冠心病患者血浆IL-6及内脂素水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度相关性研究

目的 分析冠心病患者血浆白介素（IL）-6和内脂素水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法 选择经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者128例,分为急性冠脉综合征（ACS）组和稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组,并按病变血管支数分成3组（单支病变组、双支病变组和三支病变组）,按冠状动脉狭窄程度分为3组（冠状动脉狭窄程度50%~75%组、76%~90%组及91%~100%组）。收集患者的基本临床资料,血浆IL-6及内脂素应用酶联免疫吸附法测定,应用Gensini积分评价冠状动脉病变严重程度。结果 ACS组患者IL-6及内脂素水平显著高于SAP组（P<0.05）,按照不同病变血管支数分组和按照病变血管狭窄程度分组后,血浆IL-6及内脂素水平在各组间差异具有显著性（P<0.05）。相关分析显示IL-6、内脂素与Gensini积分呈正相关（分别r=0.583,r=0.724,均P<0.01）。结论 IL-6及内脂素与冠状动脉病变严重程度密切相关。     

冠心病患者血浆脂联素、血红素加氧酶1与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的 通过测定冠心病患者血浆脂联素和血红素加氧酶1水平,分析其与冠状动脉病变程度之间的相关性,探讨两者在冠心痛中的相互作用.方法 ELISA法测定冠心病组、非冠心病对照组血浆脂联素、血红素加氧酶1的水平,分别比较二者之间的相关性及其与冠状动脉病变程度(Gensini积分)的相关性.结果 冠心痛组血浆脂联素、血红素加氧酶1水平均较对照组显著降低(4.87±0.24比13.51±0.93mg/L,P<0.001:38.85±2.86比220.00±28.11μg/L,P<0.001).按冠状动脉病变支数进一步分组,冠状动脉病变支数多者血浆脂联素、血红素加氧酶1水平较冠状动脉病变支数少者亦显著降低.脂联素与血红素加氧酶1呈正相关(r=0.551,P<0.001),Gensini积分分别与血浆脂联素、血红素加氧酶1水平呈负相关(r=-0.526,P<0.001;r=-0.451,P<0.001).结论 冠心病患者血浆脂联素与血红素加氧酶1密切相关,且与冠状动脉病变程度密切相关,两者之间可能存在相互调节的作用.     

老年人脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2与冠心病冠状动脉病变程度及危险因素的关系

目的 观察老年人脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平与冠心病冠状动脉造影病变程度及冠心病危险因素的关系. 方法 测定90例临床怀疑冠心病行冠状动脉造影老年患者Lp-PLA2、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),血脂等指标,根据冠状动脉造影结果以病变支数及Gensini积分评价冠状动脉病变程度,分析Lp-PLA2与冠心病的关系. 结果冠心病组Lp-PLA2水平较对照组明显升高[(352.7±129.0)μg/L与(204.0±59.7)μg/L,P<0.01].Lp-PLA2水平随着冠状动脉病变支数和Gensini积分的增加而升高.Lp-PLA2与年龄(r=0.25,P<0.05)、三酰甘油(r=0.33,P<0.01)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.27,P<0.05)、载脂蛋白B(r=0.36,P<0.01)呈正相关.在冠心病组,Lp-PLA2与年龄呈正相关(r=0.29,P<0.05).Stepwise回归分析结果显示Lp-PLA2与冠心病相关. 结论 冠心病患者Lp-PLA2水平升高,其水平的高低可能反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度.为冠心病的危险因素之一.     

急性心肌梗死患者血清内脏脂肪素水平的变化及其临床意义

目的观察急性心肌梗死患者血清内脏脂肪素(简称内脂素)水平变化及其与冠状动脉病变严重程度和心脏功能的关系,并探讨其临床意义。方法选择急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者作为观察组(AMI组,n=30),其中男性22例,女性8例,平均年龄为54.77±10.09岁,其冠状动脉病变程度根据冠状动脉病变支数及Gensini积分进行评估;另选同期行冠状动脉造影检查正常者作为对照组(n=30),其中男性20例,女性10例,平均年龄为54.07±11.07岁。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测两组术前及AMI组术后24 h血清内脂素水平;应用心脏超声测量各组左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。结果 AMI组各时间点血清内脂素水平(术前:80.82±7.63μg/L,术后24 h:91.96±7.37μg/L)均显著高于对照组(19.32±4.37μg/L),且AMI组术后24 h血清内脂素水平较术前明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。不同冠状动脉病变支数血清内脂素水平分别为:单支:72.85±2.56μg/L,双支:82.24±5.77μg/L,多支:88.22±6.07μg/L;不同冠状动脉狭窄程度血清内脂素水平分别为:轻度:74.58±4.40μg/L,中度:80.13±4.71μg/L,重度:87.57±6.39μg/L;组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,AMI组LVEF明显降低(P0.01),LVEDD无显著差异。AMI组血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉病变支数、冠状动脉病变Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.754,r=0.672,P0.01),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.459,P0.01)。结论血清内脂素水平可以作为推测AMI患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的指标。     

冠心病患者起搏检测心率震荡的临床研究

目的:研究冠心病患者程序刺激诱导的心率震荡(heart rate turbulence,HRT)现象与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性.方法:113例冠状动脉造影术后行程序刺激者,根据冠状动脉病变支数分为:单支病变组(36例)、双支病变组(26例) 、多支病变组(23例)及冠状动脉造影正常组(对照组,28例).计算各组震荡初始(turbulence onset, TO)、震荡斜率(turbulence slope, TS)和冠状动脉病变Gensini积分.结果:各病变组TO显著高于对照组,TS显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).随病变血管支数的增加,TO呈逐渐升高趋势,TS呈逐渐降低趋势(P<0.05或P<0.01).TO与Gensini积分呈显著正相关(P<0.01),TS与Gensini积分呈显著负相关(P<0.01).回归分析显示,Gensini积分是影响TO和TS的独立因素.结论:冠心病患者HRT指标异常与冠状动脉粥样硬化及其严重程度相关.     

P-选择素、胱抑素C水平与冠心病病变程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者及造影正常者P-选择素(PS)和胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平与冠心病病变程度的关系及临床意义.方法 冠脉造影确诊冠心病者60例,其中单支、双支、三支病变者各20例,造影正常者20例为对照组.所有入选对象均采集外周静脉血检测PS和Cys-C.对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度按照病变支数、Gensini积分标准评价.结果 冠心病组PS 、Cys-C水平较对照组明显增高(P<0.05).PS水平与Gensini法评分呈正相关(r=0.552,P<0.01),Cys-C水平与Gensini法评分呈正相关(r=0.890,P<0.01);PS 和Cys-C呈正相关(r=0.604,P<0.05).结论 PS 和Cys-C在冠心病的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,且与冠心病病变程度密切相关.     

血清脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白及脂联素水平与冠心病的相关性

目的 探讨脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)、脂联素和A-FABP/脂联素比值与冠心病及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性.方法 经冠状动脉造影入选340例患者,分为冠心病组(211例)和非冠心病对照组(129例),用ELISA法测定血清AFABP及脂联素水平,冠状动脉病变程度用病变血管支数和Gensini积分表示.并从上述患者中选取年龄、性别、体质指数相匹配的冠心病及非冠心病者各10例,分离外周血单核细胞,佛波酯刺激为巨噬细胞后取培养上清,用ELISA法测定培养上清液A-FABP及脂联素浓度.结果 (1)冠心病组血清A-FABP水平[18.3(13.2,22.8)μg/L]较非冠心病组[16.4(13.5,20.4)μg/L]高,但差异未达到统计学意义(P=0.088);冠心病组血清脂联素水平低于非冠心病组[13.9(9.8,17.1)mg/L比19.7(14.5,27.6)mg/L,P＜0.05].(2)随着冠状动脉病变支数的增加,血清A-FABP水平呈升高、脂联素水平呈递减趋势;Gensini积分与血清A-FABP呈正相关(r=0.120,P=0.043),与脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.405,P=0.007).(3)冠心病组血清A-FABP/脂联素比值明显高于非冠心病组[(1.51±0.79)μg/mg比(0.89±0.30)μg/mg,P＜0.01];血清A-FABP/脂联素比值与Gensini积分的相关性更明显(r=0.531,P=0.000).(4)冠心病者单核源性巨噬细胞A-FABP/脂联素比值高于非冠心病者[(0.51±0.19)μg/mg比(0.36±0.11)μg/mg,P＜0.05].结论 高A-FABP和低脂联素水平可能是反映严重冠状动脉狭窄的新的血清标记物.A-FABP/脂联素比值较单独A-FABP或脂联素与冠状动脉病变的相关性更好.     

不同糖耐量冠心病患者血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

目的 比较血清内脂素(visfatin)在不同糖耐量水平冠心病患者和正常个体中的表达情况,评价血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系.方法 经冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病患者85例,按1999年世界卫生组织糖尿病诊断标准分为冠心病正常糖耐量组(CHD)34例、冠心病合并糖调节异常组(CIG)25例、冠心病合并2型糖尿病组(CDM)26例,选择健康志愿者30名(冠状动脉CT血管造影阴性)作为正常对照组(CON).检测受试者人体测量学指标及糖、脂代谢指标;应用Gemini冠状动脉评分系统对冠状动脉狭窄程度进行评估;用SPSS 12.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 与CON组比较,CHD、CIG及CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);与CHD组相比较,CIG和CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);内脂素水平与Gesini冠状动脉病变积分呈正相关(r=0.669,P<0.01);内脂素与腰围、腰臀比、甘油三酯呈正相关(r=0.200,P=0.032;r=0.185,P=0.047;r=0.321,P<0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关(r-0.354,P<0.01),多元回归分析显示,腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响内脂素水平的主要因素.结论 (1)血清内脂素水平较好地反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度,检测内脂素水平有助于冠心病的早期诊断.(2)在合并2型糖尿病及糖调节异常的冠心病患者中,血清内脂素表达显著增高,与临床糖尿病患者更重的冠状动脉病变相符合.(3)腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响血清内脂素水平的主要因素,提示内脂素水平与腹型肥胖密切相关.     

不同糖耐量冠心病患者血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

目的 比较血清内脂素(visfatin)在不同糖耐量水平冠心病患者和正常个体中的表达情况,评价血清内脂素水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系.方法 经冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病患者85例,按1999年世界卫生组织糖尿病诊断标准分为冠心病正常糖耐量组(CHD)34例、冠心病合并糖调节异常组(CIG)25例、冠心病合并2型糖尿病组(CDM)26例,选择健康志愿者30名(冠状动脉CT血管造影阴性)作为正常对照组(CON).检测受试者人体测量学指标及糖、脂代谢指标;应用Gemini冠状动脉评分系统对冠状动脉狭窄程度进行评估;用SPSS 12.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 与CON组比较,CHD、CIG及CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);与CHD组相比较,CIG和CDM组血清内脂素水平均显著增高(均P<0.05);内脂素水平与Gesini冠状动脉病变积分呈正相关(r=0.669,P<0.01);内脂素与腰围、腰臀比、甘油三酯呈正相关(r=0.200,P=0.032;r=0.185,P=0.047;r=0.321,P<0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关(r-0.354,P<0.01),多元回归分析显示,腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响内脂素水平的主要因素.结论 (1)血清内脂素水平较好地反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度,检测内脂素水平有助于冠心病的早期诊断.(2)在合并2型糖尿病及糖调节异常的冠心病患者中,血清内脂素表达显著增高,与临床糖尿病患者更重的冠状动脉病变相符合.(3)腰围、甘油三酯水平为影响血清内脂素水平的主要因素,提示内脂素水平与腹型肥胖密切相关.     

血浆血红素氧合酶1、氧化低密度脂蛋白水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的 探讨血浆HO-1及ox-LDL水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系.方法 根据冠脉造影结果选择126患者作为研究对象,其中对照组36例、冠心病组90例.冠心病组根据病变支数又分为单支病变27例、双支病变30例及多支病变33例.检测各组血浆HO-1及ox-LDL水平并计算Gensini积分.结果 ①冠心病组ox-LDL水平及Gensini积分明显高于对照组,而HO-1水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）.②血浆ox-LDL水平及Gensini积分随着病变血管数增加而升高,HO-1则明显降低（P＜0.01）.③ox-LDL水平与Gensini积分呈正相关（r=0.89,P＜0.01）,而HO-1与ox-LDL水平（r=-0.80,P＜0.01）及Gensini 积分（r=-0.76,P＜0.01）均呈负相关.结论 血浆HO-1与ox-LDL水平密切相关,二者与冠脉病变程度相关,可作为冠心病患者冠脉病变程度的预测指标.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.