中国株HIV-1外膜蛋白基因疫苗诱导免疫小鼠免疫应答的实验研究

目的 :构建中国流行株HIV 1外膜蛋白 (gp12 0 )基因疫苗并接种小鼠 ,评价其诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答。方法 :将HIV 1gp12 0基因插入到真核表达载体pVAX1中 ,构建重组真核表达质粒pVAX1 GP12 0 ,并经EcoRI和PstI双酶切以及测序鉴定。同时以pVAX1 GP12 0和空载体pVAX1分别免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN γ水平 ,用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖 ,用乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)试验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞 (CTL)的应答。结果 :酶切及测序结果表明 ,成功地构建了HIV 1gp12 0基因疫苗。与空载体pVAX1组相比较 ,pVAX1 GP12 0免疫组小鼠血清抗HIV 1gp12 0抗体的滴度和IFN γ的水平均升高 ,两者差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。pVAX1 GP12 0免疫组小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的刺激指数 (SI)及特异性CTL的杀伤活性 ,均高于空载体pVAX1组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :构建了针对我国HIV 1流行株的gp12 0基因疫苗。以其免疫BALB/c小鼠可诱导特异性体液和细胞免疫应答 ,为进一步将其用于我国的HIV的治疗奠定了基础。     

Engineering enhancement of the immune response to HBV DNA vaccine in mice by the use of LIGHT gene adjuvant

DNA vaccines could induce protective immune responses in several animal models. Many strategies have been employed to improve the effect of nucleic acid vaccines. LIGHT is a member of the TNF superfamily and functions as a co-stimulatory molecule for T cell proliferation. In the study, the immunogenicity in the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses by HBV DNA vaccine and the adjuvant effect of LIGHT were studied in a murine model. The eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA-L was constructed by inserting mouse LIGHT gene into the vector pcDNA3.1(+). In vitro expression of LIGHT was detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay in transfected HeLa cells. MLR assay showed that LIGHT-transfected DCs induced markedly higher allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation than pcDNA-transfected DCs and untreated DCs at all dilutions. After BALB/c mice were immunized by three intramuscular injections of the HBV DNA vaccine plasmids alone or in combination with LIGHT expression plasmids, the different levels of anti-HBV immune responses were measured comparable to the control groups immunized with parent plasmid pcDNA or PBS. The HBsAg-specific splenocytes proliferation and specific cytotoxic activities of splenic CTLs in the coinoculation group were both significantly higher than those in the HBV DNA single inoculation group, and an enhancement of antibody response was also observed in the coinoculation group compared with the single inoculation group. Taken together, coimmunization of HBV DNA vaccine plasmids and LIGHT expression plasmids can elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in mice than HBV DNA vaccine plasmids alone, and LIGHT may be an effective immunological adjuvant in HBV DNA vaccination.     

Improved Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Against the gp120 V3 Loop of HIV-1 Following Genetic Immunization with a Chimeric DNA Vaccine Encoding the V3 Inserted into the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

The gp120-derived V3 loop of HIV-1 is involved in co-receptor interaction, it guides cell tropism, and contains an epitope for antibody neutralization. Thus, HIV-1 V3 is an attractive vaccine candidate. The V3 of the MN strain (MN V3) contains both B- and T-cell epitopes, including a known mouse H-2^d-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope. In an attempt to improve the immunogenicity of V3 in DNA vaccines, a plasmid expressing MN V3 as a fusion protein with the highly immunogenic middle (pre-S2 + S) surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) was constructed. Epidermal inoculation by gene gun was used for genetic immunization in a mouse model. Antibody and CTL responses to MN V3 and HBsAg were measured and compared with the immune responses obtained after vaccination with plasmids encoding the complete HIV-1 MN gp160 and HBsAg (pre-S2 + S), respectively. DNA vaccination with the HIV MN gp160 envelope plasmid induced a slow and low titred anti-MN V3 antibody response at 12 weeks post-inoculation (p.i.) and a late appearing (7 weeks), weak and variable CTL response. In contrast, DNA vaccination with the HBsAg-encoding plasmid induced a rapid and high titred anti-HBsAg antibody response and a uniform strong anti-HBs CTL response already 1 week p.i. in all mice. DNA vaccination with the chimeric MN V3/HBsAg plasmid elicited humoral responses against both viruses within 3–6 weeks which peaked at 6–12 weeks and remained stable for at least 25 weeks. In addition, specific CTL responses were induced in all mice against both MN V3 and HBsAg already within the first 3 weeks, lasting at least 11 weeks. Thus, HBsAg acts as a ‘genetic vaccine adjuvant’ augmenting and accelerating the cellular and humoral immune response against the inserted MN V3 loop. Such chimeric HIV–HBsAg plasmid constructs may be useful in DNA immunizations as a ‘carrier’ of protein regions or minimal epitopes which are less exposed or poorly immunogenic.     

小鼠对HIV-2 gp105核酸疫苗免疫应答的研究

目的: 探讨HIV- 2gp105基因核酸疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫应答, 为开发HIV- 2核酸疫苗提供实验依据。方法:将HIV- 2外膜蛋白 (gp105 )基因插入真核表达质粒载体pVAX1中, 构建pVAX1 gp105重组表达质粒。将其肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠, 用ELISA法检测小鼠血清抗HIV -2抗体, 用流式细胞仪测定CD4 、CD8 T细胞亚群数, 以乳酸脱氢霉释放法检测脾特异性CTL的杀伤活性。结果: 重组质粒pVAX1 -gp105免疫组小鼠的血清抗体滴度、脾T细胞亚群的数量及特异性CTL的杀伤活性, 均明显高于对照组, 分别为P<0. 01, P<0. 05和P<0. 01。结论: HIV -2gp105核酸疫苗能诱导小鼠产生特异性细胞和体液免疫。     

IL-18和HIV-1 gag-gp120嵌合基因DNA疫苗联合免疫小鼠的免疫应答

目的 :探讨IL 18和HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的DNA疫苗联合免疫小鼠的免疫应答。方法 :构建含IL 18的真核表达质粒pVAXIL18,将他与表达HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体滴度。结果 :联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体水平均显著高于单独免疫组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,空白质粒对照组 (P <0 .0 1)和PBS对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :IL 18和HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的DNA疫苗联合免疫可诱导小鼠产生特异性细胞和体液免疫 ,且IL 18发挥了免疫佐剂的作用。     

Factors limiting the immunogenicity of HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoproteins

Efficient immune responses to HIV-1 gene products are essential elements to the development and design of an effective vaccine. Ideally, both humoral and cellular responses will be optimally elicited. It is therefore important to elucidate any factors that might limit the immunogenicity of HIV-1 proteins that are likely to be included in an effective vaccine. Since the HIV-1 exterior envelope glycoprotein gp120 is a major target for neutralizing antibodies, it is a virtual certainty that this gene product will be a component of any vaccine that seeks to elicit neutralizing antibody responses from the host humoral immune system. We report here the testing of several HIV-1 gp120 variants derived from a primary isolate that appears deficient in eliciting immune responses at both the level of CD4+ help and consequently in the generation of high-affinity IgG antibody responses in small animals. Factors limiting an effective immune response include (a) envelope glycoprotein strain variation decreasing functional T-cell help, (b) alteration of the glycosylation patterns of gp120 by expression in different cell types, and (c) the native structure of gp120 itself, which may limit the elicitation of effective T-cell help during natural infection or during parenteral immunization in adjuvant. Such limiting factors and others should be considered in the design and testing of gp120-based immunogens in small animals and possibly in primates as well.     

Co-delivery of LIGHT expression plasmid enhances humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1 Nef in mice

The immunogenicity and efficacy of a DNA vaccine can be greatly enhanced when a gene adjuvant is used. LIGHT, a member of TNF superfamily, can function as a costimulatory molecule for human naïve T cells to proliferate and can be a potential gene adjuvant. In the current study, the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA-nef was constructed by inserting a full-length nef gene into pcDNA3.1(+), and an in vitro transfection experiment suggested that the nef gene could be expressed successfully in mammalian cells. BALB/c mice were immunized with HIV-1 nef DNA vaccine plasmids alone or in combination with LIGHT expression plasmids, and the specific humoral and cellular immune responses were measured. The data showed that HIV-1 nef DNA vaccine plasmids could induce anti-Nef antibodies, Nef-specific lymphocyte proliferation and CTL activity, whereas stronger specific immune responses were induced in mice when co-immunizing with HIV-1 nef DNA vaccine plasmids and LIGHT expression plasmids, suggesting that the eukaryotic expression vector encoding HIV-1 nef is capable of inducing specific immune responses towards HIV-1 Nef and that LIGHT could be considered as a gene adjuvant for HIV-1 DNA vaccination.     

Ⅰ型人免疫缺陷病毒gag-gp120嵌合基因核酸疫苗的构建与鉴定

目的：构建含Ⅰ型人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)gag—gp120嵌合基因核酸疫苗的表达质粒。方法：将gag和gp120连接后的嵌合基因插入到真核表达载体pVAX1中，构建真核表达质粒pVAXGE。用脂质体法将构建的重组质粒转染Hela细胞72h后，取转染的Hela细胞进行RT—PCR检测和和Dot—ELISA分析。结果：重组质粒转染细胞的总RNA中，可扩增出目的基因的转录产物。Dot-ELISA的结果显示，目的基因在Hela细胞内得到表达。结论：成功地构建了表达gag—gp120嵌合基因的核酸疫苗质粒，为HIV—1核酸疫苗的制备奠定基础。     

人免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)gag基因疫苗的免疫原性

目的 :检测人免疫缺陷病毒 1型 (HIV 1)gag基因疫苗的免疫原性。方法 :分别以ELISA、荧光抗体染色和乳酸脱氢酶释放法 ,检测免疫小鼠血清抗体滴度、脾T细胞亚群的数量和淋巴细胞杀伤效应。结果 :血清抗体滴度、脾T细胞亚群的数量及淋巴细胞杀伤效应 ,重组质粒pVAXGAG免疫组与空载体pVAX1对照组相比较差异显著(分别为P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)。结论 :HIV 1DNA疫苗质粒pVAXGAG在BALB/c小鼠中不仅可诱导特异性体液免疫 ,而且可诱导特异性细胞免疫。     

鼠疫耶尔森氏菌核酸疫苗的构建及其免疫学评价

目的获得鼠疫F1和V抗原的重组质粒pVAX1/F1和pVAX1/V,并比较其诱导的特异性免疫应答的能力。方法PCR扩增鼠疫菌F1和V编码基因,分别与pGEMT连接测序,构建pVAX1/F1和pVAX1/V重组质粒,转染COS7细胞。用细胞免疫化学方法鉴定目的蛋白的表达,重组质粒加GMCSF免疫Balb/c小鼠,观察免疫效果。结果F1和V均在COS7细胞中表达;免疫鼠体内产生特异性抗体,pVAX1/V所诱导的抗体水平比pVAX1/F1高;通过抗体亚型分析、细胞因子和CD分子等指标的测定表明所构建DNA疫苗以诱发Th1型免疫为主。结论成功构建重组真核表达质粒pVAX1/F1和pVAX1/V,并且均具有诱导特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫应答的能力,为鼠疫菌新型疫苗研制奠定了基础。     

Preclinical evaluation of cellular immune responses elicited by a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost HIV-1 vaccine

While DNA vaccines have been shown to prime cellular immune responses, levels are often low in nonhuman primates or humans. Hence, efforts have been directed toward boosting responses by combining DNA with different vaccination modalities. To this end, a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost vaccine, consisting of codon optimized HIV-1 env (A, B, C, E) and gag (C) and homologous gp120 proteins in QS-21, was evaluated in rhesus macaques and BALB/c mice. Humoral and cellular responses, detected following DNA immunization, were increased following protein boost in macaques and mice. In dissecting cellular immune responses in mice, protein-enhanced responses were found to be mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a Th1 cytokine bias. Our study reveals that, in addition to augmenting humoral responses, protein boosting of DNA-primed animals augments cellular immune responses mediated by CD8+ CTL, CD4+ T-helper cells and Th1 cytokines; thus, offering much promise in controlling HIV-1 in vaccinees.     

含密码子优化型HIV-1 gp120基因重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫效果研究

目的 构建能表达野生型和密码子优化型人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)B亚型中国流行株gp120基因的非复制型腺病毒。方法 按哺乳动物细胞偏好的密码子对HIV-1B亚型中国流行株Ch gp42的gp120基因进行优化，合成优化基因。将野生型和密码子优化的gp120基因插入穿梭质粒，再与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共转化E．coli BJ5183，获得重组子，转染293细胞后获得重组病毒。分别以两种重组腺病毒疫苗免疫小鼠，ELISA检测小鼠血清中的特异性抗体，乳酸脱氢酶法检测小鼠细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应。结果 获得两株重组腺病毒rAd-wt．gp120和rAd．mod．gp120，能正确表达Gp120。rAd-mod．gp120比rAd-wt．gp120蛋白表达水平明显提高。重组腺病毒免疫小鼠后能产生HIV-1特异性的抗体及CTL反应，rAd-mod．gp120组明显优于rAd-wt．gp120组。结论 成功构建了表达野生型和密码子优化的HIV-1 gp120基因的重组腺病毒，能诱导HIV-1特异性体液和细胞免疫反应。     

HIV-1CN54 DNA疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠诱发系统和黏膜免疫应答

目的：探讨重组痘苗病毒rVVsyngp120或rVVmCN54gp120候选疫苗是否增强HIV-1CN54合成gp120基因(syngp120)DNA疫苗的免疫原性。方法：第0、7、14、21天用DNA疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠,第28、35、42天再滴鼻接种rVVsyngp120或rVVmCN54gp120。体外测脾和肠系膜淋巴结(MLN)淋巴细胞增殖应答与CD8^ CTL应答。测血清和黏膜洗液特异的IgG和IgA,并测其是否中和实验室适应株HIV-1SF33。结果：单纯DNA免疫后,脾和MLN淋巴细胞在体外发生增殖应答和CTL应答,且测出血清特异的IgG和黏膜洗液特异的IgA。重组痘苗病毒末次免疫后第2周(第56天),发现rVVmCN54gp120增强MLN淋巴细胞增殖应答和CTL应答,脾CTL应答也增强。rVVsyngp120则增强MLN CTL应答。同时发现：2组重组痘苗病毒免疫的动物其血清中特异IgG抗体滴度均有所增高,但黏膜(粪便和阴道)洗液特异IgA抗体滴度却未增高,未测出血清特异IgA和黏膜洗液特异IgG。免疫血清可中和HIV-1SF33,而阴道洗液却不能。结论：单纯DNA疫苗滴鼻免疫可诱发较弱的系统和黏膜体液免疫与细胞免疫,但维持时间短。重组痘苗病毒主要增强局部黏膜的细胞免疫应答,且稍增强系统体液免疫应答,未增强黏膜的IgA应答。免疫血清有中和作用。     

人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅱ型核心蛋白DNA疫苗的实验免疫研究

目的　检测HIV 2核心蛋白DNA疫苗诱导Balb c小鼠免疫应答的能力。方法　将表达HIV 2核心蛋白DNA疫苗质粒pVAXIgag肌注Balb c小鼠 ,分析CD4 、CD8 T淋巴细胞的数量、脾特异性CTL反应、血清中HIV 2的特异性抗体水平。结果　重组质粒pVAXI gag免疫组与空载体pVAXI及PBS对照组相比较差异显著 ,血清抗体滴度及淋巴细胞杀伤效应为P <0 .0 1,脾T细胞亚群的数量为P <0 .0 5。结论　HIV 2核心蛋白DNA疫苗能诱导Balb c小鼠产生特异性细胞免疫应答和体液免疫应答     

HIV-2 DNA疫苗免疫小鼠的免疫反应观察

目的：用构建的HIV－2外膜蛋白gp105和核心蛋白gag基因的DNA疫苗免疫小鼠，评价其免疫效果。方法：将HIV－2型gp 105和gag基因克隆到表达载体pIRES1neo中，构建重组DNA疫苗质粒。间接免疫荧光试验证明，构建的DNA疫苗在真核细胞中表达了gp105或／和gag.构建的疫苗免疫小鼠后，用流式细胞仪测定CD4^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞亚类数，并用HIV－2抗体ELISA检测试剂盒检测免疫鼠血清中抗HIV－2抗体水平。结果：构建了3种HIV－2 DNA疫苗pIRES1gag、pIRSE1gp105和pIRES1gag-gp105，转染BHK细胞后均能表达抗原蛋白，免疫小鼠后可有效地刺激淋巴细胞增殖并诱导产生抗HIV－2特异性抗体，其中pIRES1gag-gp105免疫鼠中，淋巴细胞增殖最显著，而pIRES1gp105免疫鼠中HIV－2特异性抗体水平最高。结论：构建的DNA疫苗均能诱导机体产生免疫反应，其中pIRES1gp105诱导的体液免疫应答最显著，而pIRES1gag-gp105 诱导的细胞免疫响应最显著。     

Induction of specific immune responses by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike DNA vaccine with or without interleukin-2 immunization using different vaccination routes in mice

DNA vaccines induce humoral and cellular immune responses in animal models and humans. To analyze the immunogenicity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV, spike DNA vaccine and the immunoregulatory activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2), DNA vaccine plasmids pcDNA-S and pcDNA-IL-2 were constructed and inoculated into BALB/c mice with or without pcDNA-IL-2 by using three different immunization routes (the intramuscular route, electroporation, or the oral route with live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium). The cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, lymphocyte proliferation assays, enzyme-linked immunospot assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses. The results showed that specific humoral and cellular immunities could be induced in mice by inoculating them with SARS-CoV spike DNA vaccine alone or by coinoculation with IL-2-expressing plasmids. In addition, the immune response levels in the coinoculation groups were significantly higher than those in groups receiving the spike DNA vaccine alone. The comparison between the three vaccination routes indicated that oral vaccination evoked a vigorous T-cell response and a weak response predominantly with subclass immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibody. However, intramuscular immunization evoked a vigorous antibody response and a weak T-cell response, and vaccination by electroporation evoked a vigorous response with a predominant subclass IgG1 antibody response and a moderate T-cell response. Our findings show that the spike DNA vaccine has good immunogenicity and can induce specific humoral and cellular immunities in BALB/c mice, while IL-2 plays an immunoadjuvant role and enhances the humoral and cellular immune responses. Different vaccination routes also evoke distinct immune responses. This study provides basic information for the design of DNA vaccines against SARS-CoV.     

HBV和HIV的复合型DNA免疫可诱发BALB/c小鼠的细胞免疫应答

本研究是通过细胞免疫检测来研究含有两种不同病毒基因的复合型DNA免疫的效果 ,同时和单一病毒基因的DNA免疫作比较。在本实验中 ,将HBV的S基因和 (或 )HIV 1的gp12 0基因插入到真核表达载体pcDNA3中 ,得到能表达HBsAg和gp12 0融合蛋白的重组体pcDNA S 12 0 ,和能表达HBsAg的重组体pcDNA S。在实验中 ,将重组质粒DNA直接注射到BALB/c小鼠股四头肌内 ,按每只小鼠 10 0 μg/ 10 0 μl的剂量经 3次免疫后 ,在T细胞增殖实验中 ,用HBsAg蛋白刺激体外培养的被免疫小鼠T细胞后 ,出现了明显的T细胞增殖。采用51Cr释放法检测特异性CTL杀伤作用时 ,发现致敏的CTL对HIVgp12 0多肽孵育后的靶细胞P815有明显的杀伤作用。     

In vivo induction of cellular and humoral immune responses by hybrid DNA vectors encoding simian/human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B surface antigen virus particles in BALB/c and HLA-A2-transgenic mice

To improve the immunogenicity of epitopes derived from Gag proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and from the envelope (Env) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we have designed hybrid DNA vaccines by inserting sequences encoding antigenic domains of SIV and HIV-1 into the hepatitis B virus envelope gene. This gene encodes the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) capable of spontaneous assembly into virus-like particles that were used here as carrier. Injections of hybrid vectors encoding B-cell epitopes from the gp41 and the gp120 envelope proteins of HIV-1 induced specific humoral responses in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, high frequencies of IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cells specific for various antigenic determinants of SIV-Gag were observed after intramuscular injections of hybrid DNA vectors in BALB/c mice. Genetic immunization of HLA-A2.1-transgenic mice with HIV-Env/HBsAg-encoding DNA generated a strong CTL response and IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for HIV-1 envelope-derived peptide. H-2d-restricted HBs-specific T-cell responses dominated over SIV-Gag responses in BALB/c mice whereas HLA-A2-restricted HIV-Env response was enhanced after fusion with HBsAg. These data demonstrate that different B and T-cell epitopes of vaccine-relevant viral antigens can be expressed in vivo as fusion proteins with HBsAg but that the optimal immunogenicity may differ strikingly between individual epitopes.     

表达HIV-1 gag-gp120嵌合基因的DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫应答

目的 :检测表达HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫应答效果。方法 :将真核表达质粒pVAXGE肌肉注射BALB C小鼠 ,观察免疫小鼠脾T淋巴细胞亚群的数量、特异性CTL杀伤率及小鼠免疫后不同时间点血清中IgG抗体滴度。结果 :重组质粒pVAXGE免疫组小鼠脾淋巴细胞进行了增殖 ,脾特异性CTL杀伤率显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;小鼠免疫后于第 8周血清抗体达到最高。结论 :表达HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的DNA疫苗质粒可诱导BALB C小鼠发生免疫应答     

体内电穿孔在质粒介导的基因转移及DNA免疫中的应用

目的 研究体内电穿孔技术对于质粒DNA介导的体内基因表达以及HIV-1 Env DNA疫苗免疫效果的影响.方法 将携带荧光素酶Luciferase基因的表达质粒p1.0-Luc和携带HIV-1 CN54 env基因的DNA疫苗质粒p1.0-gp1455m通过单独肌肉注射或肌肉注射后加电穿孔两种不同方法 注射小鼠.用IVIS(R)活体成像系统实时检测Luciferase报告基因在体内的表达情况.用ELISA检测HIV-1 Env特异的抗体反应,用IFN-γ ELISPOT检测HIV-1 Env特异的T细胞免疫反应.结果 体内电穿孔技术可以显著提高Luciferase在小鼠体内的表达水平,幅度达35倍.HIV-1 Env DNA疫苗免疫结果 显示,8μg质粒剂量电穿孔途径诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答强于40μg质粒剂量单纯肌肉注射组;体内电穿孔途径免疫2次与单纯肌肉注射途径免疫3次诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答水平相当.结论 体内电穿孔技术可以大幅度提高报告基因在体内的表达水平和DNA疫苗的免疫应答.