彩色多普勒血流显像检测吸烟对胃动力学和胃血流动力学？…

目的 探讨吸烟对胃动力学和血流动力学折影响。方法 应用彩色多普勒血流显像（ＣＤＦＩ）对１５例健康志愿者于吸烟前后进行胃动力学和血流动力学指标检测。结果 （１）吸烟后胃收缩次数减少,胃收缩幅度减低,胃十二指肠掺流增加,胃排空延迟（Ｐ〈０．０５或０．０１）。（２）吸烟后肝固有动脉、脾动脉和胃十二指肠动脉血流峰值、阻力指数升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 ＣＤＦＩ是评有动力学和血流动力学的有效方法,吸烟是引起     

彩色多普勒血流显像检测吸烟对眼血流动力学影响

目的 探讨吸烟对眼血流动力学的影响。方法 应用彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）对16例健康志愿者于吸烟前后进行眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉、睫状后短动脉血流动力学指标检测。结果 ①吸烟可引起视网膜中央动脉阻力指数（RI值）增高（P＜0.05）;②吸烟主要引起眼内小动脉血流动力学改变,眼内较大动脉（眼动脉,睫状后短动脉）影响较小9P＞0.05）。结论 CDFI是评价眼血流动力学的有效方法。吸烟可能与视网膜疾病有关。     

彩色多普勒超声对原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后血流动力学改变的研究

目的:观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后肝血管的血流动力学改变。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)对60例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗前后肝血管的血流动力学变化进行研究。结果:(1)TAE后肝动脉血流减少(P<0.05),而阻力指数(RI)和肝动脉内径改变不明显(P>0.05);(2)门静脉血流于TAE后增加(P<0.05),门静脉内径无明显变化(P>0.05);(3)TAE后瘤体明显缩小,瘤体血供减少(P<0.05);(4)肝静脉的血流治疗前后无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:CDFI是观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞治疗前后最好的影像学检查方法。     

彩色多普勒超声对原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后肝血管的血流动力学观察

目的观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后肝血管的血流动力学改变。方法应用彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)对60例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗前后肝血管的血流动力学变化进行研究。结果(1)TAE后肝动脉血流减少(P<0.05),而阻力指数(RI)和肝动脉内径改变不明显(P>0.05);(2)门静脉血流于TAE后增加(P<0.05),门静脉内径无明显变化(P>0.05);(3)TAE后瘤体明显缩小,瘤体血供减少(P<0.05);(4)肝静脉的血流治疗前后无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论CDFI是观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞治疗前后较好的影像学检查方法。     

应用彩色多普勒技术对正常人眼部血管血流动力学研究

目的 应用彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)技术对正常人眼动脉、视网膜中央动脉、睫状后动脉血流参数进行研究.方法 应用CDFI技术测量80例(160只眼)正常人眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)各段血流动力学参数并进行分析.结果 左右眼及性别之间差异无显著性(p＞0.05).50岁以上与以下组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 应用CDFI技术测定眼部动脉血流参数,对临床眼部相关血流动力学研究有重要意义.     

老年脑梗死患者脑动脉血流动力学与血压变异性的相关性

目的分析老年脑梗死患者脑动脉血流动力学与血压变异性的相关性,探讨血压变异性对患者脑动脉血流动力学的影响。方法将2018年3月—2019年11月收治的老年脑梗死172例作为脑梗死组,将同期收治的非脑梗死169例作为对照组。检测两组脑动脉血流动力学参数,记录两组血压变化情况,计算血压变异系数;分析老年脑梗死患者脑动脉血流动力学参数与血压变异系数的相关性。结果脑梗死组收缩期峰值速度、舒张末期速度及平均血流速度均小于对照组(P<0.01);两组血管阻力指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。脑梗死组收缩压变异系数及舒张压变异系数均大于对照组(P<0.01)。老年脑梗死患者脑动脉血流动力学参数与血压变异系数均呈正相关(P<0.01)。收缩压变异系数、舒张压变异系数均是老年脑梗死患者脑动脉血流动力学参数变化的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论老年脑梗死患者脑动脉血流动力学与血压变异性有一定相关性,血压变异性可能是老年脑梗死患者脑动脉血流动力学参数变化的影响因素,临床可通过早期持续监测老年脑梗死患者的血压水平,并积极采取相关措施,对改善患者脑动脉血流动力学意义重大。     

经颅多普勒对室性早搏脑动脉血流动力学定量研究

目的:探讨室性早搏对脑动脉血流动力学的影响。方法:使用法国ANGIODINE型经颅多普勒仪常规方法对31例室性早搏患者分别记录大脑前、中动脉的血流频谱,分别测量室性早搏前正常心动周期的收缩峰流速(NVs)、舒张峰流速(NVd)、平均峰流速(NVm);室性早搏时的收缩峰流速(EVs)、舒张峰流速(EVd)、平均峰流速(EVm)及代偿心搏(室性早搏后)的收缩峰流速(PVs)、舒张峰流速(PVd)、平均峰流速(PVm)。结果:EVs、EVd、EVm明显低于NVs、NVd、NVm(P<0.01),PVs、PVd、PVm明显高于NVs、NVd、NVm(P<0.01)及EVs、EVd、EVm(P<0.01),室性早搏时及早搏后代偿心搏Vs、Vd、Vm之和为正常心搏2NVs、2NVd、2NVm的94.43％,88.21％,90.19％;结论:室性早搏时脑动脉Vs、Vd、Vm降低,室性早搏后增高,但室性早搏后代偿心搏不能完全补偿室性早搏时的降低量,只为正常心搏的94.43％,88.21％,90.19％,提示窜性早搏可引起脑动脉灌注不足。     

HIFU辐照兔腹主动脉粥样硬化血管后血流动力学的变化

目的　观察HIFU辐照兔腹主动脉粥样硬化 (atherosclerosis ,AS)血管后血流动力学的变化 ,确定HIFU的安全性。方法　以CDFI和DSA检测HIFU辐照兔AS及对照组腹主动脉后不同时间血管血流的变化 ,测定血流动力学指标。结果　 48只兔 (AS组 :n1=2 4,对照组 :n2 =2 4) ,HIFU辐照后CDFI示动脉峰值血流速度、平均血流速度、阻力指数、搏动指数、血流量及血流量下降百分比均下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。DSA示动脉血流阻滞、充盈延迟 ,无血管栓塞和破裂 ;5d及 10d观察动脉血流呈向正常恢复趋势 ,对照组恢复更好。结论　HIFU辐照兔腹主动脉AS血管将导致可逆的血流动力学改变 ,HIFU辐照兔腹主动脉粥样硬化血管具有相对安全性     

彩色多普勒血流显像对胃十二指肠动脉血流的检出率和动力学测定

彩色多普勒血流显像对胃十二指肠动脉血流的检出率和动力学测定广州空军医院赵晓月，徐政新，权太东邮政编码５１０６０２胃十二指肠动脉（ＧＤＡ）是滋养胰腺的重要动脉之一，我们用彩色多普勒血流显像（ＣＤＦＩ）连续检测了９０名正常飞行员空腹的（ＧＤＡ，比较２Ｄ及...     

Ⅱ型糖尿病视网膜血流动力学变化与血糖关系的探讨

目的 :探讨 型糖尿病 (2 - DM)患者视网膜中央动脉 (CRA)的血流动力学变化及与糖化血红蛋白水平之间的关系。方法 :应用彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)对 84例 (16 8眼 ) 型糖尿病患者的视网膜中央动脉进行检测 ,经眼底检查确定有无合并视网膜病变并对合并视网膜病变者进行分型 ,同时检测其糖化血红蛋白的水平。结果 :1.糖尿病各组 CRA的 Vs、 Vd均低于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;RI高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;2 .经相关性分析表明 Hb A1c与 型糖尿病患者 CRA的血流速度测值呈负相关 ,与 CRA的 RI呈正相关。结论 :血糖是影响视网膜血流变化的重要因素之一。 CDFI是评价 CRA血流动力学变化的有效方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.