慢性心力衰竭患者血浆结缔组织生长因子与脑钠肽及左室重量指数的相关性

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)水平的变化及其与脑钠肽(BNP)、左室重量指数(LVMI)的相关性。方法分别选取111例不同程度CHF患者和60例健康体检者(对照组),酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血浆CTGF和BNP水平,心脏彩超检查测定左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(PWT)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左室收缩末期容积(LVESV),并计算LVMI。结果 CHF组血浆CTGF和BNP水平及LVMI均明显高于正常对照组(P0.05);不同病因所致的CHF患者血浆CTGF水平无统计学差异(P0.05);CHF组血浆CTGF和BNP水平随NYHA分级的升高而升高,且NYHAⅣ级患者血浆CTGF和BNP水平明显高于NYHAⅢ级及NYHAⅡ级患者(P0.05);CHF组血浆CTGF水平与BNP、LVMI显著正相关(r=0.540,P0.001;r=0.347,P0.001),校正性别、年龄、BMI、血糖、ALT、Cr、NYHA分级等因素后,上述相关性仍然存在;多元逐步回归分析显示,CHF患者血浆CTGF水平与BNP和NYHA分级有关。结论 CHF患者血浆CTGF可作为评估心衰的新的生化指标,其血浆水平能反映CHF心功能不全及心肌纤维化的严重程度,对预测心衰进程、判断心衰预后提供一定的理论依据。     

血浆N端脑钠肽前体与老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的关系及其临床意义

目的 探讨老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)与纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级,左室结构和功能的关系及其临床意义.方法 110例老年CHF患者,按照NYHA分级方法分为心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ级3组,21例健康老年人(心功能Ⅰ级)纳入对照组.电化学发光双抗体免疫夹心法测定4组血浆NT-proBNP水平;超声心动图测定左室结构和功能.结果 老年心衰组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平高于健康对照组(P＜0.01),且随NYHA心功能分级的增高而逐渐升高(P＜0.01),NT-proBNP水平在心功能Ⅲ级与Ⅵ级2组间存在一定的重叠.老年人NT-proBNP水平与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(P＜0.01),与左室质量指数(LVMI)呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 血浆NT-proBNP水平能客观定量地反映老年CHF患者心功能状态,也是对患者进行危险分层的一个有价值的工具.     

老年慢性心衰患者血浆和肽素检测及临床意义

目的探究老年慢性心力衰竭患者血浆和肽素(copeptin)水平及临床意义。方法将150例老年慢性心力衰竭患者设为观察组,根据美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级分为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级三个亚组;随访1年,根据随访期间有无心血管不良事件分为良好组和不良组。另选择50例健康志愿者作为对照组。检测各组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、血浆copeptin、N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)水平。结果观察组copeptin、NT-pro BNP、LVEDd水平显著高于对照组,LVEF水平显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);不同心功能分级亚组间copeptin、NT-pro BNP、LVEF、LVEDd比较差异显著(P<0.05),心功能分级越高,copeptin、NT-pro BNP、LVEDd水平越高,LVEF水平越低;不良组患者copeptin、NT-pro BNP、LVEDd水平显著高于良好组,而LVEF水平显著低于良好组(均P<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,copeptin与NT-pro BNP、LVEDd呈显著正相关,与LVEF呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论 copeptin在老年慢性心力衰竭患者血浆高表达,可作为早期诊断、病情严重程度和预后判断的指标。     

血浆脑钠肽与心功能参数的相关研究

目的:探讨心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左心室功能的关系及其临床意义. 方法:测定并比较60例心力衰竭患者及30名正常人血浆BNP、左室舒张末横径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标. 结果:心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、LVEDD均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),LVEF显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).BNP水平随着心功能NYHA分级程度的加重而增高,并且BNP水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.687,P＜0.001),而与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.639,P＜0.001). 结论:血浆BNP水平对心衰患者的诊断、病情和预后判断具有重要临床意义.     

慢性心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽与左心室功能的相关性分析

目的 研究慢性心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)与左室功能的关系,探讨血浆脑钠肽在慢性心力衰竭患者病情评估中的临床价值.方法 采用ELISA法测定64例慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF组,NYHA心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级)及4JD例体检者(对照组)的血浆脑钠肽水平,应用心脏彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定左室射血分数和心脏指数,并将CHF组的血浆脑钠肽水平与左室射血分数、心脏指数进行相关性分析.结果 CHF组血浆脑钠肽水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05).CHF组血浆脑钠肽水平随NYHA心功能分级程度的升高而增加(P<0.05),且与左室射血分数、心脏指数呈负相关(P<0.05).CHF组患者经规范化治疗后,心功能改善者的脑钠肽明显降低(P<0.05);心功能无改善的患者出院时脑钠肽明显高于心功能改善者(P<0.05).结论 血浆脑钠肽水平能较好地反映慢性心力衰竭患者左室功能状态,对于慢性心力衰竭的病情评估具有临床应用价值.     

血浆脑钠肽水平与心力衰竭病人心功能的关系

目的研究心力衰竭病人血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平与心力衰竭严重程度、左室功能等因素的关系.方法采用化学发光免疫分析法测定80例心力衰竭病人BNP水平,用心脏彩色多普勒超声仪测定其左室功能.结果 BNP水平随着心功能纽约分级(NYHA)程度的加重而显著增加,其与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(r=-0.407,P＜0.01),与LVEDD、LVMI呈正相关,相关系数分别为r=0.351(P＜0.01)、r=0.369(P＜0.05).结论心力衰竭病人血浆BNP水平随着心力衰竭严重程度的增加而升高,并能较好地反映左室功能状态.     

慢性心力衰竭患者脑钠肽水平与左心室质量指数相关性研究

目的:本文旨在研究脑钠肽(BNP)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的诊断价值和CHF患者血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数的相关性.方法:选择65例CHF患者(CHF组,心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)及48例健康体检者(正常对照组).采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组血浆BNP水平;超声心动图测定左心室质量指数.并将CHF患者的血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数作相关性分析.结果:CHF组的血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数显著高于正常对照组(P均＜0.001);血浆BNP水平与左心室质量指数呈显著正相关(r=0.387,P＜0.01),取正常对照组BNP浓度的x 1.96s为正常上限值,BNP诊断CHF的敏感性为92%,特异性为93%.在CHF组,血浆BNP浓度在不同心功能分级之间也有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:血浆BNP水平对于诊断CHF具有较高的敏感性和特异性,并且与左心室重量指数密切相关.     

慢性心力衰竭患者血浆和肽素的水平及意义

目的探讨和肽素(copeptin)与慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的关系。方法选择CHF患者108例为CHF组,健康体检者30例作为对照组。所有入选人员均行超声心动图检查,并测定血中copeptin、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)浓度。结果 (1)CHF患者血浆copeptin、NT-proBNP浓度显著高于对照组,且CHF患者心功能Ⅲ级+Ⅳ级组copeptin、NT-proBNP水平显著高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ级组(均P<0.05)。(2)CHF患者血浆copeptin、NT-proBNP浓度在不同射血分数组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随射血分数的降低而增加。(3)copeptin分别与肌酐、NT-proBNP呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论 CHF患者血浆copeptin水平显著升高,检测CHF患者血浆中copepein水平变化对CHF患者诊断及病情严重程度评估具有一定的临床价值。     

老年心力衰竭患者脑钠肽浓度与心功能的相关性分析

目的 研究心力衰竭(CHF)患者血脑钠肽(BNP)水平与CHF严重程度、左心室功能等因素的关系.方法 采用罗氏电化学发光仪(E601),使用电化学发光法检测84例CHF患者BNP水平,用心脏彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定其左心室功能.结果 BNP水平随着美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)的心脏病心功能分级程度的加重而显著增加,其与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(P＜0.01),NYHA、LVEF为影响BNP的因素,BNP升高代表CHF加重,心功能不全影响BNP.结论 CHF患者血BNP水平随着CHF严重程度的增加而升高,并能较好反映左心室功能状态.     

慢性心力衰竭患者B型利钠肽与尿酸的变化及意义

目的:探讨B型利钠肽(BNP)、尿酸浓度在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)时的变化及心功能与超声心动图指标的相关性.方法:2007-03至2008-05我院住院患者中,102例因心功能失代偿而入院的CHF患者为CHF组;无CHF 26例作为对照组.患者人院后均行BNP、尿酸和超声心动图检查,BNP浓度以放射免疫法测定,尿酸浓度以自动分析仪测定.CHF组根据美国纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级标准分为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级.结果:与对照组比较,CHF组BNP浓度显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);NYHAⅣ级及NYHAⅢ级患者的BNP浓度均较NYHAⅡ级高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);NYHAⅣ级及NYHAⅢ级患者的尿酸浓度较对照组和NYHAⅡ级显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).CHF时BNP浓度与NYHA分级存在正相关关系(γ=0.785,P<0.01);与左心室射血分数存在负相关关系(r=-0.316,P<0.01).CHF时尿酸浓度与NYHA分级存在正相关关系(r=0.402,P<0.01);与左心室射血分数无直线相关关系.结论:CHF时BNP及尿酸浓度随着心力衰竭程度的加重而相应升高.BNP与左心功能状态有良好的相关性,而尿酸的这种相关性较差.BNP评价CHF时优于尿酸.尿酸水平是反映CHF病情严重程度的一个有意义的指标,尤其在CHF程度重(NYHAⅣ级及NYHAⅢ级)的患者更为明显.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.