiretinal membranes, and the posterior hyaloid is a useful adjunct in vitreoretinal surgery and improves the efficiency and safety of membrane identification and removal.     

The significance of removing the anterior hyaloid membrane and lens capsule in the course of combined surgery in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Due to the specificity of complications and to peculiarities of the surgical approach the principles of cataract surgery have been changing, when combined with transciliary vitrectomy. The postoperative complications in surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) are often related with development of proliferative processes in the anterior eye segment. Therefore, a scope and a type of surgical manipulations in the anterior segment affect, to a great extent, the stability of the obtained result. IOL implantation is indicated for a limited category of patients with PDR. The feasibility of preserving the anatomic separation of the eye into the anterior and posterior segments by the anterior hyaloid membrane and by the posterior lens capsule is decisive in combined PDR surgery. In combined surgeries for PDR, transciliary lensectomy can be a method of choice for patients, who do not need IOL implantation.     

糖尿病视网膜病变大片硬性渗出的手术治疗

目的研究手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）大片硬性渗出（HE）后的结果及对术后视力恢复的影响因素。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象解放军总医院38～67岁合并大片HE的DR患者25例28眼。方法实施包括后界膜的玻璃体切除、视网膜前膜剥除及视网膜激光光凝治疗。手术前后行眼压、眼底、相干光断层扫描（OCT）和荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）检查。分析对术后视力恢复的影响因素。主要指标最佳矫正视力（BCVA）,术后HE的吸收、荧光素渗漏情况及黄斑区视网膜厚度。结果随访4-48个月（平均10．3个月）。最后随访时,23眼（82．15％）BCVA较术前不同程度提高。HE完全吸收者22眼（78．6％）。术后13眼BCVA〈0．1,原因包括黄斑部HE未全吸收、HE吸收后黄斑部视网膜下瘢痕形成、进行性光凝斑增大致黄斑部视网膜变薄及黄斑视网膜前膜形成。术后4-36个月,7眼BCVA下降,原因包括慢性前部缺血性视神经病变和黄斑水肿复发。结论包括后界膜的玻璃体切除、视网膜前膜剥除及视网膜激光光凝治疗DR大片HE患者对HE吸收有效,多数术眼视力不同程度提高。黄斑部HE未完全吸收和黄斑部视网膜的继发性病损、前部缺血性视神经病变和黄斑水肿复发是影响术后视力恢复及导致视力下降的主要因素。     

Triamcinolone-assisted Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Retinal Disease

Purpose:To determine whether triamcinolone acetonide(TA)staining facilitates posterior hyaloid removal in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal disease. Methods: A triamcinolone acetonide(TA)-assisted vitrectomy was performed on patients with the following disease: proliferative diabetic retionpathy(5eyes) , central retinal vein occlusion(5eyes) , macuar hole (3eyes) , and epiretinal membrane(2eyes). Eyes without apparent preoperative posterior vitreous detachment were enrolled in this study. After a core PPV, TA aqueous suspension (40 mg/ml) was injected into the mid vitreous cavity to visualize the posterior hyaloid, thus allowing a complete posterior hyaloid separation and removal. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), tamponade, corneal pathology, after-cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, and necessity for reoperation were thereafter examined for at least 3 months after surgery. Results: In all patients, the vitreous body was clearly seen by means of triamcinolone during surgery, and complete removal of posterior hyaloid was facilitated and confirmed. Retina was attached in 14 of 15 eyes, and vision acuity was improved in 9 of 15 eyes. Two eyes showed transient postoperative IOP elevation, 2 eyes had after cataract formation and leye had cataract progression. Vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 1 eye. No eye had corneal pathology. Conclusion: Triamcinolone improved the visibility of the hyaloid and the safety of surgical procedures during PPV. No obvious adverse effect due to toxicity of TA accrued in TA-assisted PPV. Eye Science 2005;21:142-146.     

Triamcinolone-assisted pars plana vitrectomy improves the surgical procedures and decreases the postoperative blood–ocular barrier breakdown

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a triamcinolone-assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on the visibility of hyaloid during surgery and the postoperative clinical outcome. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with proliferative retinal disease [8 with diabetic macular edema (DME), 10 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 13 with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)] underwent PPV, where the vitreous body was visualized by the intravitreal injection of triamcinolone solution during the operation. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), tamponade, corneal pathology, after-cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, and necessity of reoperation, were thereafter examined for at least 3 months after surgery. The anterior chamber laser flare cell meter was used on postoperative day 8 in DME eyes with triamcinolone-assisted PPV and with routine PPV to evaluate the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier. RESULTS: The vitreous body was clearly seen by means of triamcinolone during surgery, which greatly helped us to perform a posterior hyaloid resection safely and thoroughly. Six of 8 DME eyes, 8 of 10 PDR eyes, and 5 of 13 PVR eyes showed an improvement in their vision postoperatively. No eye except one experienced IOP elevation above 21 mmHg for 7 days. Six eyes had vitreous hemorrhage. The DME eyes which received triamcinolone-assisted PPV showed significantly less breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier than those with routine PPV (Mann-Whitney U-test, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Triamcinolone improved the visibility of the hyaloid and the safety of the surgical procedures during PPV and also inhibited the postoperative breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier. Although the long-term effects are still unknown, this method appears potentially useful as an improved treatment for proliferative retinal diseases.     

Acoustic studies in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Based on analysis of published reports and his own experience of acoustic studies (B-method) in more than 500 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the author concludes that preretinal fibrovascular membranes (posterior detachment of the hyaloid membrane with neovascularization) are often mistaken for retinal detachment. Acoustically detected solitary or multiple adhesions between fibrovascular and eye membranes are an important differential diagnostic sign indicating the absence of retinal detachment. These adhesions result from gradual staged "creeping" posterior vitreal detachment and indicate the sites of previous contact of the hyaloid membrane with the retina. In subtotal detachment of the retina there are no adhesions with ocular membranes and the retina acquires the configuration of a rigid fibrovascular membrane.     

Vitrectomy for diffuse diabetic macular edema associated with a taut premacular posterior hyaloid

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of vitrectomy in eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema associated with a taut posterior hyaloid. METHODS: Records of 55 eyes of 50 patients with diabetic retinopathy and diffuse clinically significant diabetic macular edema who underwent vitrectomy with stripping of the premacular posterior hyaloid were reviewed. In all 55 eyes, diffuse diabetic macular edema was present on contact lens examination and confirmed with fluorescein angiography. On fundus examination, the premacular posterior hyaloid was attached and appeared taut. RESULTS: The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 20/160, and the mean final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/80 (P <.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test), with 27 (49.1%) of the 55 eyes demonstrating improvement in best-corrected visual acuity of 2 or more lines. Fifty-two (94.5%) of the 55 vitrectomized eyes showed improvement in clinically significant macular edema and in 45 eyes (81.8%) the macular edema resolved completely during a mean period of 4.5 months (range, 1 to 13 months). Eyes with macular ischemia and preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or less tended to respond less favorably to vitrectomy than eyes lacking these characteristics. All eyes had at least 6 months of follow-up after surgery, with a mean follow-up of 23.2 months. CONCLUSION: In eyes with persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema with a taut premacular posterior hyaloid face unresponsive to laser therapy, vitrectomy with removal of the posterior hyaloid appears to be beneficial in some cases. Careful selection of eyes with favorable preoperative clinical characteristics may improve surgical outcomes.     

Filter Connected with Three-way Cock in Remove of the Vehicle in Triamcinolone Acetonide

Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) was widely used in thepast years because it has potent effect on the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), branch retinal vein occlusion ( BRVO) and cystoid macular edema (CME) caused by uveitis or proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR) [1]. In the year of 2000, Peyman etal[2] reported that transparent vitreous and posterior hyaloid cortex can be visualized during pas plana vitrectomy (PPV) by TA. Through this met…     

Surgical treatment for severe diabetic macular edema with massive hard exudates

PURPOSE: Massive diabetic macular exudates respond poorly to conventional laser treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the surgical results of eyes with massive hard exudates secondary to diabetic macular edema treated with combined pars plana vitrectomy, posterior hyaloid removal, focal endolaser treatment, and panretinal photocoagulation. METHODS: The author retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcome of 13 consecutive eyes (11 patients) with massive diabetic macular exudates. All patients had had at least one session of focal and/or grid laser treatment without any effect. Pars plana vitrectomy, posterior hyaloid removal, focal macular endolaser treatment, and intraoperative panretinal photocoagulation were performed. Postoperative visual acuity, evolution of macular edema, and hard exudates were recorded. RESULTS: All 13 eyes showed significant decreases in macular edema and hard exudates, a process that became clinically obvious 3 months after the operation. Eleven eyes had improved vision of at least two lines during an average follow-up period of 14.8 months. Intraoperative and postoperative complications included angle closure glaucoma (one eye), persistent vitreous hemorrhage (two eyes), choroidal detachment (one eye), intravitreal fibrin formation (one eye), epiretinal membrane formation (one eye), and neovascular glaucoma (one eye). CONCLUSION: Combined surgery may offer an opportunity for improvement of vision and reduction of massive macular exudates in patients with severe diabetic macular edema.     

Neovascular glaucoma and vitreous hemorrhage following cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus

The potential complications of cataract surgery in the general population are well known. In addition, cataract extraction in the patient with diabetes mellitus is associated with other potential complications common to this disease: neovascular glaucoma and acceleration of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with or without vitreous hemorrhage. We analyzed the records of 154 patients with diabetes mellitus who had undergone standard intracapsular cataract extraction in one eye only with the other eye serving as the unoperated control eye. We were able to determine the status of the diabetic retinopathy before the operation and to note the development of vitreous hemorrhage and rubeosis iridis/neovascular glaucoma after the operation. If either event occurred within six weeks of the surgery, it was considered to be a complication of the cataract extraction. Intracapsular cataract extraction in this diabetic population, without regard of the preoperative status of the retinopathy, was associated with a statistically significant incidence of postoperative rubeosis iridis/neovascular glaucoma (7.8% vs 0%). In patients with preoperative active proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the risk of developing postoperative rubeosis iridis/neovascular glaucoma was even higher (40% vs 0%). There was also a statistically significant incidence of vitreous hemorrhage after surgery in eyes with no diabetic retinopathy or background diabetic retinopathy (6.5% vs 0%). In patients with active proliferative diabetic retinopathy, there was an increased incidence of vitreous hemorrhage after surgery (20% vs 6.5%), but this was not statistically significant due to the small number of patients studied. Possible explanations for these findings are explored and therapeutic and prophylactic measures recommended.     

Triamcinolone-assisted pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy

PURPOSE: To determine whether triamcinolone acetonide (TAAC) staining facilitates posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: Ten consecutive pseudophakic patients (10 eyes) underwent PPV for RRD with PVR. After a core PPV, a few drops of a commercially available TAAC aqueous suspension (40 mg/mL) with vehicle were injected into the mid vitreous cavity to visualize the posterior hyaloid, thus allowing a complete posterior hyaloidectomy. Next, 0.1 to 0.2 mL of TAAC was applied on the retinal surface to visualize and peel the ERMs. The tamponading agent was silicone oil (1,300 cs) in eight eyes and perfluropropane (C3F8 14%) in two eyes. The minimal follow-up period in all patients was 4 months. RESULTS: In all patients, intraoperative staining with TAAC consistently improved direct visualization and delineation of the posterior hyaloid and ERMs and facilitated their removal. No adverse reaction related to the use of TAAC was observed immediately postoperatively or 4 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal TAAC may be an important adjuvant tool in the delineation of posterior hyaloid and ERMs, allowing for a more complete and safer ERM removal in the surgical management of PVR complicating RRD. It is well tolerated with all its vehicle if used at low concentration and rapidly removed during surgery.     

Electron immunocytochemical analysis of posterior hyaloid associated with diabetic macular edema

BACKGROUND: Tangential traction in the macula from a thickened posterior hyaloid of the vitreous has been implicated as a cause of diffuse diabetic macular edema. Vitrectomy with peeling of the posterior hyaloid has been shown to reduce retinovascular leakage and improve vision in select patients. We report a clinicopathologic correlation using electron microscopy and electron immunocytochemistry to characterize the membrane infiltrating the posterior hyaloid in two such patients. METHODS: Two patients presented with vision loss associated with diffuse diabetic macular edema and an attached, thickened, and taut posterior hyaloid. The patients underwent vitrectomy with peeling of the posterior hyaloid. The premacular posterior hyaloid specimens then were analyzed by electron microscopy with immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. RESULTS: Both posterior hyaloid specimens contained collagen and a large cellular component. Immunogold labeling showed cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein or cytokeratin. With double labeling, no cells expressed both proteins simultaneously. Clinically, both patients had vision improvement and macular edema resolution after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The thickened, taut posterior hyaloid observed in our patients with diabetic macular edema contained cells of glial and epithelial origin. This cellular infiltration may contribute to abnormal vitreomacular adherence and could play a role in the pathogenesis of macular edema in some patients with diabetes.     

TA玻璃体腔注射结合玻璃体切割术治疗PDR

目的:探讨曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切割术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)的优点和并发症。方法:对36例48眼具有玻璃体积血的PDR眼,术前5～7d玻璃体腔内注入TA0.1mL(40g/L)后行玻璃体切割术,术中玻璃体腔内注入TA0.3～0.5mL以帮助辨认玻璃体后皮质。结果:炎症反应程度:有4眼(8%)术后瞳孔区可见少量渗出膜,术后5～7d渗出吸收;15眼(31%)房水闪辉,术后3～5d,房水闪辉消失。所有病例都没有发现手术后感染。视力改善情况:39眼(81%)视力较手术前有不同程度提高(大于2行),7眼(15%)手术后视力较术前没有改善。眼压变化:玻璃体腔注入TA前后平均眼压比较其差异没有显著性;手术后1wk内监测平均眼压比术前高,其差异有显著性。手术后第3mo和术前相比,其差异没有显著性。结论:TA玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切割在治疗PDR中有较好的效果,临床上没有严重的并发症。     

早期硅油填充联合曲安奈德治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的 观察玻璃体手术中使用曲安奈德和早期硅油填充治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效.方法 增生性糖尿病视网膜病变,52例(52眼),行经平坦部玻璃体切除手术.术中使用曲安奈德标识病变组织,将其彻底切除.玻璃体腔内填充硅油.术前最佳矫正视力为0.05.术后随访8个月,观察视力、眼压、视网膜出血和增生情况,并及时补充激光治疗.治疗和随访期内,要求血糖控制在7.0 mmol/L以下的平稳状态.结果 术后8个月,无继发性青光眼或严重增生性反应.观察期内糖尿病视网膜病变无明显再进展表现.结论 在玻璃体切除手术中使用曲安奈德和早期硅油填充,能够有效减少术后并发症,并为及时补充激光治疗提供有利条件,较好的控制糖尿病视网膜病变的进展.     

Surgical removal of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization without removal of posterior hyaloid: a consecutive series in younger patients

PURPOSE: Subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) remains a common and important cause of visual loss. Previous studies have suggested that submacular surgery may improve or maintain visual acuity, particularly in younger patients. The majority of reported cases included removal of the posterior hyaloid during vitrectomy. The authors present a consecutive series of patients age 55 or younger with subfoveal CNV removal without posterior hyaloid removal. METHODS: Seventeen patients without age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), with subfoveal CNV from choroiditis, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, myopia, or idiopathic causes, underwent a small retinotomy technique to extract the membranes after vitrectomy without posterior hyaloid removal. RESULTS: Median improvement in visual acuity was from 20/320 to 20/50. Eleven patients (65%) experienced an improvement of three or more lines of Snellen acuity (average 7.5), 4 (23%) were within two lines of preoperative acuity, and 2 (12%) had decreased acuity, with an average follow-up of 12 months (range 3-31). Choroidal neovascularization recurred in six patients (35%). Postoperative retinal detachment, epiretinal proliferation, or macular hole did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of younger patients with subfoveal CNV not from ARMD, visual acuity was improved in the majority after submacular membrane removal. Omission of removal of the posterior hyaloid did not adversely affect outcome.     

岛状膜手术在晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变中的应用

目的 探讨晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变伴有视盘表面或上、下血管弓表面生长的大片新生血管膜,同时合并玻璃体出血或牵拉性视网膜脱离或牵拉孔源混合性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术,探究手术中的剥膜技巧及对此类患者玻璃体手术治疗的价值.方法 选择晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者106例(106眼),男性47例(47眼),女性59例(59眼),年龄44-69岁.早期对膜的处理采用传统的膜钩钩膜及撕膜技术,共55例(55眼),后期采用岛状膜技术,共51例(51眼).结果 两种剥膜技术对术后视力提高岛状膜组好于撕膜组,但因为两组患者都属于晚期患者,最好视力都不超过0.12,多数视力在0.02-0.08之间.但岛状膜技术组术中、术后并发症明显减少,减少了硅油填充率,减少了二次手术的可能.结论 岛状膜清除技术处理晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变优于传统撕膜技术,晚期增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变合并大片增殖膜、玻璃体出血及视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体手术后大部分仍能恢复一定视功能,仍有极大的治疗价值.