动脉内溶栓治疗外周动脉阻塞性病变

报告10例外周动脉阻塞性病变动脉内溶栓治疗,开通率100%。讨论其适应证、禁忌证,溶栓剂的应用,操作技术,影响疗效的因素及并发症等问题     

外周动脉阻塞的动脉内直接溶栓治疗

外周动脉阻塞性病变以往多采用静脉法溶栓治疗,但其用药量大,疗程长,出血并发症高,尤其是病程较长者,成功率低。随着器械及技术进步,应用动脉插管局部溶栓疗法,使其成功率显著提高。目前,动脉内局部溶栓已成为治疗外周动脉阻塞性病变的首选方法。我院自1999年8月以来经导管治疗外周动脉阻塞性病变5例,临床疗效满意,现予报道。     

经导管小剂量溶栓治疗动脉闭塞性疾患

目的 探讨血管内溶栓治疗急慢性动脉阻塞的疗效和价值。方法 ２３例患者中,男２０例女３例,年龄４－６５岁,血管造影证实国动脉阻塞（骼,股等）后,经导管借助微量泵输入国产尿激酶（１０万单位／小时）。结果 急性阻塞患者６例,病程０．５小时至３天,血管全部再通,尿激酶用量人平均为６０万单位,慢性病程血管总再通率６５％（１１／１７）,其中长期缺血,病程在２年内者１２例,再通率９２％（１１／１２）,尿激酶用量     

经皮动脉内溶栓治疗外周动脉阻塞性病变

外周动脉闭塞性疾病变为临床常见病,其愈后转归与处理是否及时准确有密切关系。采用介入导管法溶栓治疗具有快捷、准确和安全的特点。笔者对15例外周动脉阻塞性病例,采用超选择外周动脉溶栓术治疗,取得良好效果,现报告如下。1材料与方法1·1临床材料本组15例,男14例,女1例;年龄     

重视外周动脉血管内支架的临床应用

重视外周动脉血管内支架的临床应用任安姜卫剑张雪哲血管内支架治疗外周血管疾病是介入放射学近年来最新科技成果之一。有关髂动脉、股动脉和肾动脉内支架等临床应用已有不少报道，经过多中心合作对比分析和中、远期追踪观察，认为此项技术是一项相对成熟的技术。近几年来...     

经导管动脉内灌注尿激酶治疗急性脑动脉阻塞

目的 :探讨动脉血管内溶栓治疗急性脑动脉阻塞的疗效和价值。方法 :在DSA机下采用超选择性动脉插管灌注尿激酶治疗 48例急性脑动脉闭塞疾患。平均发病时间 2 9.6h ,尿激酶用量 80 0 0 0～ 3 0 0 0 0 0IU ,灌注时间持续 45～48min。结果 :6例患者即刻完全再通 ,3 8例部分再通 ,4例未通 ,临床有效率为 91.6%。结论 :超选择性动脉内灌注尿激酶是治疗急性脑动脉闭塞性疾病的优先选择方法。     

局部动脉内溶栓治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞26例报告

目的观察局部动脉内溶栓治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞的疗效,探讨如何提高其治疗效果。方法将微导管插入眼动脉或置于颈动脉内行眼动脉造影,将10万～25万U尿激酶用100ml生理盐水稀释溶解,间断手控推人眼动脉或颈内动脉一眼动脉起始部,行溶栓治疗。结果本组26例患者中,8例术后视力由术前光感或眼前数指恢复至0．1以上,10例有中度增进,8例无明显好转。视力有所恢复的18例中,发病至溶栓时间均在8天以内,视力明显恢复的3例中,2例是在发病3天内溶栓。结论局部动脉内溶栓治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞有明显疗效,溶栓效果与溶栓时间密切相关,溶栓治疗应尽早开始。     

超选择眼动脉插管局部溶栓治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞

目的　观察超选择眼动脉插管灌注尿激酶溶栓治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞的疗效。方法　经股动脉或颈动脉插管 ,应用微导管技术将导管插入眼动脉局部溶栓治疗 12例中央动脉血栓形成致视力障碍患者。结果　治疗后 ,患者视力有不同程度提高 ,获得了比较满意的效果。结论　正确诊断 ,早期应用超选择局部溶栓、扩血管并尽可能应用较大剂量溶栓药物 ,可能比其他治疗方法更为有效     

Percutaneous Recanalization of Acute Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions in Patients with Severe Stroke

Background Sudden symptomatic occlusions of the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) resulting in severe middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemia and stroke are usually not accessible by rt-PA thrombolysis and the prognosis is usually very poor. Mechanical recanalization of the proximal ICA combined with intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis was therefore used as a rescue procedure. Methods Ten patients (9 men, 1 woman; mean age 56.1 years) were treated with emergency recanalization of the proximal carotid artery by using stents and/or balloon angioplasty as a rescue procedure. Three patients showed dissection, and 7 had atherothrombotic occlusions. Nine of 10 presented with an initial modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 5, the remaining patient with mRS 4 (average NIHSS 21.4). After sonographic confirmation of ICA with associated MCA/distal ICA occlusion and bridging with rt-PA (without abciximab) an emergency angiography was performed with subsequent mechanical recanalization by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (n = 1) or primary stenting (n = 9) using self-expanding stents. Distal protection was used in 1 of 10 patients. Results Recanalization of the proximal ICA was achieved in all. At least partial recanalization of the intracerebral arteries was achieved in all, and complete recanalization in 5. In 4 of 10 patients limited hemorrhage was detected during CT controls. Major complications included 2 patients who had to undergo hemicraniectomy. One patient died from malignant infarction. At the time of discharge from the stroke unit 9 of 10 patients had improved markedly, 5 patients having an mRS of ≤2, and 3 patients a mRS of 3. At control after a mean of 20 weeks, 7 of 8 (88%) patients had a mRS ≤2, and 1 a mRS of 3. Conclusions Primary mechanical recanalization of ICA occlusions by stent and PTA combined with fibrinolysis and/or GPIIb/IIIa-receptor antagonists seems to be feasible to improve patient outcome significantly.     

肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的血管内支架及溶栓治疗

目的 探讨上腔静脉内支架置入及局部溶栓治疗原发性肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征（SVCS）的临床价值。材料与方法 采用经皮穿刺股静脉插管的方法对15例肺癌合并SVCS患者分别向狭窄的上静脉置入1枚直径10－14mm、长60－80mm的镍钛记忆合金支架,其中5例经导管注入尿激酶30－42万U局部溶栓治疗。结果 15例支架置入一次成功,上腔静脉血流恢复通畅。14例患者SVCS症状很快消除;1例合并血栓者经局部溶栓治疗后症状显著改善,随访3个月－5年,6例患者成活3个月－3年,无复发;5例患者术后4个月－2年因肺癌死亡时亦无复发。4例患者术后短期内复发支架内血栓阻塞,经局部溶栓治疗后症状显著改善。结论 血管内支架治疗肺癌合并SVCS是一种有效的姑息治疗方法,及时局部溶栓治疗是防止近期复发的良好手段,为了延长这类患者的生存期,必须重视肺癌本身的治疗。     

金属支架、内涵管治疗恶性胆管梗阻的临床疗效比较

目的比较金属支架与塑料支架(内涵管)置入术治疗恶性胆管梗阻的临床疗效.资料与方法 95例实施经皮穿肝胆总管支架置入术的恶性胆管梗阻患者,其中61例置入自膨式金属支架(支架组),34例置入10F塑料内涵管(内涵管组).所有患者均随访至死亡或至少术后1年.用Kaplan-Meier方法分析比较两组患者的生存率及支架开通率.结果支架组患者的30天死亡率(6/61,9.8%)低于内涵管组(9/34,26.5%,P＜0.05).支架组30天再阻塞率(15.0%)和并发症发生率(16.4%)均明显低于内涵管组(分别为32.4%和29.4%,P＜0.01).支架组中位开通期(230天)和中位生存期(224天)明显长于内涵管组(分别为90天和94天,P＜0.01).结论金属支架置入术治疗恶性胆管梗阻临床疗效优于内涵管置入术.     

A Newly Designed Nitinol Stent: Early Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Iliac Artery Stenoses and Occlusions

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of the newly designed Niti-S stent in the management of iliac arterial stenoses and occlusions.

Materials and Methods

Stenoses (n=25) or occlusions (n=5) in the iliac arteries of 25 patients (30 limbs) were treated. The site of the lesions was the common (n=15) or external (n=11) iliac artery, or both (n=4). Eight limbs were treated for diffuse disease, six for highly eccentric lesion, five for occlusive lesion, and 11 for failed angioplasty.

Results

In all patients, technical success was achieved without major complications. One death, not procedure-related, occurred within 30 days. Ankle-brachial indexes improved from 0.63±0.30 to 0.99±0.21, and ischemic symptoms showed improvement in 22 patients (88%). Fontaine classifications before stenting, namely IIa(n=3), IIb(n=16), III(n=2), and IV(n=4) improved to I(n=17), IIa(n=5), and IV(n=3). Follow-up over a 27 (mean, 19.8±8)-month period showed that cumulative patency rates were 95.8% at 1 year and 86.2% at 2 and 3 years. No significant decrease in the mean ankle-brachial index was observed.

Conclusion

The Niti-S stent appears to be a safe and effective device for the treatment of iliac stenoses and occlusions. These preliminary results require confirmation with a larger series.     

Stent Placement for Chronic Iliac Arterial Occlusive Disease: the Results of 10 Years Experience in a Single Institution

Objective

We wanted to retrospectively evaluate the long-term therapeutic results of iliac arterial stent placement that was done in a single institution for 10 years.

Materials and Methods

From May 1994 to April 2004, 206 patients who underwent iliac arterial stent placement (mean age; 64±8.8) were followed up for evaluating the long term stent patency. Combined or subsequent bypass surgery was performed in 72 patients. The follow up period ranged from one month to 120 months (mean; 31±25.2 months). The factors that were analyzed for their effect on the patency of stents were age, the stent type and diameter, the lesion site, lesion shape, lesion length, the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventinal Radiology criteria, the total run off scores, the Fontaine stage and the cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking). Follow-up included angiography and/or CT angiography, color Doppler sonography and clinical evaluation with the ankle-brachial index.

Results

Two hundred and eighty-four stents were placed in 249 limbs of 203 patients. The technical success rate was 98% (203/206). The primary patency rates of the stents at 3, 5, 7 and 10 year were 87%, 83%, 61% and 49%, respectively. One hundred seventy-seven patients maintained the primary stent patency until the final follow up and 26 patients showed stenosis or obstruction during the follow up. Secondary intervention was performed in thirteen patients. Lesions in the external iliac artery (EIA) or lesions in both the common iliac artery (CIA) and EIA were a poor prognostic factor for stent patency. The run off score and stent diameter also showed statistically significant influence on stent patency. The overall complication rate was 6%.

Conclusion

Iliac arterial stent placement is a safe treatment with favorable long term patency. Lesions in the EIA or lesions in both the EIA and CIA, poor run off vessels and a stent having the same or a larger diameter than 10 mm were the poor prognostic factors for long term stent patency.     

Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusions of the Superior Mesenteric Artery in Patients with Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: Technical and Clinical Outcomes

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and outcomes of endovascular recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI).Materials and MethodsA single-institution retrospective review was performed of 47 consecutive patients (18 male, 29 female) who underwent endovascular stent placement for CTOs of the SMA between February 2006 and November 2012. All patients had symptoms of CMI. Procedural and follow-up data were collected for assessment of technical success, safety, and outcome.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in 41 of 47 patients (87%). Forty-two of the 47 procedures were performed from a femoral approach. Fifteen patients underwent concurrent revascularization of the celiac artery. All patients who underwent successful recanalization reported symptomatic improvement. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed primary freedom from symptomatic recurrence of 95% at 12 months and 78% at 24 months. Symptomatic recurrence was observed in seven patients, all of whom underwent successful assisted or secondary endovascular procedures. Secondary freedom from symptomatic recurrence rates were 100% at 12 months and 88% 24 months. There were three (7%) minor access-related complications and no major complications.ConclusionsEndovascular stent-assisted recanalization of chronic SMA occlusions is safe and effective, with an acceptable rate of technical success and excellent midterm clinical outcomes.     

Implantation of the Corinthian IQ stent into the femoropopliteal arteries using 6-F introducer sheaths in antegrade and crossover procedures: midterm results

The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical performance of the implantation of the Corinthian IQ stent into the femoropopliteal arteries using 6-F introducer sheaths. Thirty-three lesions (24 stenoses, 9 occlusions) in 32 patients (mean age 67 years) were stented. Selective stent implantation was performed after unsatisfactory percutaneous transluminal angioplasty result with an antegrade access in 21 patients and through a crossover sheath in 11 patients. A total of 36 stents were implanted. Stent delivery was successful in all cases (stent diameter 5 or 6 mm, stent length 11–38 mm). In none of the cases was stent dislodgement from the balloon observed. Stent placement was optimal without residual stenosis in 30 cases. In 1 case the stent was chosen too short requiring implantation of a second stent. In 1 patient distal embolization was observed which was treated with catheter embolectomy. Nine-month primary and secondary patency rates were 79±8.7 and 86±7.7%, respectively. Implantation of the Corinthian IQ stent into the femoropopliteal arteries using 6-F introducer sheaths is safe in antegrade and crossover procedures. Presented at ECR 2002.     

Treatment of Severe Renal Artery Stenosis with Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Hemodialysis by Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty and Stent Implantation

PurposeTo evaluate the outcomes of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent implantation (PTRAS) among patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) who become dialysis-dependent due to acute deterioration of renal function.Materials and MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective cohort study of all PTRAS procedures performed from 2003 to 2019 in a referral hospital. A total of 109 procedures were performed in 92 patients. Eleven patients (12%) presented with anuric acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to high-grade RAS (defined as intraluminal stenosis above 70% per angiography) and underwent PTRAS after starting hemodialysis. Data collected included demographic parameters, medical background, creatinine, blood pressure, indication for intervention, procedure characteristics, adverse events, and long-term data including dialysis treatment and mortality. Among the dialysis-dependent AKI group, outcome measures were defined based on the postprocedural improvement in kidney function and discontinuation of dialysis.ResultsFollowing PTRAS, 8 of 11 patients (73%) demonstrated improved kidney function and were able to discontinue dialysis. The median time on dialysis was 18 days (range, 2–35 days) before PTRAS and 4.5 days (range, 1–24 days) to recovery of kidney function after the time of intervention.ConclusionsPatients with atherosclerotic RAS who develop RAS-related AKI may benefit from PTRAS even after several weeks of anuria and dialysis dependence.     

Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for the Treatment of Nonoperable Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Single-Center Experience with Low Initial Complication Rate

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for nonoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients during the initial experience of a single center.MethodsA total of 18 CTEPH patients (5 with residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy) were treated with BPA during the period 2014–2018 and were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age was 61 ± 19 years; 55% were female; mean pulmonary artery pressure was 44 ± 12 mmHg; cardiac output was 4.3 ± 1.0 l/min; and pulmonary vascular resistance was 8.4 ± 3.6 WU. Patients were evaluated by New York Heart Association functional class, 6-minute walk distance, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, echocardiography, right heart catheterization, and before and after completions of BPA.ResultsA total of 91 procedures were performed, with a median number of 4 BPA sessions per patient (range, 2–8). There were no deaths or major complications requiring extracorporeal support or (non)invasive ventilation. The most common complication was self-limiting hemoptysis (3%). According to Society of Interventional Radiology classification, 4 mild, 4 moderate, and 1 severe adverse events were noted. Invasive hemodynamics significantly improved, with a cardiac index increase of 15% (P = .0333), decrease of mean pulmonary artery pressure of 30% (P = .0013), and decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance of 45% (P = .0048). Stroke volume index (P = .0171) and pulmonary arterial compliance (P = .0004) were also significantly enhanced.ConclusionsBPA significantly improves cardiopulmonary hemodynamics with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies assessing the long-term efficacy of BPA are required.