幽门螺杆菌感染对胃黏膜Shh蛋白表达的影响

目的检测胃癌及癌前病变中Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)蛋白表达并分析其与幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)的关系,比较根除HP前后胃黏膜Shh蛋白的表达变化,以探讨Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路在HP致癌机制中的作用。方法采用改良Giemsa染色法对病变组织进行HP分组;采用免疫组化PV两步法检测160例胃癌及癌前病变组织以及18例HP根除前后慢性浅表性胃炎(chronic superficial gastritis,CSG)胃窦黏膜组织中Shh蛋白的表达。结果 CSG及化生性萎缩性胃炎(metaplasia atrophic gastritis,MAG)病变中,Shh蛋白在HP阳性组的表达显著低于HP阴性组(P0.05);在异型增生(dysplasia,Dys)及胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)病变中,HP阳性组与阴性组表达差异无显著性(P0.05);CSG患者HP根除前胃窦黏膜Shh的表达显著低于根除后(P0.05)。结论 HP感染下调胃黏膜Shh蛋白的表达可能是HP感染致胃黏膜萎缩伴肠上皮化生的分子作用机制之一。     

单克隆抗体MG7在胃癌癌前病变组织中的免疫组织化学研究

作者应用胃癌单克隆抗体MG7对289例胃粘膜活检标本进行PAP免疫组织化学观察,发现伴有肠化生的萎缩性胃炎组(20.0％)与伴有肠化生的癌旁粘膜组(62.1％)间、弥漫型胃癌癌旁粘膜肠化生组(41.7％)与肠型胃癌癌旁粘膜肠化生组(76.5％)间、轻型不典型增生组(23.9％)与中重度不典型增生组(54.0％)间,MG7-Ag表达阳性率均有显著性差异(均为P<0.01)。在胃癌组织中MG7-Ag表达阳性率为87.8％,而8例正常胃粘膜均阴性。结果表明,胃癌单克隆抗体MG7对胃癌的诊断具有较高的特异性;肠化生与胃癌(尤其是肠型胃癌)的发生有密切关系;对MG7-Ag表达阳性的肠化生和异型增生患者加强随访,将有利于胃癌的早期发现。     

胃癌中CD44s和CD44v6的表达及意义

目的 研究CD44s和CD44v6的表达与胃癌发生及临床病理学相关性.方法 利用各种类型的胃癌56例、非典型增生18例及正常胃黏膜组织22例,通过免疫组化ABC法检测CD44s和CD44v6的表达.结果 在胃癌、非典型增生及正常胃黏膜中CD44s蛋白的阳性表达率分别为80.4%、72.2%和13.6%;CD44v6蛋白的阳性表达率分别为83.9%、77.8%和4.6%.胃癌及非典型增生中CD44s和CD44v6蛋白的表达与正常胃黏膜相比均差异有显著性(P<0.01).CD44s和CD44v6蛋白在进展期胃癌中浸润到肌层时强阳性表达率分别为60.7%和57.1%;浸润到浆膜层的胃癌中强阳性表达率分别为82.4%和88.2%,与早期胃癌的强阳性率18.2%和9.1%相比均具差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01).有淋巴结转移的胃癌中CD44s蛋白的强阳性表达率为90.5%,CD44v6蛋白的强阳性表达率为85.7%,与无淋巴结转移的胃癌中强阳性表达率为40.0%相比均差异有显著性(P<0.01).结论 CD44s和CD44v6蛋白的高表达与胃癌的发生有密切相关,CD44s和CD44v6蛋白与癌组织浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关,可做为胃癌的早期诊断及预后断定的重要指标之一.     

胃癌组织中p21、p27、p53和Rb的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达在胃癌发生、发展中的作用.方法 应用免疫组化EnVision法检测111例胃癌,38例不典型增生、47例肠上皮化生、25例慢性萎缩性胃炎和53例正常胃黏膜组织中p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白的表达.结果 p21和p27蛋白表达水平在不典型增生组织最高,其次是胃癌组织,与正常胃黏膜组织相比差异均有显著性(P<0.001).在胃癌组织中p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达均高于正常胃黏膜组织(P均＜0.01).p21、p27蛋白表达与胃癌的类型和分化相关(P均＜0.01),p53表达水平与患者的年龄、性别、胃癌的类型和患者的生存率相关.女性患者Rb蛋白表达明显高于男性,差异有显著性(P<0.05).p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达水平之间均呈正相关.结论 p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达可以作为胃癌的辅助诊断指标,四种蛋白在判断胃癌的生物学行为上具有协同作用.     

Diagnostic value of α-methylacyl CoA racemase in high-grade dysplasia of gastric mucosa

目的 观察AMACR/P504S在正常胃黏膜、不确定性异型增生、低度异型增生、高度异型增生和胃肠型腺癌中的表达,探讨其在胃黏膜高度异型增生诊断中的价值.方法 应用免疫组化EnVision法检测20例无异型增生、30例不确定性异型增生、25例低度异型增生、30例高度异型增生和20例肠型腺癌中AMACR/P504S的表达.结果 AMACR/P504S在无异型增生和不确定性异型增生的胃黏膜中均为阴性表达,在低度异型增生中AMACR/P504S阳性率为4.0%,高度异型增生和肠型腺癌中阳性率分别为73.3%和55%,AMACR/P504S在高度异型增生中的表达明显高于低度异型增生(P<0.01),与肠型腺癌无差异(P>0.05).AMACR/P504S对高度异型增生诊断的特异性为98.7%,敏感性为73.3%.结论 AMACR/P504S可作为胃黏膜高度异型增生与低度异型增生和不确定性异型增生鉴别诊断的免疫标记物.     

免疫组织化学检测CA242蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达

为探讨CA242蛋白在胃癌中的表达及意义,应用免疫组化技术检测120例胃癌、30例异性增生和20例正常胃黏膜组织中CA242蛋白表达,并结合肿瘤的病理学行为和临床随访资料分析.结果显示,在胃癌组织中,CA242阳性率为79.2%(95/120),显著高于异性增生和正常胃黏膜组织(P＜0.05).CA242表达与胃癌浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移和患者预后呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:CA242与胃癌发生、转移和患者生存期密切相关,检测CA242蛋白表达可作为胃癌预后的参考指标.     

胃癌相关下调基因在胃癌及癌前病变中的表达及其意义

目的观察胃癌相关下调基因(GDDR)在胃癌及癌前病变中的表达变化,探讨GDDR在胃黏膜癌变过程中的作用和意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法测定经胃镜活检和病理确诊的40例正常胃黏膜组织,40例慢性浅表性胃炎,40例慢性萎缩性胃炎,40例胃的肠上皮化生,20例轻度异型增生,20例重度异型增生和40例胃癌中的GDDR蛋白表达情况。结果从正常胃黏膜组织、慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃肠上皮化生、轻度异型增生、重度异型增生、胃癌的发展过程中,GDDR蛋白表达逐渐下调(平均秩次分别为190.70、182.70、146.24、104.40、70.33、47.20和40.20),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GDDR表达下调发生在胃癌形成早期,提示GDDR在胃癌的早期诊断和治疗中起重要作用,有望成为胃癌早诊的分子标记物和分子治疗的新靶点。     

AMACR/P504S在胃黏膜高度异型增生诊断中的价值

目的观察AMACR/P504S在正常胃黏膜、不确定性异型增生、低度异型增生、高度异型增生和胃肠型腺癌中的表达,探讨其在胃黏膜高度异型增生诊断中的价值。方法应用免疫组化EnVision法检测20例无异型增生、30例不确定性异型增生、25例低度异型增生、30例高度异型增生和20例肠型腺癌中AMACR/P504S的表达。结果 AMACR/P504S在无异型增生和不确定性异型增生的胃黏膜中均为阴性表达,在低度异型增生中AMACR/P504S阳性率为4.0%,高度异型增生和肠型腺癌中阳性率分别为73.3%和55%,AMACR/P504S在高度异型增生中的表达明显高于低度异型增生(P<0.01),与肠型腺癌无差异(P>0.05)。AMACR/P504S对高度异型增生诊断的特异性为98.7%,敏感性为73.3%。结论 AMACR/P504S可作为胃黏膜高度异型增生与低度异型增生和不确定性异型增生鉴别诊断的免疫标记物。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1受体和血管内皮生长因子在胃癌中的表达

目的: 探讨胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF-1R)和血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGF)的表达与胃癌浸润、转移的关系.方法: 选取胃癌患者56例, 以20例癌旁不典型增生组织及28例正常胃黏膜组织作为对照, 应用SABC免疫组化方法检测IGF-1R和VEGF的表达.结果: IGF-1R蛋白在胃癌组织、癌旁不典型增生组织及正常胃黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为87.5%、 55.00%和17.86%, 两两比较, 均有统计学差异(P<0.01);IGF-1R蛋白在胃癌转移组和无转移组中的阳性表达率分别为97.06%和72.73%(P<0.05);浸润至黏膜下层、肌层、外膜的胃癌组织中IGF-1R蛋白阳性表达率分别为66.67%、 92.59%、 100%(P<0.05).VEGF蛋白在胃癌组织、癌旁不典型增生组织及正常胃黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为69.64%、 45.00%和25.00%, 两两比较, 均有统计学差异(P<0.05);VEGF蛋白在胃癌转移组和无转移组中的阳性表达率分别为85.29%和45.45%(P<0.01);浸润至黏膜下层、肌层、外膜的胃癌组织中VEGF蛋白阳性表达率分别为40.00%、 74.07%、 85.71%(P<0.05).结论: IGF-1R和VEGF与胃癌的发生、浸润、转移有关, 可联合运用, 作为新的胃癌标记物, 对判断预后有一定价值.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜增殖及与胃癌预后的关系

目的 :探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)在幽门螺杆菌 (HP)感染的不同胃黏膜增殖性病变演进中的表达情况及其相互关系 ,并着重探讨HP感染对胃癌预后的意义。方法 :对 14 5例经病理证实的不同胃黏膜病变用免疫组化方法检测PCNA标记指数 (LI) ,Warthin Starry(W S)法检测HP感染。结果 :在浅表性胃炎 (CSG)、萎缩肠化性胃炎 (CAG +IM)、异型增生 (DYS)、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌中 ,PCNA LI为 2 4 0 0± 17 88,4 6 5 9± 18 15 ,6 0 5 9± 2 0 2 6 ,5 7 92± 15 15 ,71 0 8± 2 1 2 5。在IM、DYS、胃癌组织均高于CSG(P <0 0 5 )。PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关 ,而且Bor rmannIV高于早期胃癌 (P <0 0 5 )。PCNA阳性表达与肠型胃癌HP感染有关。CAG +IM、DYS和GC组PCNA阳性表达中HP感染者高于阴性者。胃癌HP阳性者 5年存期短于HP阴性者。结论 :PCNA基因表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关。HP感染和胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关 ,HP感染与胃癌预后有关。     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...