儿童后发性白内障合并人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持的手术治疗

目的探讨儿童严重后发性白内障合并人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持的合理的治疗方法及疗效。方法对14岁以下发生严重后发性白内障的患者中合并人工晶体固定性瞳孔夹持伴有严重的虹膜后粘连或瞳孔膜闭的12只眼进行后发性白内障切除、人工晶状体复位术,部分病人联合前段玻璃体切割术。对虹膜后粘连或瞳孔膜闭者同时进行粘连分离或瞳孔成形术。结果12只眼成功分离虹膜与囊膜粘连并进行后发性白内障切除和人工晶状体复位。其中2只眼行瞳孔成形术,8只眼行前段玻璃体切割术,术后视功能有不同程度的改善。结论伴有严重人工晶状体瞳孔夹持和虹膜粘连或瞳孔膜闭的儿童严重后发性白内障的理想治疗手段是手术切除后发性白内障并进行人工晶状体复位。     

瞳孔夹持合并后发性白内障的手术治疗

目的研究瞳孔夹持合并后发性白内障的手术效果。方法12例(12眼)中10例瞳孔区人工晶状体光学面完全夹持,2例人工晶状体光学面大部分夹持。手术将后囊中心切开、前部玻璃体切除,人工晶状体光学面嵌入后囊后。结果术后近期人工晶状体前出现絮状渗出者3例,低眼压者2例。随访半年以上所有病例视力均有不同程度提高,术前视力均在0.1以下,术后矫正视力在0.3~0.8之间。人工晶状体体部无倾斜。位置稳定,无其它并发症发生。结论后囊切开、前部玻璃体切除及后囊后人工晶状体嵌顿术可以解除人工晶状体对虹膜的刺激,术后葡萄膜炎症反应较轻,视力提高。     

后囊膜人工晶状体夹持法防治儿童后发性白内障28例

目的:研究后囊膜人工晶状体夹持法对儿童白内障术后后发性白内障的预防作用。方法:28例36眼儿童白内障患者进行常规白内障抽吸术,然后于视区中央作一约6mm直径的垂直椭圆型后囊膜剪除,再通过此椭圆型缺损区将人工晶状体光学部植入后囊膜与玻璃体前界膜之间。术后随访,密切观察后发性白内障等并发症发生情况。随访时间平均为24±6.31mo。结果:27例35眼均成功采用白内障抽吸联合后囊膜人工晶状体夹持,术中术后玻璃体前界膜保持完整,无玻璃体脱出,视区透明,人工晶状体表面及玻璃体前界膜均无混浊。结论:后囊膜人工晶状体夹持法可有效预防儿童白内障抽吸术后后发性白内障发生,且对玻璃体前界膜保持完整,并发症少。     

儿童外伤性白内障人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持的原因与手术治疗

目的 回顾性分析儿童外伤性白内障摘除术后人工晶状体(IOL)固定性瞳孔夹持的原因,并探讨有效的治疗方法.方法 对14岁以下外伤性白内障的患者行白内障摘除后房犁人工晶状体植人术后固定性瞳孔夹持患者10例(10只眼),分析其发生原因及并发症,并行虹膜粘连分离,后发性白内障切除,人工晶状体复位术及前段玻璃体切割术.5只眼行IOL置换术.结果 10只眼成功完成分离虹膜与囊膜粘连并行后发性白内障切除和人工晶状体复位,术后视功能不同程度的改善.结论 外伤性白内障术后葡萄膜炎反应,瞳孔粘连,后发性白内障及周边皮质再生是引起儿童IOL固定性瞳孔夹持的重要原因.手术分离虹膜粘连、清除晶状体再生皮质并切除后发性白内障可有效复位IOL.     

人工晶状体瞳孔夹持

白内障除联合人工晶状体植入术能明显提高白内障患视力，故手术日益普及，但其并发症亦增多，人工晶状体瞳孔夹持为其中并发症之一。本着重对人工晶状体瞳孔夹持的定义，发生率，发生原因，临床表现及其并发症，预防和治疗进行综述。     

游离性人工晶状体瞳孔夹持反复发生1例

1 临床资料 患者,女,58岁。因双眼无痛性视物不清1a于1999年5月10日入我院眼科治疗。入院时视力右眼0.04,左眼数指/10cm。双眼球前段正常,双瞳孔等大等圆,对光反应正常,双眼晶状体混浊,以左眼为重,无虹膜投影。双眼底窥不进。第2天在局麻+球后麻醉下为患者行左眼白内障囊外摘出+人工晶状体(IOL)植入术。手术顺利。术后给予常规处理,5d检查术眼视力0.5,前房深浅正常,瞳孔圆,直径3.0mm,对光反应正常,IOL位置好,无前倾及偏斜,瞳孔区极少残留皮质,无虹膜后粘连及渗出。患者痊愈出院。2000年2月患者因咳嗽后突发左眼视物不清来诊。检查:IOL光学部全部脱人     

儿童人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持的原因和手术复位

目的　分析儿童白内障摘除术后人工晶状体 (IOL)固定性瞳孔夹持的原因 ,并探讨有效的处理方法。方法　收集年龄 <14岁、白内障摘除后房型IOL植入术后发生固定性瞳孔夹持患者 30例 (31只眼 )的临床资料 ,分析其发生原因和并发症 ,并对其中 8例 (8只眼 )合并严重并发症患者行IOL复位手术。结果　全部患者均发生较严重的葡萄膜炎性反应及其所致的虹膜后粘连和瞳孔膜闭或闭锁 ,以及不同程度的后发性白内障。IOL复位手术中可见 8例患者均发生不同程度的晶状体周边皮质再生。结论　白内障摘除术后葡萄膜炎性反应、晶状体皮质再生及后发性白内障是引起儿童IOL固定性瞳孔夹持的主要原因。手术分离虹膜粘连、清除晶状体再生皮质并切除后发性白内障 ,可有效复位IOL。     

人工晶体夹持合并后发障的手术复位

1995年至99年收治了14例白内障现代囊外摘除人工晶体植入术后人工晶体夹持并发后发障患者,对他们施行了人工晶体手术复位,后发障切除术,现总结如下.     

虹膜粘连致人工晶状体瞳孔夹持的原因及处理

目的：分析虹膜后粘连引起的人工晶状体瞳孔夹持的原因，处理方法及结果。方法：对80例（90眼）术后虹膜粘连人工晶状体夹持原因分析，采用手术剪开虹膜粘连，切除或切开粘连区后囊，将人工晶状体光学区移至后囊后，形成囊膜夹持。结果：90眼均成功解除人工晶状体虹膜夹持，50眼（65．6％）视力在0．5以上，平均随访6月，无一例再发生人工晶状体虹膜夹持和后囊浑浊，结论：萎缩病变的虹膜，过度散大瞳孔和虹膜后囊粘连是导致人工晶状体瞳孔夹持的主要原因，中央后囊切除和后囊夹持是解除人工晶状体瞳孔夹持的安全简便有效的方法。     

人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持治疗方法的探讨

目的 探讨三种类型白内障摘除人工晶状体植入后发生固定性瞳孔夹持原因和手术治疗方法。方法 对21例人工晶状体固定性瞳孔夹持的原因进行分析。用2种不同的手术方法进行处理。术后随访3-12月。结果 固定性瞳孔夹持主要见于小儿外伤性白内障及成人外伤性白内障，术后小儿组矫正视力≥0.3者10眼（58.82%)。成人组矫正视力≥0.3者5眼（83.33%)。老年性白内障0.41例，0.61例。结论 固定性瞳孔夹持3月后，经手术可以复位，获得较好视力。     

Effect of intraocular lens convexity on posterior capsule opacification

A consecutive series of 248 eyes undergoing extracapsular cataract surgery and posterior chamber lens implantation were evaluated. One hundred eight eyes had the implant placed with the convex side posterior and 140 with the convex side anterior. The incidence of capsulotomy required in the convex posterior group was significantly less than in the convex anterior group, 17.6% versus 29.3% (P value less than 0.05). The type of posterior capsule opacification in the two groups was also different. In the convex posterior group, a smooth fibrous type of capsular opacification predominated; in the convex anterior group, epithelial proliferation and pearl formation as well as wrinkling of the capsule frequently occurred. The difference in opacification was reflected in the preoperative visual acuity: convex posterior 20/80, convex anterior less than 20/200 (P less than 0.05).     

Relationship between posterior capsule opacification and intraocular lens biocompatibility

The type of healing process that occurs in response to cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is dependent on a complex set of variables. Their interactions determine whether or not optical clarity is restored as a result of this procedure. In this process, wound healing entails cells undergoing either epithelial-mesenchymal transition, resulting in the generation of fibroblastic cells and accumulation of extracellular matrix, or lenticular structure formation. Such desperate cellular behaviors are regulated by the localized release of different cytokines, including transforming growth factor beta and fibroblast growth factors, which can result in post-operative capsular opacification. Other factors affecting the biological and mechanical outcome of IOL implantation are its composition, surface properties and shape.     

Linear posterior capsule opacification with the AcrySof intraocular lens.

Intraoperative capsule striae are commonly seen after implantation of the AcrySof model MA60BM posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). Although the striae generally have no visual significance and tend to disappear with remodeling of the capsule-haptic interface, we report a series of patients who developed linear posterior capsule opacification (PCO) along persistent striae. The striae appear to create a channel that allows endothelial cells to bypass the barrier created by the squared-edge design of the IOL and migrate posteriorly in a linear pattern. The observation of linear PCO along channels created by capsule striae provide strong support for the theory that a sharp-edge design creates a barrier to posterior epithelial cell migration.     

The madurai intraocular lens study IV: posterior capsule opacification

PURPOSE: To estimate the cumulative incidence of posterior capsule opacification 4 years after surgery in patients who participated in the Madurai Intraocular Lens Study and had extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: In the Madurai Intraocular Lens Study, 1,700 patients with best-corrected visual acuity 20/120 or worse in the better eye had extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and 1,474 (86.7%) of these completed the 1-year follow-up examination. From this group of 1,474 pseudophakic patients, 400 were randomly selected for reexamination 4 years after the original surgery. The eye that was operated on was examined by an ophthalmologist who was involved in the 1-year follow-up examinations and posterior capsule opacification grading. A grading of I to III was used to reflect the degree of opacification. With grades II and III, posterior capsule opacification detectable with an undilated pupil was present in the central axis. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-seven (81.8%) of the selected population were examined between October 1997 and December 1998. Thirty-four (8.5%) were confirmed as being deceased, and 39 (9.8%) were unavailable for follow-up. The median age was 60 years, and 57.2% were women. The 4-year incidence of grade II or III posterior capsule opacification, including eyes already treated with laser capsulotomy, was 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7% to 17.3%). Each year of increased age was associated with a decreased risk of posterior capsule opacification (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.00). Based on best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse without co-existing pathology, the 4-year incidence of posterior capsule opacification was 13.5%. CONCLUSION: Because patients with relatively mature cataracts routinely receive extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation instead of the traditional intracapsular extraction, the subsequent need for laser capsulotomy may be less than that anticipated, based on previous reports.     

5-Fu纳米粒涂层人工晶状体抑制兔晶状体后囊膜混浊的实验研究

目的 制备5-Fu纳米粒涂层人工晶状体(IOL)并探讨其对兔晶状体后囊膜混浊的抑制作用的有效性和可行性.方法 通过低能离子束表面氟离子注入技术使5-Fu纳米粒与IOL表面交联黏附形成涂层.取新西兰大白兔40只,随机分为A、B两组,每组20只,对左眼行超声乳化透明晶状体吸出术,对照组为A组,植入普通IOL;实验组为B组,植入5-Fu纳米粒涂层IOL.术后行裂隙灯显微镜、组织病理学及电镜检查.所有数据用SAS统计软件处理,前房闪光和晶状体后囊膜中央视区混浊程度均用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行分析.结果 前房炎性反应:B组的前房闪光轻于A组,差异有统计学意义(x~2=11.245,P=0.024).两组兔眼的前房反应均在术后3 d至1周内缓解.晶状体后囊膜混浊:B组晶状体后囊膜的混浊程度轻于A组,差异有统计学意义(x~2=10.304,P=0.016).光学显微镜行组织病理学检查:A组眼内炎性反应较轻,B组无明显眼内炎性反应表现,A、B两组角巩缘结构及组织均无病理损害.扫描电子显微镜检查:A组见晶状体上皮细胞增生现象,B组未见明显晶状体上皮细胞增生.结论 兔眼透明晶状体超声乳化吸出术后植入5-Fu纳米粒涂层IOL,可有效抑制晶状体后囊膜混浊的发生,眼内毒性较小.     

Rate of posterior capsule opacification in eyes with the Akreos intraocular lens

PURPOSE: To determine the rate of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in eyes with an Akreos Adapt or Akreos Fit intraocular lens (IOL) (Bausch & Lomb) over a minimum follow-up of 18 months. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Worthing and Southlands Hospital NHS Trust, Worthing, United Kingdom. METHOD: This was a retrospective analysis of 102 patients who had uneventful phacoemulsification with implantation of an Akreos Adapt IOL or Akreos Fit IOL from September 2001 to May 2004. Patients from a single surgeon's operating list were recruited into the study. Exclusion criteria included posterior subcapsular cataract, history of uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. The protocol included the determination of logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and PCO scoring using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsular Opacification System (EPCO 2000) by digital photography of the posterior capsule. The number of patients having a neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy was also recorded. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 30 months +/- 10.3 (SD). The mean BCVA was 20/32 (0.2 logMAR). The mean EPCO score at the central 6.0 mm of the posterior capsule was 0.39 +/- 0.53 and at the central 3.0 mm, 0.18 +/- 0.40. The Nd:YAG capsulotomy rate was 8.8%. CONCLUSIONS: All patients had stable visual acuity with low rates of PCO 2.5 years after surgery. The PCO rate with the Akreos IOL was similar to that with other acrylic IOLs reported in the literature.