DNA定量分析检测对胸腔积液的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨细胞DNA定量分析在不明原因胸水诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集本院2015年9月~2016年3月122例胸腔积液患者抽取胸水,标本制片后分别经巴氏染色行脱落细胞学检查,Feulgen染色后行细胞DNA定量分析。结果 122例胸腔积液中有56例恶性胸腔积液,66例良性胸腔积液。细胞学检测恶性胸水敏感度为82.14%,特异性为98.48%,阳性预测值97.87%,阴性预测值86.67%。细胞DNA定量分析检测恶性胸水敏感度为80.36%,特异度为90.91%,阳性预测值88.24%,阴性预测值84.51%。两种方法诊断结果一致性一般（Kappa=0.473,P＜0.001）,差异无统计学意义（P=1.0）。结论 DNA定量分析检测是一种较敏感而特异的肺癌的筛查技术,DNA异倍体有望作为良恶性胸水诊断有价值的标志物。     

免疫组化标志物在鉴别浆膜腔积液恶性肿瘤细胞中的应用价值

目的探讨免疫组化标志物鉴别浆膜腔积液中恶性肿瘤来源及分类的临床价值。方法细胞学筛选恶性浆膜腔积液105例,分别采用常规细胞学涂片、薄层液基细胞技术制片、薄层液基细胞技术制片+常规细胞学涂片以及细胞蜡块切片结合免疫组化检测分析。结果对105例浆膜腔积液恶性肿瘤细胞来源及类型进行鉴别:胸水60例中腺癌58例,分别来源:肺42例、乳腺10例、卵巢4例及胃肠道2例;鳞癌1例;恶性间皮瘤1例。心包积液9例,均为腺癌,分别来源:肺6例,乳腺3例。腹水36例,其中腺癌35例,22例来源于卵巢,胃肠道12例,肺来源1例,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤1例。薄层液基细胞技术制片、薄层液基细胞技术制片+常规细胞学涂片以及细胞蜡块切片联合免疫组化检出率明显优于常规细胞学涂片(P0.05)。细胞蜡块切片联合免疫组化检测能准确鉴别浆膜腔积液中恶性肿瘤的来源及分类。结论常规细胞学涂片、薄层液基细胞技术制片、薄层液基细胞技术制片+常规细胞学涂片以及细胞蜡块切片结合免疫组化检测分析,在疑难恶性浆膜腔积液鉴别诊断及分类中具有重要的价值,值得临床推广应用。     

细胞DNA定量分析结合液基细胞学检测在肺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨细胞DNA定量分析系统联合液基细胞学检查在肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法将117例标本各制成2张薄层细胞片,分别行HE染色和Feulgen染色。统计117例患者肺纤维支气管镜活检或胸水沉渣检查情况。结果 (1)在肺癌的诊断中细胞DNA定量分析法(阳性率86.7%)优于液基细胞学检查(阳性率50%)。(2)DNA定量分析法检测不能区分肺癌的组织学类型。(3)两者联合使用(灵敏度为96.67%,特异度为83.91%)优于单一的检测方法。结论细胞DNA定量分析法较液基细胞学检查在肺癌的诊断中具有更高的准确性和可靠性;应用细胞DNA定量分析系统可弥补常规形态学的不足,二者联合使用,更有利于肺癌的早期诊断。     

TCT联合细胞DNA定量分析在桂西壮族妇女宫颈病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)联合DNA定量分析在桂西壮族妇女宫颈病变筛查中的价值。方法选取同时行TCT、细胞DNA定量分析和活组织病理学检查的430例资料进行分析。宫颈脱落细胞液基薄层制片,1张巴氏染色做TCT诊断,1张Feulgen染色,应用全自动细胞图像分析系统扫描诊断。结果以活检结果作为诊断的金标准,TCT、DNA定量分析和联合检测的检出率分别为64.2%、90.6%和96.2%。联合检测与单独DNA定量分析检出率比较,差异不显著(P>0.05),联合检测与单独TCT的检出率比较,TCT与DNA定量分析的检出率比较,差异均显著(P<0.01)。结论 DNA定量分析检出率高于TCT,二者联合应用并不能有效地提高宫颈病变的检出率。     

细胞块切片免疫细胞化学染色在浆膜腔积液细胞学诊断中的应用

目的 探讨浆膜腔积液细胞块切片免疫细胞化学染色在细胞学诊断上的意义.方法 收集2006年至2008年有间皮增生、异形细胞、癌细胞的浆膜腔积液99例,进行离心涂片、细胞块切片HE染色及免疫细胞化学染色,并结合临床及随访结果进行综合分析.结果 本组病例涂片、细胞块切片HE染色、免疫细胞化学染色及综合诊断的阳性率、阴性率和不确定率依次为:涂片,68.7%(68/99)、16.2%(16/99)和15.1%(15/99);细胞块切片HE染色,71.7%(71/99)、16.2%(16/99)和12.1%(12/99);细胞块切片免疫细胞化学染色,76.8%(76/99)、20.2%(20/99)和3.0%(3/99);综合诊断,77.8%(77/99)、17.2%(17/99)、5.0%(5/99).涂片与细胞块切片HE染色检查结果的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);涂片或细胞块切片HE染色检查与免疫细胞化学染色的不确定率差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05).涂片、细胞块切片HE染色检查的假阳性率、假阴性率均为0;免疫细胞化学染色的假阳性率、假阴性率均为1.0%(1/99).结论 细胞块免疫细胞化学染色是诊断浆膜腔积液良恶性及判别瘤细胞组织来源的有效方法;结合涂片、切片之HE和免疫细胞化学染色及临床情况综合分析能提高积液诊断的阳性率.     

浆膜腔积液脱落细胞学检查方法的改进

在浆膜腔积液(胸水、腹水、心包积液)脱落细胞学检查中,通常采用传统的离心后涂片常规染色、镜检的方法,该法简便、快捷,在临床上广泛应用.但存在诸多不足之处,在涂片中常出现细胞数目过少或细胞重叠、堆积等厚薄不均的现象,且细胞结构及背景不甚清晰,可导致漏诊或不能做出正确诊断.     

浆膜腔积液转移性肺腺癌细胞中TTF-1的表达

目的 探讨甲状腺转录因子-1(TTF-1)在浆膜腔积液肺腺癌细胞中的表达，为肺腺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断提供新的依据。方法 选用浆膜腔积液转移性腺癌共60例(胸水40例，腹水17例，心包积液3例)。经组织学或结合临床资料证实的肺腺癌36例，泌尿生殖道腺癌14例，胃肠道腺癌8例，乳腺癌2例。每例均制备HE染色的涂片和离心沉渣经琼脂和石蜡包埋而成的细胞块，并用细胞块切片作TTF-1免疫细胞化学染色。结果 36例肺腺癌中有26例表达TTF-1，24例肺外腺癌中只有2例表达TTF-1，其敏感性为72．2％，特异性为91．7％。结论 TTF-1在浆膜腔积液肺腺癌具有较高的敏感性和特异性，在排除甲状腺癌的可能性后，TTF-1阳性表达很大程度上提示腺癌原发于肺。     

显示DNA含量的快速Feulgen染色技术及应用

细胞的DNA含量分析对判断肿瘤的良恶性及预后有重要参考价值[1 3 ] ,然而传统的Feulgen染色操作时间较长 ,无法应用于冷冻切片、快速石蜡切片或组织印片等快速病理制片过程。我们尝试了应用微波处理的快速Feulgen染色 ,大大缩短了染色时间 ,并取得了良好效果 ,满足了快速病理诊断的要求。一、材料和方法1.材料 :复旦大学华山医院近期外科手术切除的各 5例乳腺纤维腺瘤及乳腺癌标本 ,例 1～ 5为纤维腺瘤 ,例 6～ 10为腺癌 ,均分别制成印片、冷冻切片、快速石蜡切片各 2份。2 .试剂及仪器设备 :常规配制的Schiff试剂、0 .5 %偏重亚硫酸钠溶…     

浆膜腔积液细胞病理学检查专家共识

细胞学诊断在识别良性或恶性病因所致浆膜腔积液的检查中起着至关重要的作用。而恶性浆膜腔积液中, 细胞学检查有助于确定肿瘤的组织学类型、部位和分期, 并借助辅助检查指导临床的精准治疗。但是, 目前国内对于浆膜腔积液细胞学标本, 没有公认一致的报告系统。为规范浆膜腔积液的细胞学诊断, 中华医学会病理学分会细胞病理学组, 经过反复讨论, 对浆膜腔积液样本的送检、保存、制作、评估、辅助检查的应用及报告形式等形成共识。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.