特发性脊柱侧凸的手术策略

目的　探讨和评价不同部位和程度的特发性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗策略。　方法　175 例特发性脊柱侧凸病人接受了矫正融合手术。按照其畸形的程度和部位分为 4 组,分别采取不同的手术方法。对各组病人的失血量、手术时间、矫正率、随访矫正丢失率及并发症进行分析比较。　结果　所有病人均安全完成手术,没有神经系统并发症的发生。其侧凸矫正率分别为:第 1 组 81%;第 2 组86%;第3组68%;第4组72%。所有病人随访2年以上,平均为38 个月(24~52 个月)。　结论　根据脊柱侧凸畸形的程度和部位,正确选择适当的矫正方式,特发性脊柱侧凸可以获得满意的治疗效果。     

特发性脊柱侧凸的临床手术治疗

目的：探讨特发性脊柱侧凸手术方法与效果.方法：对特发性脊椎侧凸的临床手术方法进行分析.结果：手术成功率成97％以上,无感染并发症发生,术后冠状面平均矫正率74％.结论：对支具无法控制的脊柱侧凸,侧凸角度超过40～50°的患者.脊椎侧凸的矫正手术有Harrington手术、Dwyer手术、Luque手术、C-D技术、TSRH技术等.主要是矫正畸形,保持脊柱平衡、稳定,减少脊柱融合范围,尽可能的恢复功能.     

椎弓根螺钉治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的手术疗效

目的:探讨后路椎弓根螺钉治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床疗效.方法:2006年3月至2009年4月,连续收治青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者21例,其中男性8例,女性13例;年龄10-19岁,平均14.9岁;所有患者均行后路椎弓根螺钉固定术,术后胸腰支具保护3个月;术前术后行脊柱X线片测量冠状位胸弯与腰弯Cobb角,并测量C7中点垂线与骶骨中垂线(CSVL)的平均距离(C7-CSVL),术前按Lenke法进行分型,Nash-Moe法对椎体旋转程度进行分级.结果:患者术前胸弯Cobb角平均52.4°,术后为12.3°,矫正率为76.5％,末次随访14.6°,矫正率为72.1％,平均丢失2.3°;术前腰弯Cobb角平均43.7°,术后为10.8°,矫正率为75.3％,末次随访12.1％,矫正率72.3％,平均丢失1.3°;C7-CSVL由术前平均6.3 cm矫正为1.8 cm.术后随访24-48个月,平均32个月,未发现假关节形成,无明显畸形丢失.结论:使用后路椎弓根螺钉固定系统治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸可获得良好的矫正率,且并发症少,疗效满意.     

特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗体会

脊柱侧凸是脊柱的一部或大部偏离了身体正常轴线而凸向一侧导致的脊柱外形改变,特发性脊柱侧凸原因不明的脊柱侧凸,最常见,约占全部脊柱侧凸的80%,多见于青少年,女性多于男性,主要是由于不对称的生长和不对称的肌肉作用所致.特发性脊柱侧凸,在青春期以前,畸形缓慢进展者,可继续观察并用支架等非手术治疗,尽可能选择在脊柱生长已大部分完成而侧凸还未发展到极重时手术.     

特发性脊柱侧凸的病因学研究

特发性脊柱侧凸是一种三维的畸形，特征性的表现为脊柱向侧方凸出以及椎体的旋转。尽管早在Hippocrate时代对此病就有了描述，而且对其临床表现的描述已经是尽善尽美，但是无人能够确切指出该病的病因以及发病机制。近年来，脊柱结构的元件、椎旁肌、胶原结构、内分泌系统、血小板钙调蛋白、褪黑素、中枢神经系统以及基因成为特发性脊柱侧凸的病因学研究的焦点。本文就特发性脊柱侧凸病因学研究的不同方向进行回顾。     

1例青春期特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形术患者手术前后的护理

实施系统的整体护理, 可以增进护患沟通,详细了解病情,减少护理并发症,促进患儿早日康复.     

后路脊柱融合术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的畸形相关并发症

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)是一种发生于青春期累及脊柱三个平面的脊柱畸形,发病机制未明。后路脊柱融合术(PSF)是目前治疗AIS应用最广泛的术式,但其术后并发症也逐渐引起了人们的重视,其中,畸形相关并发症如adding-on现象、近端交界性后凸、远端交界处后凸、冠状位失衡和双肩不平衡是AIS术后最常见的并发症,了解这些并发症的定义、诊断标准、发生率、自然史、危险因素和预防措施对于制定AIS的手术策略至关重要。本文对近年来关于PSF治疗AIS出现畸形相关并发症的最新研究进展进行了概述。     

特发性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗进展

特发性脊柱侧凸(idiopathic scoliosis, IS)是指患者的脊柱有结构性侧凸(在冠状面上Cobb角>10°,且合并有脊柱的旋转)而无其他器质性疾病.它是脊柱外科的常见病,严重影响患者的身心健康.随着对IS自然病程的进一步认识以及材料科学、生物力学等的迅速发展,新的治疗方法、治疗技术不断出现.目前IS的治疗正处于一个不断进步的阶段,总体上可以分为支具治疗和手术治疗两大类.近几十年来,随着脊柱畸形三维概念的引入、随着内固定系统的不断改进、随着外科技术的迅速更新以及麻醉技术的提高,对IS的手术矫正治疗已取得了显著进步.现就IS的手术治疗进展作一综述.     

特发性脊柱侧凸手术治疗的探讨

目的探讨不同手术方法对特发性脊柱侧凸矫形的疗效。方法对94例特发性脊柱侧凸患者采用了Harrington术式、联合Harrington—Luque（H-L）术式、C—D及TSRH三维矫正,术前、术后临床资料的长期总结,分析所采用不同术式的治疗效果。结果本组94例术后随访时间1—3年,Harrington术式、联合Harrington—Luqve（H-L）术式、C—D及TSRH三维矫正平均矫正率分别为36．42％、45．18％、55．68％、63．28％,采用H—L、C—D和TSRH手术方法的矫正度均高于Harrington方法,其中以TSRH三维矫正系统效果最显著。结论手术矫正特发性脊柱侧凸效果是明显的,尤以近年运用的三维矫正系统效果更为优良。     

特发性脊柱侧凸矫形术后平衡的影像学评价

特发性脊柱侧凸是脊柱外科的常见病,对于角度较大、进展较快的脊柱侧凸,手术治疗是惟一有效方法,其目的是通过对畸形的三维矫正与稳定,重建脊柱的平衡。评价脊柱侧凸矫形术后的平衡是判断手术效果的一个重要方面。虽然对各平面平衡评价的参数较多,但各个参数的针对性、敏感性不同,目前尚缺乏统一的平衡评价系统。本文对脊柱侧凸术后冠状面、矢状面以及横断面平衡评价的影像学参数作一综述。     

Strong halo-femoral traction with wide posterior spinal release and three dimensional spinal correction for the treatment of severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background  Many investigators advocate anterior release combined with halo-femoral traction and posterior fusion when treating stiff thoracic curves in patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). But the anterior operations often induce severe complications. Some surgeons choose posterior-only surgery with halo-femoral traction, posterior wide release and correction. But to the best of our knowledge, there are only rare prospective studies on these posterior-only surgeries for AIS patients who have a rigid curve more than 80° and flexibility less than 35%.

Methods  Sixty-four AIS patients were recruited from September 2006 to June 2009. All patients had rigid curves and underwent spinal correction. They were randomly divided into group A (combined anteroposterior surgery) and group B (posterior-only surgery). Images and scoliosis research society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22) scores were performed pre- and post-operation and during follow-up visits. The operation time, blood loss, hospital days, and hospital charges were compared between the two groups.

Results  These patients were followed for an average of 37.5 months (range, 24–65 months). No serious complications were observed. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, preoperative radiographic data, or preoperative SRS-22 score. The average operation time, blood loss, hospital days and hospital charges in group B were less than those in group A. The SRS-22 score in group B was better than in group A at post-operation and at final follow-up.

Conclusions  In AIS with a rigid curve more than 80° and flexibility less than 35%, strong halo-femoral traction with wide posterior spinal release and three dimensional spinal correction can provide better SRS-22 scores, comparable curve correction, shorter operation time, less blood loss, shorter hospital stays and lower charges when compared to combined anterior and posterior surgery.

     

Selective fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Despite the continual evolution in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （AIS）,the goals of surgery remain to correct and stabilize the deformity in three dimensions, to maintain equilibrium of the shoulders and trunk, and to leave as many mobile spinal segments as possible. The essence is to fuse the smallest possible number of vertebrae to maintain maximum residual mobility, but end with corrected and well-balanced spine. Selective fusion is termed when both the main thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar （TL/L） curves deviate completely from the midline （Figure 1）, but only the major curve （the largest Cobb measurement） is fused, leaving the minor curve unfused and mobile. For the single curve, such as thoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbar curve, there are fewer differences of opinion amongst spinal surgeons regarding the selection of the fusion level than the surgical approach. However, the choice of fusion levels in some types of curves, such as double curves and triple controversy issue. If the fusion is incorrect, it curvature deterioration, curves remains a difficult and decision to perform selective may result in postoperative shoulder imbalance, trunk decompensation, or even produce new deformity, an early revision by extending the fusion or reducing the correction may need. The non-selective approach rarely leads to early troubles that require a second procedure and is often perceived as being safer in the short-term. But it may be more difficult in the long-term as distal degeneration is more likely. This raises the question： ＂Is it better to be safe in the short-term or take a chance avoiding later degenerative problems with a shorter motion-sparing fusion？＂ Thus, the aim of selective fusion is to identify the compensatory curves （minor curve） that will straighten spontaneously after correcting and fusing the major curve, thereby avoid the fusion of these flexible compensatory curves.     

COA: Sagittal plane analysis of the spine and pelvis in adult idiopathic scoliosis

Background There has been an increasing recognition of the importance of sagittal spinopelvic alignment in patients with scoliosis as it relates to clinical outcomes. However, the changes seen in sagittal spinopelvic alignment in adult idiopathic scoliosis patients is poorly defined. This study was conducted to evaluate the sagittal alignment of pelvis and spine in adult idiopathic scoliosis patients.Methods The sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis were analyzed in lateral standing radiographs of 124 patients （mean age 47.4 years） with adult idiopathic scoliosis, including thoracic kyphosis （TK）, thoracolumbar junction kyphosis （TLJ）, lumbar lordosis （LL）, pelvic incidence （PI）, sacrum slope （SS）, pelvic tilt （PT） and C7 plumb line （C7PL）. The patients were divided into three groups according to the age： 20-40 years, 41-64 years, and ≥65 years. The parameters were compared with those in normal adults and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis （AIS） patients. The relationship between all parameters as well as age and sagittal parameters were analyzed.Results The PI in patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis was 58.1°±13.0°, which was significantly higher than that in normal adults. The PT （19.9°±10.6°） was also higher than that in both normal adults and AIS patients, while the SS （38.1°±12.0°） was similar or smaller. As age increased, C7PL, PT and TJL increased while LL decreased. There was no relationship between age and both PI and TK. PT had the strongest statistical association with the C7PL.Conclusions PI is higher in adult idiopathic scoliosis than normal subjects. The PT is the most relevant pelvic parameter to the global sagittal alignment of the spine. Age significantly influences sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis except the PI and TK.     

先天性脊柱侧弯与特发性脊柱侧弯对肺功能影响的对比分析

目的: 比较先天性脊柱侧弯(CS)与特发性脊柱侧弯(IS)患者肺功能参数的差异,阐明其对呼吸功能的影响。方法: 选择拟行手术治疗的脊柱侧弯患者61例,根据病因分为CS患者组(25例)和IS患者组(36例),分析两类脊柱侧弯患者肺功能参数的改变及其异同。结果: 2组患者年龄、体质量和Cobb角等基线情况相似。CS和IS组中分别有6例和12例存在通气功能障碍,15例和25例存在换气功能障碍。2组患者残气量(RV)、残气量/肺总量(RV/TLC)和残气量/肺总量占预计值百分比(RV/TLC%pred)3项肺功能均异常升高。CS组患者用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%pred)和第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV₁/FVC)显著低于IS组(P<0.05);IS组患者肺活量占预计值百分比(VC%pred)、FVC%pred、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV₁%pred)、最大呼气中段流量占预计值百分比(MMEF%pred)、最大分钟通气量占预计值百分比(MVV%pred)、肺总量占预计值百分比(TLC%pred)及肺一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比(DLCO%pred)与Cobb角均呈负相关关系(r=-0.54~-0.35,P<0.05);CS组患者TLC%pred与Cobb角呈负相关关系(r=-0.047,P<0.05)。结论: 不同类型脊柱侧弯对患者的肺功能指标均产生影响,IS患者肺功能损害程度较CS患者更为严重,对生活质量影响更大,需要早期及时处理。     

胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸远端融合椎选择的分析研究

目的 探讨胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)远端融合椎(LIV)新的选择标准.方法 纳入融合胸腰弯且经过1.5年以上随访的患者52例,患者均符合新的AIS选择标准,即术前站立正位X线片骶正中线(CSVL)在侧凸远端接触到的第1椎体为触及椎(TV),且该TV应符合以下要求:Nash-Moe旋转度小于或等于Ⅱ度;凹侧Bending像上CSVL位于TV两侧椎弓根之间;不存在胸腰段及腰段后凸畸形;CSVL距离TV 3～4 mm的患者也列入研究范围.所有患者均由同一组经验丰富的脊柱外科医师实施手术,均采用后路全椎弓根钉内固定矫形融合.术前、术后即刻、终末随访均测站立位脊柱全长正侧X线片、卧位左右Bending像,并测量主弯Cobb角、冠状面躯干偏移(TS)、LIV倾斜度(LIVT)、LIV尾侧椎间盘角度(LIVA),观察TV、稳定椎等位置,记录并进行统计分析.结果 所有患者均随访18个月以上,平均(23±3)个月.术前、术后即刻、末次随访主弯Cobb角分别为(49.32±11.37)°、(9.08±6.78)°、(10.65±6.68)°,LIVT分为(21.76±4.68)°、(5.17±4.09)°、(5.16±3.08)°,LIVA分别为(7.19±5.16)°、(3.16±2.78)°、(4.17±3.28)°,术后即刻、末次随访时上述各项指标与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前躯干失代偿患者27例,末次随访时5例患者并发躯干失代偿,未较术前增加.将TV作为LIV与采用稳定椎做LIV相比,前者可以节省(1.42±0.45)个融合节段.结论 采用新标准进行胸腰段AIS手术治疗比目前临床上常用的方法节省融合节段.     

可膨胀椎弓根螺钉治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的疗效分析

目的：探讨可膨胀椎弓根螺钉(expansive pedicle screws,EPS)治疗成人退行性脊柱侧凸畸形(degenerative scoliosis, DS)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我科2012年1月-2013年9月手术矫形治疗的DS患者21例,其中男性4例,女性17例,平均年龄60.1(45~74)岁。均采用EPS进行矫形固定。术前、术后5~7 d、术后1年拍摄脊柱全长X线片测量影像学参数观察矫形变化。收集术前、术后1年腰腿痛VAS及ODI评分评定生活质量。结果21例均随访1年以上。术中使用EPS 252根,3次共5根螺钉矫形时拔钉。术后Cobb角、C7至骶骨中线铅垂线偏移距离、腰椎前凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、失状位垂直轴与术前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),矫形效果满意;手术前后腰痛VAS、腿痛VAS及ODI评分分别为6.2±2.2、3.8±1.5,5.3±2.7、3.3±2.3,35.3±6.4、17.6±7.3,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),生活质量明显改善。结论应用可膨胀椎弓根螺钉治疗退行性脊柱侧凸可获得良好的临床疗效。     

Surgical treatment for scoliosis extending to main thoracic spine by keyvertebral-screws technique （KVST）

Objective ：To introduce a key-vertebral-screws technique （KVST） in the surgical treatment of scoliosis extending to main thoracic levels, and to find the role of fulcrum bending in predicting the result of surgical treatment for scoliosis by this technique. Methods： Seventeen consecutive patients with scoliosis extending to main thoracic spine, who underwent pure posterior fusion without anterior or posterior release by KVST between January 2004 and July 2005 were evaluated for fulcrum bending flexibility, surgical correction rate, fulcrum bending correction index （FBCI） in main thoracic curves. Universal Spine System （USS） instrumentation was used in 15 cases, Monarch in another 2 cases. The severity of the curves was measured by Cobb＇s method using RadWork 6.0 software. Preoperative standing AP radiographs, preoperative fulcrum bending anterioposterior （AP） radiographs, postoperative standing AP radiographs, and most recent follow-up standing AP radiographs for spine were measured and recorded. All the data were analyzed with two-sample paired t-test by Origin 7.0 software. Results： Infection and neurological complications were not noted. No major complications were found. Just one case had some axial back pain, which got a full recovery from physiotherapy for 2 weeks. In the X-ray, there was an average correction of 71.5 % of the fused main thoracic curves, which had no significant lose of correction in final follow-up. For the whole fused main thoracic curves, the fulcrum bending flexibility were lower to operation correction rate （P=0. 013）. The average FBCI was 123%. From the data, the more rigid curves （especially fulcrum bending flexibility 〈50%）, the more correction rate operation could get, compared with fulcrum bending flexibility. Conclusion： （1） KVST is a good method in the surgical treatment of thoracic scoliosis, which can get satisfying result with lower medical cost. （2） Fulcrum bending flexibility is lower than operative correction rate by KVST in main