腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除术

目的：探讨腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术的操作技术及优越性。方法：本组45例患儿在腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除,胆道重建术。首先在腹腔镜监视下行胆囊穿刺造影,切除胆囊。然后用超声刀横断囊肿,近端游离至肝总管处切断,远端游离至胰胆管汇合处结扎切断,彻底切除囊肿壁。经脐部2cm切口提出空肠于腹壁外行空肠Roux-Y吻合,肝支30～35cm,然后将肠管送回腹腔经结肠后将肝支拉至肝下,将肝管与空肠端侧吻合。结果：45例患儿均在腹腔镜下应用超声刀完成胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术。手术时间3．5～6．0h(平均4．2h)。术中出血量10～50ml(平均15ml)。全部患儿无术中并发症。术后住院时间3～9d(平均5．5d)。38例获随访,随访时间1个月～1．5年,无吻合口狭窄及粘连性肠梗阻发生,肝功能检查正常。结论腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术安全可靠。优点为手术视野清晰,解剖层次清楚,术中出血少、创伤小,术后疼痛轻、切口小,手术瘢痕不明显。     

腹腔镜肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗52例3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿的疗效。方法2001年4月～2007年3月,采用腹腔镜技术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿52例,其中囊状扩张44例,梭形扩张8例。12例（23%）患儿合并肝门部肝管狭窄,行肝管扩大成形术;采用四孔技术和3～5 mm手术器械完成胆道造影、胆囊和胆总管囊肿壁全层彻底切除;延长脐部切口提出空肠,直视下行Roux—en—Y空肠吻合,然后还纳肠管;经结肠后上提空肠的肝支,镜下将肝管与空肠连续吻合。结果52例在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术,平均手术时间226 min（160～455 min）,手术中出血量5～10 ml,无手术中需要输血者。1例肝门胆管狭窄的患儿术后胆漏,持续腹腔引流26 d,自然愈合。术后1～2 d进食,无并发症患儿住院3～6 d。52例术后随访3～72个月,平均32.6月,肝功能正常,无并发胆管狭窄和胆管炎,无结石和胰腺炎发生。结论腹腔镜胆总管囊肿彻底切除肝管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合手术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿安全、可靠,镜下放大的手术视野有利于精确的手术操作。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断与治疗体会

目的总结成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析我院2000年1月至2009年10月19例经手术治疗的成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料,全组病例均行囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux．Y吻合术,其中有二次胆道手术史的1例合并肝内胆管扩张及肝内胆管结石加行左肝外叶切除术．另一例因肝总管狭窄加行高位胆管成型术。结果术后并发胆漏1例．经非手术治疗治疗效果欠佳,再次手术引流治愈,本组无死亡病例。结论囊肿切除加肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术是肝外胆管囊肿治疗的首选方法,局限性肝内胆管囊肿可行肝叶切除术。     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性。方法 2011年3～9月,对6例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术。术中常规切除胆囊,游离囊肿壁,于正常肝总管交界处离断。距十二指肠悬韧带15～20 cm处切断空肠,于断端远端下方约50 cm处用腔镜直线切割吻合器行肠肠吻合,镜下用3-0可吸收线行肝总管-空肠端侧吻合。结果手术均获成功。术后随访3～9个月,平均5.5月,无出血、胆漏、吻合口狭窄、肠漏、腹腔脓肿、逆行感染等并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是可行的,并且具有切口小、术后腹壁瘢痕小、创伤轻、美观等微创特点。     

小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症防治经验

目的 探讨小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症的预防措施。方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2015年1月16年间我院经手术治疗的31例小儿先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料。囊肿类型：I型30例,IV型1例。手术方式：囊肿外引流1例;内引流2例;囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术28例。结果 31例均完成手术,无手术死亡。术后近期出现并发症6例,其中胆漏2例,胰漏1例,胸腔积液1例,切口裂开2例。获随访24例,时间3个月～7年,术后20例腹痛消失,B超、CT复查无囊肿复发、结石及癌变。1例囊肿外引流术后3个月再次行囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术;2例囊肿内引流术后1～5年内腹痛症状未缓解,再次行囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术,痊愈。1例IV型囊肿行肝外囊肿切除,肝管空肠Roux-Y术后7年胆管炎反复发作,吻合口狭窄并左肝管结石,再次行肝左外叶切除,胆肠吻合术。结论 重视围手术期治疗,掌握精细、规范的肝肠吻合技术,是预防小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症的关键措施。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗

目的 比较先天性胆总管囊肿不同术式的治疗效果。方法 对1985年1月-1998年12月57例先天性胆总管囊肿的术式及疗效进行分析。结果 以I型为主(44例)占77．2％。B超确诊率为84．2％。57例中,囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合37例,囊肿大部切除,胆管与空肠Roux—Y吻合12例。其中有14例行囊肿引流术后再次行囊肿切除术。囊肿切除术明显降低胆管炎的复发,术后随访治疗效果优良占89．1％。结论 囊肿切除、胆管与空肠Roux-y吻合术应作为胆总管囊肿的首选术式,囊肿切除困难时应尽量大部分切除,并行大口胆管肠吻合。     

腹腔镜技术在治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿中的应用

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的可行性、安全性及其临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年2月期间收治的采用完全腹腔镜囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术治疗的7例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 所有手术顺利,无中转开腹.平均手术时间210 min,出血量80 ml.术后第1日患者离床活动,平均2.4d排气或排便.除1例术后有少量胆汁漏外,无严重术后并发症发生,均恢复顺利,平均住院时间8.1d.术后随访3～30个月,无腹痛、发热或黄疸等症状.结论 完全腹腔镜成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y术安全可行,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,值得推广.     

先天性胆总管囊肿的术式选择

目的　探讨胆总管囊肿治疗的最佳术式。方法　回顾性分析单纯先天性胆总管囊肿 2 6例的临床资料。结果　 2 6例均行根治性囊肿切除 ,肝总管或左右肝管空肠人工套叠瓣膜Roux en Y吻合术或肝管间置空肠人工套叠瓣膜十二指肠同步吻合术 ,效果满意。结论　胆总管囊肿应行根治性手术切除 ,宜行肝管空肠人工套叠瓣膜或肝管间置空肠人工套叠瓣膜内引流术。     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术治疗婴幼儿胆总管囊肿

目的 探讨腹腔镜下治疗婴幼儿胆总管囊肿的关键技术,介绍加用外固定肝脏拉钩应用的初步经验.方法 患儿42例,采用四Trocar加外置Nathanson肝脏拉钩外固定技术,腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合胆道重建术.结果 本组患儿手术全部成功,无死亡,无中转开腹手术.手术平均时间为4.5h(3.5～7h),出血量10～50ml;术中发现合并美克尔憩室1例,肠旋转不良1例;切除阑尾5例;术后应激性溃疡并消化道出血2例,胆漏2例,胰漏1例,脐部伤口感染1例;术后平均住院时间6.5d(6～21d).术后随访1个月～5.5年,未发现胆囊炎、肠粘连梗阻和吻合口狭窄发生.结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术是一种安全可靠的方法,腹腔镜下打结缝合技术和清晰宽敞的手术空间是该手术成功的关键与保障.     

不同类型胆管囊肿的手术治疗

目的　总结各种类型胆管囊肿手术治疗的经验。方法　对 5 2例手术治疗的 5种类型胆管囊肿进行回顾性分析。 5 2例中行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠吻合 3 8例 ;囊肿部分切除、残余囊肿空肠吻合 2例 ;憩室型胆总管囊肿切除、T管支撑引流术 2例 ;胆总管末端囊肿行囊肿空肠吻合 1例 ;肝内科胆管囊肿行肝外胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Y型吻合 4例 ;肝叶或肝方叶切除、肝管空肠吻合 5例 ;结果　 5 2例均治愈出院。 45例随访 4个月～ 17年 ,42例恢复良好。结论　胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux en Y吻合术为治疗胆管囊肿的首选术式。掌握各类型囊肿切除的适应证、切除方法和胆道重建内引流的原则是提高手术疗效的关键。     

Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in symptomatic neonates

Purpose

Choledochal cysts require surgical excision, preferably before the onset of cholangitis. Recently, it has become feasible to accomplish the excision laparoscopically in adults and older children. Yet, whether laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst can be performed safely in symptomatic neonates with choledochal cyst is unclear. We herewith reviewed our experience of laparoscopic excision of choledochal cysts in neonates.

Methods

We managed 9 neonates with choledochal cysts between April 2003 and February 2007. The choledochal cysts were excised laparoscopically. The Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was fashioned extracorporeally by exteriorizing the jejunum through the extended umbilical port site. End-to-side anastomosis between the common hepatic duct stump and Roux loop was carried out intracorporeally. The patients were followed up for an average of 26 months.

Results

The patients presented with jaundice, pale stool, and deranged liver function tests. The diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasonography postnatally. The median operation time was 3.6 hours. There was no operative complication and no conversion. The blood loss was minimal. The recovery was uneventful, and the median hospital stay was 6 days. The liver function tests normalized 3 to 16 weeks postoperatively. No complication was detected at the follow-up visits.

Conclusions

Our preliminary results show that laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in neonates is both feasible and safe. It curtails further complication of the cysts and reverses the derangement of liver function. In addition, the laparoscopic approach minimizes surgical trauma.     

Laparoscopic resection of type I choledochal cyst

Type I choledochal cyst is a rare saccular or fusiform congenital dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary tract. It is usually treated by laparotomy at which the cyst is completely excised and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is performed to establish biliary enteric drainage. We report the laparoscopic excision and hepaticoduodenostomy of type I choledochal cyst in two girls aged 1 and 3 years. The entire procedure was performed laparoscopically using needlescopic instruments. A 7-mm telescope port was inserted at the umbilicus, a 3-mm port in the right upper quadrant, and a 6-mm port in left upper quadrant. An additional 3-mm fan-shaped liver retractor was passed through the abdominal wall without a trocar. The gallbladder and choledochal cyst was dissected and removed en bloc. The lower end of the common bile duct was closed with 5-0 polydioxanone. The duodenum was anastomosed to the common hepatic duct below the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts. There were no intraoperative complications, and the children were asymptomatic with no episodes of cholangitis at 6 months follow-up. Pediatric surgeons trained in advanced laparoscopic techniques including intracorporeal suturing can perform laparoscopic repair of choledochal cyst safely.     

Totally laparoscopic management of choledochal cysts using a four-hole method

Background Choledochal cyst is a rare benign disease of the biliary tract. However, once diagnosed, it must be excised with the gallbladder because of the risk for cancer developing in the biliary tree, including the gallbladder. This report introduces a new surgical technique for totally laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy using a four-hole method. Methods Between October 2003 and May 2005, the authors performed totally laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision for 12 patients. All the patients except one were women, and the mean age was 37.3 years (range, 17–62 years). According to the Todani classification, there were five type Ia cases, four type Ic cases, and three type IV cases. Choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy were performed laparoscopically using the four-port technique. Results The mean operation time was 228 min (range, 150–330 min). No operative or postoperative transfusion was required. An oral diet was started on postoperative day 3. The average length of hospital stay was 5.8 days. There was no major complication associated with anastomosis leakage or obstruction. No patient had an adverse response, as determined by clinical or laboratory evaluation during a 2- to 19-month follow-up period. Conclusions Considering that choledochal cyst is common among young women, who are especially interested in cosmetic results in addition to complete resolution of medical problems, the laparoscopic management of choledochal cyst may be an attractive treatment option. Presented at the 2005 meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), 13–16 April 2005, Fort Lauderdale, Florida     

先天性胆总管囊肿内引流术后癌变

文章总结了８例先天性胆总管囊肿内引流术后癌变病例。指出为防止囊肿癌变及其并发症的发生，对先天性胆总管囊肿病人应尽可能作根治性囊肿切除术和行肝管空肠ＲｏｕｘｅｎＹ吻合术，以预防胆管的癌变，对确诊为癌变病人，主张行胰十二指肠切除术。     

先天性胆总管囊性扩张症的外科治疗(附145例报告)

目的　总结我院 3 5年外科治疗先天性胆总管囊性扩张症的经验。方法　对 1964～ 1999年共收治的 15 2例先天性胆总管囊性扩张症中接受手术治疗的 14 5例进行回顾性分析和随访。结果　 15 2例中未手术 7例 ,死亡 1例。手术治疗 14 5例 ,死亡 6例。 1岁以内出现症状、发生肝硬变和死亡例数比 1岁以上组高 (P<0 .0 5 )。单纯囊肿内引流术3 9例 (囊肿十二指肠吻合 5例、囊肿空肠Roux Y吻合 3 3例、囊肿胆囊吻合 1例 ) ,囊肿切除胆肠Roux Y吻合重建胆道10 6例 (胆支空肠袢套叠瓣或矩形瓣成形分别为 3 7例和 2 1例 ,48例未作抗返流瓣 )。获访 77例 ,平均 4.68年。获访病例生长发育良好。结论　该病早期手术肝损伤可逆转 ,预后良好 ,只要患儿能耐受应尽早选择囊肿切除胆肠Roux Y吻合套叠瓣成形胆道重建术     

Laparoscopic resection of congenital choledochal cyst, hepaticojejunostomy, and externally made Roux-en-Y anastomosis

The authors present a 3-month-old patient with a congenital choledochal cyst, which was asymptomatic until treatment. On laparoscopy, a type I choledochal cyst was confirmed and excised laparoscopically. A Roux-en-Y anastomosis was constructed after exteriorization of the small bowel via the infraumbilical trocar incision. A laparoscopic end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy was carried out. The operation lasted 4½ hours, without intraoperative problems. Oral food intake was started on day 2 and well tolerated with bile stained stools. Symptoms of bowel obstruction occurred on day 8. On minilaparotomy, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis was found to be adherent to the mesenterium of the colon, leading to obstruction. After mobilizing the loop, the postoperative course was uneventful. We conclude that laparoscopic resection of congenital choledochal cyst and choledochojejunostomy was feasible in the youngest patient operated on so far. However, adhesive small bowel obstruction can also occur, as after conventional operation, when the bowel is exteriorized for Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.     

腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治切除及胆道重建术

目的探讨腹腔镜下行胆总管囊肿根治切除及胆道重建术的可行性。方法全身麻醉后腹腔镜辅助下按悬吊肝圆韧带、游离胆囊、术中胆道造影、游离切除囊肿、空肠Roux-Y吻合、肝管空肠吻合、缝合系膜裂孔、放置腹腔引流的步骤完成手术。结果 18例患者腹腔镜下顺利根治切除胆总管囊肿,15例经结肠后、3例经结肠前吻合胆道重建术,手术时间3.5～6.5h,2例术后出现并发症。结论经腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治切除及胆道重建手术安全可靠,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

ȫ��ǻ���³��������Ե�������֢���Ʋ���

先天性胆管扩张症主要的治疗手段是切除扩张的胆管和行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合。腹腔镜囊肿切除、胆肠吻合术开展已十余年,在小儿外科全腹腔镜下手术治疗先天性胆管扩张症开展相对较多,成人开展甚少。已有研究表明该术式疗效确实可靠,同时具有损伤小、术后恢复快的优势,尚未得到广泛开展的主要原因是手术难度大、技术要求高。掌握腹腔镜下操作技巧和术中注意事项,有助于该术式的推广与普及,使更多的病人从中获益。