游离皮瓣联合预构扩张皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕

目的:探讨游离皮瓣联合预构扩张皮瓣修复面颈部大面积瘢痕的疗效.方法:2017年6月-2019年6月,应用游离皮瓣联合预构扩张皮瓣修复6例烧伤后患者的面颈部瘢痕.一期设计游离皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕的同时于前躯正常皮肤处设计预构扩张皮瓣,取长约10～14cm的旋股外侧动脉降支血管蒂作为预置血管,将扩张器及预置血管一同置入预扩张的...     

大段游离胫骨异位预构骨皮瓣二期带蒂原位回植修复骨及皮肤软组织缺损

[目的]探讨大段游离胫骨异位血管化预构骨皮瓣二期带蒂原位回植修复骨及皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。[方法]对2例大段胫骨开放性粉碎性骨折并皮肤软组织缺损者,其中,1例胫骨骨折术后发生严重感染(例1),另1例游离胫骨段严重污染(例2),分别将体外灭菌处理的大段游离胫骨异位于股直肌与股外侧肌间隙之旋股外侧动脉降支血管处预构骨皮瓣,同时对胫骨开放创面进行抗感染治疗,待感染创面治愈后,择期行携带旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的异位血管化骨皮瓣原位回植修复骨及皮肤软组织缺损。[结果]两患者游离胫骨段在异位预构骨皮瓣的整个过程中均未发生感染,预构骨皮瓣术后3个月DSA均显示:游离胫骨段周围可见大量血管生长,且部分血管长入胫骨段内。1例小腿部感染创面在预构骨皮瓣术后6个月治愈;预构骨皮瓣术后1年行带血管蒂的预构骨皮瓣原位回植修复胫骨及小腿部皮肤缺损,回植术后5个月,原骨折部位下段发生慢性感染,经抗感染治疗6个月后治愈;回植术后12个月患肢负重行走功能开始恢复。例2污染创面在预构骨皮瓣术后一个半月闭合;预构骨皮瓣术后6个月行带血管蒂的骨皮瓣原位回植修复胫骨及小腿部皮肤缺损;回植术后11个月患肢负重行走功能完全恢复。[结论]大段游离胫骨异位于股直肌与股外侧肌间隙之旋股外侧动脉降支血管处可预构带血管蒂的骨皮瓣,其可作为修复大段骨缺损的自体骨来源,为大段骨缺损的治疗提供新思路。     

吻合血管的游离组织瓣修复进行性单侧面萎缩症

目的用游离的股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣充填修复进行性单侧面萎缩症。方法设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的游离股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣或旋肩胛血管为血管蒂的肩胛真皮脂肪瓣，切取筋膜脂肪瓣或真皮脂肪瓣后将其转移至面部萎缩处，然后将旋股外侧动脉降支或旋肩胛血管和面动静脉相吻合。结果临床治疗8例，其中应用股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣7例，肩胛真皮脂肪瓣1例，组织瓣全部成活，矫正的患侧面部形态与健侧基本对称，外形满意。结论游离组织瓣移植，尤其以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的股前外侧筋膜脂肪瓣能提供足够的组织量，是修复进行性单侧面萎缩症较好的方法。     

血管移植技术在面颈部组织扩张术中的临床应用

目的 将血管移植皮瓣预制技术应用于常规的面颈部组织扩张术中,从而提高扩张皮瓣转移的灵活性和利用率.方法 手术分两期进行Ⅰ期手术,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,掀起颞浅筋膜瓣,同时,在面颈部剥离,形成适当大小的组织腔隙,将颞浅筋膜瓣转移至组织腔隙内,适当固定,在筋膜瓣下放置皮肤扩张器;Ⅱ期手术,扩张完毕后,取出扩张器,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,将传统的面颈部扩张皮瓣,转化为可以带蒂转移的岛状皮瓣,用于颜面部组织缺损的修复.结果 临床应用11例,分别用于面部黑痣、血管瘤和面部瘢痕切除后遗留创面的修复.颞浅筋膜岛状瓣血管蒂长6.5～10.0 cm,筋膜瓣面积5.0 cm×5.0 cm～6.0 cm× 8.0 cm,面颈部扩张岛状皮瓣的面积为6.0 cm×8.0 cm～7.0 cm×17.0 cm.术后皮瓣全部成活,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合者7例,另行植皮修复者4例.结论 血管移植技术和常规皮肤软组织扩张技术相结合,可以将传统的扩张皮瓣转化为可以带蒂转移的岛状皮瓣,提高了扩张皮瓣转移时的灵活性和皮瓣的利用率.     

以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的 设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的股部皮肤穿支血管的嵌合皮瓣,为修复口腔颌面部的大面积、复杂的洞穿性缺损提供一种新的方法.方法 根据旋股外侧动脉降支的走行及分支、其在股部正面及两侧可能存在的皮肤穿支血管,设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损8例.此种皮瓣可分为3种类型:股前外侧皮瓣+股前内侧皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣+股直肌穿支皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣+股前外侧皮瓣.结果 术后8例16块皮瓣均成活,无并发症,且供区均直接拉拢缝合,未行皮片移植.术后随访1～9个月,患者面部外形和功能均良好,供区畸形和功能障碍均不明显.结论 以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣吻合血管数量少,较切取2个皮瓣供区损伤小,组织量大,适合口腔颌面部大型复杂的组织缺损的修复.     

颞浅筋膜预构颈部扩张皮瓣修复大面积面部缺损的临床研究

目的 观察颞浅筋膜瓣预构颈部扩张皮瓣,修复大面积面部缺损的效果。方法 2013年6月至2015年3月,应用颞浅筋膜瓣预构颈部扩张皮瓣,治疗10例大面积面部缺损患者。分离颞浅筋膜瓣,返折后固定于颈部预扩张皮瓣下方,并放置扩张器;经5~6个月的扩张获得足够的新生皮肤后,设计皮瓣,形成以颞浅筋膜为蒂的岛状皮瓣,将皮瓣转移修复面部缺损。结果 颞浅筋膜瓣预构颈部皮瓣后,可使扩张量达到400~800 m L,平均修复面积为129 cm2,大小8 cm×9.5 cm~14 cm×14 cm。扩张过程中未出现缺血、坏死等并发症。本方法成功修复10例患者的面部缺损,术后随访6~12个月,皮瓣色泽、质地与面部皮肤接近。结论 采用颞浅筋膜瓣预构颈部扩张皮瓣,可有效增加扩张皮肤血液供应,从而获取较大面积的扩张皮肤进行面部修复。     

以旋股外侧动脉高位皮支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的报道应用以旋股外侧动脉横支高位皮支为血管蒂的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对7例术中发现旋股外侧动脉降支皮支细小或缺如时，改用以旋股外侧动脉横支发出的高位皮支为血管蒂游离移植股前外侧皮瓣修复前臂、手部、小腿及足部软组织缺损，切取皮瓣的范围为15cm×6cm～28cm×13cm，并带部分肌瓣、骼胫柬以及股外侧皮神经，骨折分别行内固定或外固定。结果本组7例术后股前外侧皮瓣全部成活，一期修复后外观、感觉、功能均达到优良，患肢功能恢复良好。结论以旋股外侧动脉横支高位皮支为血管蒂的股前外侧皮瓣是一种血供可靠、切取范围大、部位隐蔽、可带肌肉及股外侧皮神经的皮瓣；当旋股外侧动脉降支皮支细小或缺如时，以此高位皮支为血管蒂游离移植股前外侧皮瓣，是一种确实可靠的手术方法。     

血管移植技术在面颈部组织扩张术中的临床应用

目的将血管移植皮瓣预制技术应用于常规的面颈部组织扩张术中,从而提高扩张皮瓣转移的灵活性和利用率。方法手术分两期进行:Ⅰ期手术,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,掀起颞浅筋膜瓣,同时,在面颈部剥离,形成适当大小的组织腔隙,将颞浅筋膜瓣转移至组织腔隙内,适当固定,在筋膜瓣下放置皮肤扩张器;Ⅱ期手术,扩张完毕后,取出扩张器,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,将传统的面颈部扩张皮瓣,转化为可以带蒂转移的岛状皮瓣,用于颜面部组织缺损的修复。结果临床应用11例,分别用于面部黑痣、血管瘤和面部瘢痕切除后遗留创面的修复。颞浅筋膜岛状瓣血管蒂长6.5~10.0cm,筋膜瓣面积5.0cm×5.0cm~6.0cm×8.0cm,面颈部扩张岛状皮瓣的面积为6.0cm×8.0cm~7.0cm×17.0cm。术后皮瓣全部成活,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合者7例,另行植皮修复者4例。结论血管移植技术和常规皮肤软组织扩张技术相结合,可以将传统的扩张皮瓣转化为可以带蒂转移的岛状皮瓣,提高了扩张皮瓣转移时的灵活性和皮瓣的利用率。     

旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣重建肘部复合组织缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣,游离移植修复肘部肱动脉伴皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 2000年3月-2008年2月,对8例肘部肱动脉损伤伴皮肤软组织缺损的患者,急诊一期采用旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复,同时用横支血管桥接缺损的肱动脉(3～7cm),皮瓣切取面积为12cm×6cm～20cm×10 cm.结果 8例肢体及皮瓣均顺利存活,术后随访10～21个月,肘部皮瓣无明显臃肿及瘢痕挛缩现象,肘关节屈伸活动度平均为105°(95°～125°),8例患侧肢体前臂远端尺、桡动脉搏动强度与健侧相同,B超显示患侧肱动脉血流与健侧基本相同.结论 切取股前外侧皮瓣时,如发现旋股外侧动脉降支有变异,可切取以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣,重建肘部肱动脉损伤和软组织缺损.     

顺行旋股外侧动脉降支穿支皮瓣修复腹股沟皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨顺行旋股外侧动脉降支穿支皮瓣修复腹股沟皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法 2014年6月-2020年1月收治腹股沟区皮肤软组织缺损患者16例,创面面积：6 cm×13 cm～11 cm×25 cm,9例为单纯皮肤软组织缺损,6例合并有主干血管、神经损伤,1例合并有主干血管、神经损伤及骨折。皮瓣切取面积：6 cm×13 cm～12 cm×25 cm,以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的股前外侧皮瓣修复创面,骨折采取内固定或外固定,主干血管、神经损伤采用显微外科技术修复。供区直接闭合或植皮。结果 术后皮瓣顺利成活,伤口均一期愈合,16例均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月（平均12个月）;皮瓣质地柔软,弹性可,色泽与周围皮肤相似,外形满意。术后1年根据1954年英国医学研究会的感觉评价标准评定,皮瓣感觉恢复至S2～S3。结论 以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的顺行股前外侧皮瓣是修复腹股沟区皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

Face resurfacing using a cervicothoracic skin flap prefabricated by lateral thigh fascial flap and tissue expander

Background: Resurfacing of facial massive soft tissue defect is a formidable challenge because of the unique character of the region and the limitation of well‐matched donor site. In this report, we introduce a technique for using the prefabricated cervicothoracic skin flap for facial resurfacing, in an attempt to meet the principle of flap selection in face reconstructive surgery for matching the color and texture, large dimension, and thinner thickness (MLT) of the recipient. Materials: Eleven patients with massive facial scars underwent resurfacing procedures with prefabricated cervicothoracic flaps. The vasculature of the lateral thigh fascial flap, including the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessels and the surrounding muscle fascia, was used as the vascular carrier, and the pedicles of the fascial flap were anastomosed to either the superior thyroid or facial vessels in flap prefabrication. A tissue expander was placed beneath the fascial flap to enlarge the size and reduce the thickness of the flap. Results: The average size of the harvested fascia flap was 6.5 × 11.7 cm. After a mean interval of 21.5 weeks, the expanders were filled to a mean volume of 1,685 ml. The sizes of the prefabricated skin flaps ranged from 12 × 15 cm to 15 × 32 cm. The prefabricated skin flaps were then transferred to the recipient site as pedicled flaps for facial resurfacing. All facial soft tissue defects were successfully covered by the flaps. The donor sites were primarily closed and healed without complications. Although varied degrees of venous congestion were developed after flap transfers, the marginal necrosis only occurred in two cases. The results in follow‐up showed most resurfaced faces restored natural contour and regained emotional expression. Conclusion: MLT is the principle for flap selection in resurfacing of the massive facial soft tissue defect. Our experience in this series of patients demonstrated that the prefabricated cervicothoracic skin flap could be a reliable alternative tool for resurfacing of massive facial soft tissue defects. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.     

颞顶筋膜岛状瓣植入耳后乳突区预制扩张筋膜皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨一种较好的修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法。方法手术分两期进行。一期手术时,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,掀起颞顶浅筋膜岛状瓣,沿同侧发际线切开,在耳后乳突区皮下剥离,形成适当大小的囊腔,将颞顶筋膜瓣转移至囊腔内,适当固定,于筋膜瓣下放置皮肤扩张器;扩张完毕后,取出扩张器,以颞浅动静脉为蒂,掀起耳后乳突区预制岛状筋膜皮瓣,用于面部皮肤缺损的修复。结果自1999年以来,临床应用9例,其中面部黑痣2例,面部血管瘤2例,面部瘢痕5例。颞顶筋膜岛状皮瓣蒂长5.5~7cm,平均6.2cm,筋膜瓣面积4cm×3cm~7cm×7cm,平均5.7cm×4.9cm,预制筋膜皮瓣面积为5cm×5cm~8.0cm×7.5cm,平均6.4cm×6.1cm;术后皮瓣全部成活,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合者5例,另行皮片移植修复者4例。结论颞顶筋膜皮瓣血管蒂长,转移方便,血运丰富,耳后乳突区皮肤在质地、色泽、厚度等方面均与面部皮肤最为接近,是一种良好的修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的方法。     

岛状颞浅血管颈部预制扩张皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损

目的　探讨应用颞浅血管束颈部预制扩张皮瓣修复面部较大软组织缺损的原理及临床应用方法。　方法　 1998年～ 2 0 0 3年 ,对 6例面部瘢痕挛缩的患者 ,将颞浅血管植入颈部扩张皮瓣皮下 ,经 3个月组织扩张 ,形成以颞浅血管为蒂的颈部预制扩张皮瓣 ,移位修复同侧面部软组织缺损。预制扩张皮瓣最大范围为 12 cm× 8cm,蒂长 7～8cm。　结果　术后 6个预制扩张皮瓣 ,移位后有一过性充血潮红 ,均完全成活。修复面颊部及颏部软组织缺损后 ,随访3～ 6个月 ,效果良好。　结论　以颞浅血管颈部预制扩张皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损方法可靠。颞浅血管束与扩张皮瓣接触范围的大小与蒂部所携带皮瓣的面积呈正相关。     

游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨应用游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复前臂、手、足部创面的临床疗效.方法 先确定皮瓣穿支血管部位,以此为中心,设计皮瓣并切取,保留阔筋膜盘约4.0 cm × 3.0 cm～3.0 cm×2.5 cm:"沙丘样"削除阔筋膜、皮下脂肪,皮瓣四周可将皮下脂肪完全削去,仅保留真皮层.采用游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复前臂、手、足部创伤性软组织缺损15例.结果 全部病例术后无血管危象发生,有1例修复前臂创面皮瓣远端约2.0 cm×1.2 cm浅表坏死,经换药愈合.15例术后经3个月～2年随访,皮瓣外形、质地良好,两点辨别觉为8.0～10.0 mm.结论 游离修薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣外形、质地优良,受区感觉恢复良好,对供区创伤小,不需二期整形,是修复手、足部创面优良供区.     

上臂内侧扩张皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕

目的 总结上臂内侧扩张皮瓣用于治疗面颈部瘢痕挛缩的方法及临床疗效. 方法 2000年5月-2007年2月,收治20例面颈部瘢痕挛缩患者.男12例,女8例;年龄7～42岁.病程9个月～20年.瘢痕范围8 cm×6 cm～22 cm×18 cm.一期手术于上臂内侧深筋膜浅层植入扩张器.二期手术切除松解面颈部瘢痕,采用9 cm×7 cm～24 cm×18 cm上臂内侧扩张皮瓣瓦合3.5 cm×2.5cm～8.0 crn×6.0 cm瘢痕组织瓣带蒂移位修复瘢痕切除后创面.三期手术将扩张皮瓣断蒂,切除剩余瘢痕. 结果 患者术后供受区均Ⅰ期愈合,皮瓣及植皮均成活.供区瘢痕不明显,无继发畸形.16例获随访3～24个月,皮瓣质地、色泽与面颈部接近.面部器官移位复位满意,颏颈角形态流畅,颈部功能完全重建,无术后并发症发生. 结论 将扩张器植于上臂内侧皮肤深筋膜浅层形成上臂内侧扩张皮瓣,用于修复面颈部瘢痕挛缩,修复疗效满意,但治疗所需时间较长,且需强迫体位固定.     

The versatility of the free lateral arm flap in head and neck soft tissue reconstruction: clinical experience of 210 cases.

A study of the authors' experience with 210 free lateral arm flaps used to repair head and neck oncological defects over an 8-year period. Patients' ages ranged from 4 to 83 years (average: 49.7 years). One hundred and forty-one were male and 66 female. Three patients received two consecutive flaps each. They were used to reconstruct: the tongue, 53 cases; retromolar trigone, 42 cases; soft/hard palate, 34 cases; skin/facial contour, 19 cases; hypopharynx, 17 cases; buccal mucosa, 12 cases; lips, five cases. Flap cutaneous dimensions ranged from 4 x 2 cm to 17 x 8 cm. Flap was composed of: skin and fascia, 18 cases; sensate (neurovascular) skin, six cases; subcutaneous fat tissue, five cases; skin and vascularised nerve graft, three cases, skin and partial triceps muscle, three cases. Nerve coaptations were performed for all lip reconstructions. All flaps survived except for nine (success rate: 95.2%). Severe postoperative clinical complications preceded flap failure and death in two cases. All but six donor sites were closed primarily. Complications related to the donor site were: paresthesia of the forearm, 210 cases; dog ear, 16 cases; hypertropic scar, 14 cases; weakness, nine cases; haematoma, five cases; seroma, three cases; dehiscence, one case. Radial nerve injury was not observed in this series. The lateral arm flap can be considered safe and versatile for most soft tissue head and neck microsurgical reconstructions. The possibility of sensory recovery through neural anastomoses and low donor site morbidity enhances its efficiency.     

Prefabrication of large fasciocutaneous flaps using an isolated arterialised vein as implanted vascular pedicle.

Flap prefabrication represents a new trend in microsurgical tissue transfer. Based on the concept of neovascularisation, in Chinchilla Bastard rabbits (n=40), an isolated venous pedicle dissected from the femoral and saphena magna vein was arterialised by end-to-end anastomosis to the femoral artery at the inguinal ligament. This arterialised venous loop was implanted beneath a random-pattern vascularised abdominal fasciocutaneous flap as large as 8 x 15 cm(2) to investigate the development of neovascularisation at various evaluating times of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days. To prevent neoangiogenesis from occurring between the underlying vascular bed and abdominal flap, a silicone sheet with the corresponding dimension of 8 cm x 15 cm x 0.25 mm was placed and fixed on the abdominal wall. The flap viability and the neovascularisation process in the prefabricated abdominal skin flaps were evaluated by macroscopic observation, blood analysis, selective microangiography and histology. The experimental results showed that newly formed vessels originating from the implanted isolated venous pedicle were evident on the angiograms 4 days after pedicle implantation. In the 8- and 12-day groups, newly formed vessels became larger and some were connected to the originally available vasculature in the abdominal fasciocutaneous flaps. In the 20-day group, entire flaps were perfused by the blood flow supplied from the newly implanted venous pedicles through newly formed vessels and their vascular connections. This study indicated that large flap prefabrication can be created by implantation of an isolated arterialised venous pedicle into a random-pattern vascularised fasciocutaneous flap. Twenty days appears to be the minimal length of time required after arterialised venous pedicle implantation for the maturation of neovascularisation in the prefabricated flap.     

Prefabrication of skin flaps using vein grafts: an experimental study in rabbits.

Prefabrication provides a new method for creating donor sites which are not limited by natural vascular territories. There are several methods for prefabrication, and these include implantation of greater omentum, blood vessels or muscle flaps. Based on the concept that an arterio-venous (A-V) shunt results in sufficient neovascularisation to support a free flap, we used a rabbit model to investigate the characteristics of these flaps. Prefabrication of an abdominal wall donor site was performed using the left epigastric vein in 20 male New Zealand white rabbits. An 8 x 10 cm skin flap was elevated 10 days after prefabrication, either as an island or a free flap. Survival of the skin flaps exceeded 93% and was independent of position of the vascular pedicle, direction of blood flow, or nature of the flap (island or free flap). Angiograms showed a very rich neovascularisation within the prefabricated flap.     

Reconstruction of the face and neck scar contractures using staged transfer of expanded "Super-thin flaps"

BACKGROUND: The authors introduced the "Super-thin flap" concept, which is sometimes called the subdermal vascular network (SVN) flap, in 1994. Since 1994, we have reconstructed face and neck scar contractures using various types of "Super-thin flaps." In this report, we introduce expanded "Super-thin flaps" for reconstruction of the face and neck for the first time in a patient. METHODS: Since 2000 we have used 21 expanded flaps to reconstruct 21 face or neck scar cases in nine males and 12 females. In the first operation, an expander was inserted on the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle, and then about 1,000 cc of saline was injected during a 2-month period. In the second operation, the flap was thinned primarily and applied to the recipient site. Three weeks after the second operation, the pedicle of the flap was cut down and sutured. RESULTS: Flap size ranged from 4 cm x 14 cm to 10 cm x 22 cm. Expanded volume ranged from 800 cc to 1,200 cc. All flaps survived completely and scar tissues were replaced with normal skin. Flaps did not shrink after the operations, and contractures did not recur. CONCLUSION: Advantages of the expanded flaps are presented: (1) Large flaps can be harvested because of the expander; (2) Extremely thin flaps can be safely employed; (3) Texture and color match are good; (4) Donor site can be closed primarily; and (5) Microsurgery is not required. However, the disadvantage of the method is the requirement for two or three operations.