相干光断层扫描在糖尿病合并白内障术前临床应用

目的：探讨相干光断层扫描（ OCT）在糖尿病合并白内障患者施行超声乳化术前的临床应用价值。方法选取2011年4月至2013年4月确诊为糖尿病,在我院行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者216例（259只眼）,术前均行裂隙灯下前置镜及OCT扫描检查眼底,并比较检查结果。结果术前裂隙灯下前置镜检查发现黄斑部病变55只眼,包括黄斑水肿15只眼,黄斑前膜8只眼,黄斑渗出16只眼,黄斑出血15只眼,黄斑裂孔1只眼;术前OCT检查发现黄斑部病变144只眼,包括黄斑水肿55只眼,黄斑前膜41只眼,黄斑渗出21只眼,黄斑出血23只眼,黄斑裂孔4只眼。两者比较,OCT眼底病变的检出率显著高于裂隙灯下前置镜检查（ P ＜0．05）。结论糖尿病合并白内障患者术前行OCT检查有助于提高眼底病变的检出率,对手术预后的评估有重要的指导意义,有较高的临床应用价值。     

相干光断层扫描对孔源性视网膜脱离黄斑区视网膜组织结构观察初步研究

应用相干光断层扫描（ OCT）观察孔源性视网膜脱离术前出现的黄斑结构改变及黄斑区视网膜水肿的发生情况。方法对42例（42只眼）视网膜脱离患眼在术前进行OCT检查,观察视网膜脱离后出现的黄斑结构改变及黄斑区视网膜水肿的发生情况。根据术前视网膜脱离发生的时间分为A组（＜3个月）和B组（＞个3个月）。结果（1）OCT 检查黄斑部形态：黄斑未出现脱离有13只眼,黄斑部分或全部脱离有29只眼,其中黄斑囊样变6只眼,视网膜水肿14只眼,视网膜劈裂2只眼,黄斑前膜2只眼。（2）黄斑区视网膜厚度的改变：未出现黄斑脱离和已出现黄斑脱离的视网膜厚度为比较,结果两者之间具有统计学差异（ P ＜0．05）;A、B两组的黄斑区视网膜厚度比较,两者之间无有统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）。（3）视网膜水肿的发生率：A、B两组的视网膜水肿发生率比较,两组差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论 OCT检查对孔源性视网膜脱离黄斑区视网膜组织结构研究有意义。     

白内障术前B超与频域OCT检查黄斑区图像的对照研究

目的：参照频域光相干断层扫描(频域OCT)分析B超对诊断白内障患者黄斑病变的准确性,从而为预测白内障术后视功能提供理论依据。

方法：通过B超来初步了解白内障患者的眼后段情况,如发现黄斑区回声有异常,可继续行频域OCT来进一步确诊。

结果：术前进行B超检查怀疑有黄斑病变的白内障患者178例217眼,进一步行频域OCT扫描。有213眼确诊有黄斑病变,其中湿型年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)70眼,黄斑前膜65眼,黄斑裂孔21眼,干型AMD 17眼,其他黄斑病变23眼,4眼频域OCT扫描显示为非黄斑区的后极部的其他病变。OCT完全扫描不到眼底的17眼,此17眼在行白内障手术后进行频域OCT检查均确诊为黄斑病变。

结论：多数白内障患者无法看清眼底,B超就成为了解眼球后段的重要检查手段。因B超操作简单价格低廉,检查范围广,对患者的配合程度要求较低,且不受屈光间质混浊的影响,所以普遍作为白内障术前的常规检查之一。当B超显示怀疑有黄斑病变时再进一步行频域OCT扫描,二者的诊断相符性极高。     

OCT对白内障患者超声乳化术后低视力原因的分析

目的应用相干光断层扫描（OCT）检查的图像特征对白内障患者超声乳化吸除术后低视力的原因进行分析。方法对术后第1~3天矫正视力低于0.3的68例（68只眼）超声乳化术后白内障患者进行OCT检查,分析其图像特征。结果在68例患者中,年龄相关性黄斑病变19例,其中干性11例,湿性8例;糖尿病性视网膜病变15例;高度近视眼底病变14例;黄斑视网膜前膜10例;视网膜静脉阻塞4例;黄斑裂孔3例;视网膜脱离1例;正常眼底2例。结论 OCT作为一种新型的高分辨率的视网膜成像技术,对白内障患者术后低视力的原因的诊断具有重要的作用。年龄相关性黄斑病变、糖尿病性视网膜病变、高度近视眼底病变可能是白内障患者术后低视力的比较常见的原因。     

高度近视并发白内障行超声乳化吸除术前光学相干断层扫描检查眼底病变的优势

目的:探讨光学相干断层扫描在高度近视并发白内障行超声乳化吸除术前检查中的优势与价值。方法:屈光度>-8.00D,尚可看见眼底的高度近视并发白内障98例患者于术前进行三面镜、眼底造影及OCT检查并进行对比。结果:OCT检查发现视网膜玻璃体牵拉2例,黄斑区出血4例,黄斑区全层裂孔4例,巩膜葡萄肿并黄斑萎缩3例,视网膜神经上皮层撕裂4例。眼底造影发现黄斑区全层裂孔3例,黄斑区出血3例,神经上皮层撕裂1例。三面镜发现黄斑区全层裂孔1例,黄斑区出血2例,神经上皮层撕裂1例。结论:OCT在高度近视并发白内障行超声乳化吸除术前检查中对眼底疾病的检出率高于眼底造影和三面镜。     

OCT在白内障超声乳化术后黄斑微小病变早期诊断中的应用

目的探讨应用光学相干断层成像术（optical coherence tomography,OCT）早期诊断白内障超声乳化术后低视力眼黄斑微小病变的作用。方法对行白内障超声乳化术后3d，最佳矫正视力低于0．3，排除眼前节和光学通路等并发症、眼底镜检查怀疑黄斑病变的患者31例31眼行黄斑OCT检查，对所得结果进行分析。结果黄斑OCT检查：16眼为黄斑水肿，其中并发视网膜前膜形成者7眼；13眼为黄斑板层裂孔；2眼为黄斑区视网膜劈裂。结论在影响白内障超声乳化术后视功能恢复的各种因素中，以视网膜特别是黄斑区视网膜微小病变为主，OCT作为一种新型的高分辨率的视网膜断层成像技术，对于白内障术后造成低视力的黄斑微小病变的早期诊断、病情追踪和治疗效果观察均具有指导作用。[眼科新进展2005；25（5）：434—435]     

特发性黄斑前膜的频域光相干断层扫描特征以及与视力的相互关系

目的 观察特发性黄斑前膜的光相干断层扫描（OCT）特征以及与患者视力的相互关系。方法 回顾分析2008年5月至12月间确诊的特发性黄斑前膜患者112例116只眼的临床资料。所有患者均进行最佳矫正视力、眼底和OCT检查。视力采用LogMAR视力表检查;眼底检查采用直接检眼镜和前置镜检查;OCT检查采用Zeiss HD-OCT,扫描速度27 000 A扫描/s, 扫描区域6.0 mm×6.0 mm,扫描模式为512×128。根据OCT检查所见的黄斑前膜对视网膜不同牵引情况对黄斑前膜进行分类,测量黄斑中心厚度（CFT）、体积、平均厚度以及黄斑中心凹厚度（FT）。采用SPSS16.0软件对患者的各项OCT检查指标和临床检查结果进行统计分析。结果 116只黄斑前膜眼可分为无视网膜牵引、切线方向或切线方向合并前后方向牵引3种情况,各自分别占本组患眼的9.48%、84.48%、6.04%。97只眼合并视网膜水肿,占总眼数的83.62%;水肿分别位于外核层(ONL),外网状层(OPL),内核层(INL)。14只眼合并视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)劈裂,占总眼数的1207%;27只眼有视细胞内外节（IS/OS）损伤,占总眼数的23.28%。CFT与视力密切相关（P<0.05）,而体积、平均厚度和FT与视力无相关性（P＞0.05）。患者年龄、性别、不同种类的视网膜牵引、是否合并板层孔、IS/OS损伤和RNFL劈裂等与视力无相关性。结论 特发性黄斑前膜的OCT特征可表现为有无视网膜牵引以及视网膜水肿和视网膜神经纤维层劈裂。在CFT、体积、平均厚度以及FT等黄斑区OCT测量指标中,CFT与患者的视力关系最为密切。     

相干光断层成像对病理性近视黄斑区的临床观察

目的探讨相干光断层成像（OCT）在观察高度近视患者黄斑区视网膜各层次结构变化的临床意义。方法对45例（66只眼）诊断为病理性近视的患者进行回顾性研究。全部病例均采用OCT进行扫描,详细分析患者黄斑区的结构变化。结果本组66只眼患者中继发性视网膜劈裂、脉络膜新生血管29只眼,单纯视网膜下出血5只眼,黄斑裂孔6只眼,视网膜前膜6只眼,玻璃体黄斑牵引5只眼,瘢痕16只眼。结论 OCT在观察病理性近视患者黄斑区结构变化中,有着独特的、不可或缺的作用。     

白内障术前频域相干光断层扫描对黄斑疾病诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨白内障术前频域相干光断层扫描（SD-OCT）对黄斑疾病的诊断价值。方法随机选取2012年1～10月在本院准备行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术患者共418例（418眼）,分别采用双目间接检眼镜及海德堡公司生产的Spectralis OCT对所有患者进行术前黄斑区视网膜检查,判断黄斑疾病。术后1～2d再行检眼镜及OCT检查随访,阳性病例及疑似病例于术后1周进行荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）或吲哚青绿血管造影（ICGA）检查。对比检眼镜与OCT2种检查方法在白内障术前对黄斑疾病的检出率。结果术后最终确诊为黄斑疾病42例。白内障术前,289例成功获取OCT图像,占总数69．14％,其中36例显示有不同类型的黄斑疾病,检出率为85．71％;206例通过双目间接检眼镜可查见眼底,其中14例显示有黄斑病变,检出率为33．33％。2种方法在白内障术前对黄斑疾病检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论与传统的双目间接检眼镜相比,SD-OCT可以大大提高白内障术前黄斑疾病的检出率,有利于对白内障术后预后效果的判断。SD．OCT在白内障术前对黄斑疾病的诊断具有较高的临床价值,可广泛应用于白内障术前检杏。     

相干光断层扫描对532nm激光治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效观察

目的评价使用相干光断层扫描（OCT）对532 nm激光治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效进行观察的有效性。方法对糖尿病性有临床意义的黄斑部水肿病例46例（61只眼）,给予532 nm激光黄斑格栅样光凝、局灶光凝以及全视网膜光凝,在治疗前、治疗后3个月分别进行裸眼视力、眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影及OCT黄斑区视网膜厚度及视网膜容积等检查。比较光凝前后黄斑区视网膜厚度和视网膜容积的变化。结果在46例（61只眼）中,41只眼视力提高,17只眼不变,所有患者荧光素眼底血管造影显示黄斑区荧光渗漏不同程度减轻或消失,OCT显示光凝治疗前黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮厚度为（354.7±93.2）μm,光凝3个月后为（203.5±49.6）μm（P〈0.05）,光凝治疗前黄斑区6 mm直径神经上皮总体容积为（8.32±0.53）mm3,光凝3个月后为（7.24±0.41）mm3（P〈0.05）。结论 OCT可以对糖尿病性黄斑水肿进行定量的诊断,并且可以对激光光凝治疗后黄斑水肿的消退进行准确的测量和评价。     

巩膜扣带手术后视物变形的原因分析

目的 探讨巩膜扣带手术后视网膜复位患者视物变形的原因。 方法 对巩膜扣带手术后视网膜成功复位的79例79只眼行临床观察，手术后2周、2、6个月及1年时行Amsler表检查，分为视物变形组和无视物变形组；同时行检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）和光相干断层扫描（OCT）检查。并对手术后2周视物变形10只眼和正常人10只眼行视盘-中心凹角测量。 结果 79只眼手术后2周51只眼（64.56%）视物变形，视物变形眼和正常眼的视盘-中心凹角无明显差异(P=0.880)。79只眼中44只眼(视物变形组35只眼，无视物变形组9只眼) 手术后2周时检查OCT和FFA ，视物变形组OCT发现黄斑结构异常31只眼(88.57%)，有7种类型，主要为神经上皮层脱离（74.29%）；FFA发现黄斑结构异常6只眼(17.14%)，也主要为神经上皮层脱离(66.67%)。无视物变形组OCT发现神经上皮层脱离和色素上皮层脱离各1只眼，FFA未见异常。手术后2、6个月、1年时随访，各有18只眼（18/28）、5只眼(5/9)和3只眼(3/7)异常黄斑结构好转，视物变形减轻或消失；而黄斑前膜形成后未见明显变化，视物变形严重而持续。 结论 巩膜扣带手术后视物变形的主要原因是黄斑结构异常，手术后早期和晚期视物变形的主要原因分别是神经上皮层脱离和黄斑前膜。（中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：94-97）     

裂孔性视网膜脱离手术后黄斑区光相干断层扫描检查的临床意义

目的 了解光相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT)对检测巩膜扣带术后黄斑形态改变及与视功能的意义。 方法 应用Zeiss-Humphrey OCT检查仪对68例(70只眼)巩膜扣带术复位成功的患者黄斑区进行经中心凹水平、垂直扫描，观察黄斑形态。 结果 70只受检眼中，黄斑区结构正常22只眼，神经上皮平均厚度为(146.47±20.59)μm，黄斑结构异常48只眼，检测异常率为68.6%，其中黄斑区视网膜神经上皮下较多残液“间隙”存留19只眼，局限性残液存留9只眼；黄斑区视网膜水肿8只眼，神经上皮变薄4只眼，黄斑区、后极部视网膜下增生4只眼，黄斑、后极部视网膜前膜4只眼。OCT黄斑结构正常组，手术后2周视力≥0.3者：6只眼，3个月时有14只眼；黄斑水肿组8只眼，手术后2周视力≥0.3者：1只眼，3个月时有2只眼；视网膜神经上皮下残存液体，手术后2周视力≥0.3者5只眼，3个月时有23只眼，说明巩膜扣带术后的黄斑结构变化与手术后视功能存在一定关系。随访3个月时，黄斑正常组、神经上皮脱离组和其它病变组视力在03以上所占的比例差异有显著性的意义(χ2=18.91, P＜0.01)。 结论 OCT能精确地探查视网膜复位术后黄斑结构的变化，并且能较好地解释患眼视功能变化。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 266-268)     

糖尿病患者超声乳化白内障吸出术后 黄斑改变的光学相干断层扫描

目的观察超声乳化白内障吸出术对糖尿病患者黄斑结构的影响。 方法对比分析30例行超声乳化白内障吸出术的糖尿病患者手术 眼与对侧未手术眼以及30例无糖尿病行超声乳化白内障吸出术者手术前及术后1 d、1个月时 黄斑中心凹厚度的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT) 测量资料。 结果糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化手术眼手术前黄斑中心凹的平 均厚度为(148．5±27．7)μm,术后平均厚度为(219．4±68．23) μm,二者比较差异有显著性意义(P<0．05);未手术眼初次检查黄斑中心凹平均厚度为(147．4±27．5) μm,1个月后复查为(148．2±27．3) μm,二者比较差异无显著性意义(P>0．05)。无糖尿病行白内障超声乳化手术眼术前黄斑中心凹平均厚度为(142．37±12．7) μm,术后为(151．9±23．7) μm,二者比较差异无显著性意义(P>0．05)。糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化手术组术后新增黄斑水肿11只眼,原有黄斑水肿的6只眼中3只眼水肿较术前加重。结论 糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化吸出术后视网膜厚度明显增加,黄斑水肿的发生率较高,黄斑水肿的程度较重。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:175-177)     

Pars plana vitrectomy with implantation of silicone oil in surgery forvery large retinal tears

The authors evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal implantation of silicon oil (ISO) in 19 eyes of 17 patients with gigantic tears of the retina. During the mean observation period of 22 months the operation was successful in 15 of 19 eyes (78%). The retina adhered on the entire surface in 12 eyes (65%), in three eyes (15%) there remained a defined flat elevation of the retina in the periphery of the lower half of the fundus which did not go as far as the macula. In successfully operated eyes the visual acuity was 0.4 in two eyes, visual acuity of 0.3-0.1 in 7 eyes and visual acuity less than 0.1, making spatial orientation possible, in six eyes. The cause of reduced visual acuity of successfully operated eyes were macular abnormalities which were associated with the fundamental disease, degenerative myopia, injury, impaired nurture of the macula during prolonged detachment, a membrane-forming process. As to late complications of ISO, the most frequent were glaucoma in 42% and complicated cataract u 78% phakic eyes. Extraction of a cataract with iridectomy VI and supplementation of silicon oil into the intravitreal space did not cause in any of the patients a relapse of detachment of the retina. The final evaluation of PPV with ISO in the surgery of gigantic lesions of the retina will be possible only after the long-term follow up of larger groups of patients.     

黄斑部先天性视网膜劈裂的光相干断层 扫描观察

目的观察黄斑部先天性视网膜劈裂的光相干断层扫描（OCT）图像特征及其临床意义。方法回顾分析经直接检眼镜或前置镜检查、荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）、视网膜电图（ERG）检查确诊的11例黄斑部先天性视网膜劈裂患者20只眼的OCT检查资料。结果OCT图像中，20只眼黄斑部均有位于视网膜中层的视网膜劈裂，中心凹处视网膜分为内外两层；旁中心凹处大致可分为劈裂部位的视网膜轻度增厚，视网膜被中间的腔隙分为厚度相近的内外两层以及劈裂部位的视网膜明显增厚，视网膜组织被两个腔隙分为3层两种类型。结论黄斑部先天性视网膜劈裂的OCT图像特征为视网膜中层的劈裂腔隙。OCT检查对黄斑部先天性视网膜劈裂具有很高的敏感性。(中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:93-96)     

Comparison of fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography for patients with choroidal neovascularization after photodynamic therapy

PURPOSE: To investigate retinal morphology by means of fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients who had undergone photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin at their 3-month-interval examination. METHODS: Sixty patients with predominantly classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration were evaluated with FA and OCT 3 months after their last PDT. FA images were evaluated in a masked fashion for staining of and leakage from the lesion and also for cystoid loculation of fluorescein in the macula. OCT was used to evaluate foveal thickness and the presence of subretinal fluid or cystoid spaces within the retina, also in a masked fashion. RESULTS: The median age of the 60 patients was 78 years, and the median visual acuity of the eyes examined was 20/100. The median number of previous PDT sessions was 2. Fluorescein staining was seen in 57 eyes (95%), and fluorescein leakage was seen in 50 eyes (83%). Cystoid loculation of fluorescein was seen in 21 eyes (35%). By OCT, cystoid spaces in the macula were seen in 42 patients (70%), and subretinal fluid was seen in 15 patients (25%). Leakage seen shown by FA was correlated with the OCT finding of cystoid spaces but not with the OCT finding of subretinal fluid. Some patients had leakage during FA that did not have any observable induced OCT abnormality attributable to fluid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: After PDT leakage from CNV seen during FA is associated with intraretinal fluid, often seen in loculated cystoid spaces, but not with subretinal fluid.     

正常眼黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层厚度的活体测量

目的应用光学相干断层成像（ＯＣＴ）技术对正常眼黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层厚度进行测定。方法对３０只经眼科检查确认的正常眼按同一方法进行黄斑区图像采集,并使用随机软件对其神经上皮层厚度进行测量。将所得数据按距中心点距离和方位进行分类统计计算和检验。结果显著性检验证明测量所得 １３２０个数据具有良好的可信性,且结果与以往类似报道相符。结论ＯＣＴ能够对视网膜神经上皮层厚度进行精确的量化测定,正常值测定的结果有助于对眼底疾病的理解。     

Dome-shaped macula in eyes with myopic posterior staphyloma

PURPOSE: To describe an unusual feature in myopic eyes responsible for visual loss, which we call a dome-shaped macula. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: After observing isolated cases of dome-shaped macula, we analyzed optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of 140 highly myopic eyes present in our OCT database to find similar cases. Fifteen eyes of 10 patients had a dome-shaped macula. These patients all had undergone fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and B-scan ultrasonography examinations. RESULTS: The mean refractive error of the affected eyes was -8.25 diopters (D; range, -2 to -15 D). Median visual acuity was 20/50. Recent visual impairment was noted in 11 of the 15 eyes studied, and metamorphopsia was noted in eight eyes. Four eyes were asymptomatic. FA showed atrophic changes in the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in all eyes, combined with focal points of leakage in seven of the 15 eyes. The dome-shaped appearance of the macula was visible on both B-scan ultrasonography and OCT: a characteristic bulge of the macular retina, RPE, and choroid within the concavity of the moderate posterior staphyloma was present in all eyes. In 10 eyes, OCT also showed a shallow foveal detachment at the top of the dome-shaped macula. CONCLUSIONS: A dome-shaped macula within a myopic staphyloma is an unreported type of myopic posterior staphyloma. The dome-shaped macula often is associated with RPE atrophic changes and foveal retinal detachment, which may explain the visual impairment in these eyes.     

Optical coherence tomography of branch retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of serous retinal detachment (SRD) secondary to a branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients with a BRVO underwent a detailed history, ophthalmoscopic examination, and fluorescein angiographic evaluation. They were also studied with OCT. RESULTS: The 14 patients included eight women and six men with a mean age of 73.6 +/- 10.5 years (range, 55-90 years). Four eyes were found to have cystoid macular edema by fluorescein angiography, whereas 10 cases were detected by OCT. SRD involving any portion of the macula was found in 10 (71.4%) of the 14 eyes, and SRD extending into the fovea was found in six (42.9%) eyes. Two (14.3%) of the 14 patients also showed a subfoveal hemorrhage that appeared to have gravitated inferiorly through the SRD to the dependent portion of the detachment. CONCLUSIONS: That few patients with SRD secondary to a BRVO discovered by ophthalmoscopy have been reported in the literature would suggest that this is an uncommon complication. The authors found with OCT that SRD commonly occurs in BRVO. In addition, subretinal hemorrhage may occur in the context of BRVO, and the authors propose that blood gravitates through the subretinal fluid to settle behind the retina.     

Image characters of optical coherence tomography in laser-induced maculopathy

PURPOSE:To observe the changes of ocular fundus and to describe the image features of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with laser-induced maculopathy. METHODS:Four patients (4 eyes) with decreased visual acuity due to laser injury were recruited into the study between April 2002 to December 2009. All patients underwent routine check-up for eyes. RESULTS:The four cases presented with different clinical characteristics from each another. In the first case, OCT showed lamella macular hole, with partially remained outer sensory retina. The signals of inner segments/outer segments (IS/OS) band and RPE band were disrupted. The choroidal band was distorted with increased reflection. Perimacular epiretinal membrane and vitreous hemorrhage were also observed. The second case had a full-thickness macular hole with retina edema surrounding the hole. The third case presented local serous sensory retinal detachment in macula. The fourth case presented hyper-reflection of the inner retina in macula which indicated hemorrhage. CONCLUSION:There are various patterns of laser-induced maculopathy. OCT is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool to delineate the layer, extent and configuration of the damage on retina.