单发型内生软骨瘤影像学表现分析

目的探讨内生软骨瘤的临床与影像学特征。方法对资料完整并经手术病理证实的单发型内生软骨瘤11例的临床与X线平片、CT、MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果11例中,掌骨3例,指骨4例,肱骨干1例,股骨干骺端2例,胫骨干骺端1例。掌指骨病灶X线平片表现为囊样、类圆形透光区,瘤内钙化,呈膨胀性生长,骨皮质变薄;四肢长骨病灶在CT表现瘤内软组织密度影,内见斑片状钙化;MRI在T1WI为低信号,T2WI为高信号为主的混杂信号,1例股骨病灶T2WI周围见低信号带。结论影像学检查对本病大多数可做出定性诊断与鉴别诊断。     

韧带样型纤维瘤病的X线平片、CT、MR表现及病理对照分析

目的 探讨韧带样型纤维瘤病(desmoid-type fibromatoses,DF)的影像学表现及其影像学诊断价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实的DF患者16例,男7例,女9例.12例行CT检查(增强9例),4例行MRI检查(增强1例,4例均同时行X线平片检查).回顾分析韧带样纤维瘤病的CT和MRI表现,并与组织病理学进行对照分析.结果 16例患者共检出16个病灶,其中腹部外型11例,腹壁型3例,腹内型2例.CT平扫均表现为均匀略低软组织密度,边界不清;X线平片、CT骨骼病变显示呈膨胀性、溶骨性改变,病灶内有小梁形成,呈肥皂泡样,压迫性骨吸收破坏,常见不规则骨嵴,大多可见无钙化、骨化的软组织肿块.与肌肉信号相比,MRI T1 WI上呈等、稍低混杂信号;T2 WI呈高、低混杂信号,增强扫描呈中等以上不均匀强化;所有病灶内均可见条索状、片状T1WI及T2 WI上均呈低信号改变的区域,CT、MR无强化.结论 DF是一种具有侵袭性的良性肿瘤,X线平片可以观察骨质病变的整体形态,CT检查可以帮助了解骨质的破坏特点;T1 WI均呈低信号,T2 WI呈高、低混合信号,大部呈不均轻度强化,局部呈渐进性延迟强;T1WI、T2 WI示病变中斑点状及条带状低信号,MRI、CT增强扫描不强化是DT的特征性表现.因此,综合多种影像学检查方法对多数韧带性纤维瘤病能够作出正确的诊断.     

乳头状肾癌的CT和MRI诊断

目的：探讨乳头状肾癌的CT和MRI表现,提高其诊断符合率。方法：回顾性分析13例经手术和病理证实的乳头状肾癌的CT和MRI影像资料。结果：CT检查7例,平扫呈软组织密度,增强后轻度强化。MRI检查8例,信号明显不均,以正常肾皮质信号为基准,6例表现为T1WI等或低信号,T2WI低信号改变。2例呈T1WI、T2WI混杂高信号改变,其镜下表现为广泛出血坏死灶。结论：乳头状肾癌属少血供病变,CT强化表现配合MRI T2WI混杂低信号改变有助于乳头状肾癌的临床诊断。     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的23例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料,X线平片检查15例,螺旋CT检查9例,MRI检查6例。4例同时行X线平片和CT检查,3例同时行X线平片和MRI检查。结果:X线、CT表现为骨内邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清楚,有薄层硬化边,3例CT及其三维重建显示病灶与关节腔相通。MRI在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制T2表现为高信号,MRI显示病灶与关节腔相通2例。结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿影像学表现有一定特征,CT及其三维重建对病灶细节显示清晰,可作为首选检查方法。     

软骨母细胞瘤MRI及X线平片和CT的表现特征

目的 研究软骨母细胞瘤的影像表现,探讨其MRI与X线平片、CT征象的对应关系.方法 分析16例经手术、病理证实的良性软骨母细胞瘤的影像资料,总结其MRI表现与X线平片、CT征象的对应关系.结果 16例软骨母细胞瘤均位于骨骺,大小为0.9 cm×0.8 cm×1.0 cm～4.8 cm×4.3 cm×5.1 cm,呈不同程度的分叶状.在T1WI上以等、低信号为主,T2WI上呈混杂信号,CT上为软组织密度,内见钙化和更低密度区.边缘呈长T1、短T2信号,在CT上表现为硬化边.MRI可见病灶周围有骨髓水肿,在X线和CT上表现为骨质硬化区.病灶邻近软组织肿胀.MRI显示骨膜异常9例,8例与病灶不相邻;X线和(或)CT显示骨膜新生骨6例.MRI显示关节积液12例,CT显示6例.MRI上病灶均呈不均匀强化,骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀均见强化.软骨母细胞瘤在扩散加权成像(DWI)上呈等、高信号,在MR平扫中的等T1、等T2成分和长T1、长T2成分,以及骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀在DWI上均呈高信号.结论 MRI和X线平片、CT从不同方面反映软骨母细胞瘤的病理改变,联合应用不同检查手段可更全面显示软骨母细胞瘤的特点.     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学分析

目的 分析腱鞘巨细胞瘤(giant cell tumor of tendon sheath,GCTTS)的影像学表现以增加对该病的影像学认识,提高影像诊断的准确率.方法 收集2009年9月～2012年11月14例经手术病理组织证实的GCTTS患者X线、CT、MRI影像进行回顾性分析.其中14例行X线平片检查,6例行CT平扫检查,8例行MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果 X线平片显示局部稍高密度软组织肿块影,邻近骨质未见明显异常或轻度侵蚀破坏;CT表现为关节周围肌间隙内局限性软组织肿块,部分呈分叶状,明显跨关节生长,无明显钙化征象及骨膜反应;MRI表现为病灶在T1WI多呈较低信号,内可见条片状更低信号影,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,增强后强化明显,病灶与邻近肌腱关系密切,局部骨皮质可受侵.结论 腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学表现具有一定的特征性.     

钙化上皮瘤的影像表现及病理基础

【摘要】目的：分析钙化上皮瘤的CT及MRI表现,并探讨其病理基础。方法：回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的钙化上皮瘤患者影像学资料并复习相关文献,其中8例行CT平扫及增强扫描,6例行MR平扫及增强检查,2例仅行CT平扫,1例先行X线片,后行MR平扫加增强检查。结果：10例CT共13个病灶。8个病灶见钙化,其中5个病灶完全钙化。2个病灶见坏死。10个病灶边界清清楚,3个瘤周见絮状稍高密度影。8例CT增强扫描共11个病灶,其中3个轻度强化,5个不均匀中度强化,3个病灶完全钙化无强化。6例MR均为单发,2例T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈外周高中央低信号,DWI呈环状高信号,增强呈“环靶征”。2例T1WI呈等或稍高信号,T2WI呈高信号,内见微囊状更高信号,灶周可见斑片状高信号,增强不均匀强化。2例T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI均呈稍高信号,增强不均匀强化。1例X线片呈高密度,T1WI呈低信号,T1WI压脂呈不均匀稍高信号,T2WI压脂呈高低混杂信号,增强扫描不均匀强化,以中央强化较为明显。结论：钙化上皮瘤的影像表现有一定特征,当病灶位于皮下,边界清楚,CT见广泛泥沙样或致密的局灶性钙化,MR上见微囊状改变,增强扫描轻至中度强化,尤其呈“环靶征”表现时,应考虑到PM的诊断。     

骶骨骨巨细胞瘤X线、CT及MRI表现

目的分析骶骨骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的X线、CT和MRI表现特点,探讨三种影像检查方法的临床应用价值。资料与方法 21例骶骨GCT均经手术病理证实,所有病例均行X线、CT和MRI检查,分析骶骨GCT的X线平片、CT、MRI表现特点,将影像学表现与手术病理结果进行对照,并经双盲法分析确认。结果 21例中,X线和CT显示囊性膨胀性骨质破坏18例,溶骨性骨质破坏15例,骨包壳不完整14例,MRI显示骨质破坏10例。X线显示侵犯骶髂关节及髂骨5例,CT显示16例,MRI显示11例。CT平扫显示软组织肿块12例,CT增强显示16例,MRI显示16例,其中巨大囊实性软组织肿块12例,10例可见液平面,病灶周围可见软组织水肿及骨髓水肿。骨质破坏在MR SE T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI呈等信号。骨包壳在MRI上表现为低信号,X线和CT上表现为硬化环。软组织肿块实性部分在T1WI为等信号,T2WI及短时反转恢复(STIR)呈等高信号。囊性部分在T1WI为低信号,T2WI及STIR呈等高信号。软组织水肿及骨髓水肿在T2WI及STIR呈高信号。CT和MRI增强软组织肿块实性部分明显强化,囊性部分不强化。结论 X线、CT和MRI从不...     

股骨颈疝窝的影像学表现及诊断误区

目的研究股骨颈疝窝X线、CT及MRI影像表现与诊断误区。方法 5例由临床或手术证实为股骨颈疝窝患者均经CT扫描,3例又经X线平片检查,4例又经MRI检查。对所有患者的影像资料进行了回顾性分析。结果 5例股骨颈疝患者中,CT误诊为骨腱鞘囊肿2例,X线平片误诊为缺血性骨坏死和骨样骨瘤各1例,MRI与CT、X线平片共同正确诊断股骨颈疝窝1例。5例疝窝均位于股骨颈前外侧1/4处,疝窝大小为0.6cm×0.8cm～1.4cm×2.0cm。X线平片示股骨颈区囊状低密度区,边缘清楚且围以硬化边。CT示股骨颈皮质下低密度区,有硬化边缘,其中2例伴发骨皮质细微断裂。4例经MRI检查的患者,其病变在T1WI呈低信号,在T2WI呈高信号,在脂肪抑制T2WI呈更高信号,其中2例病灶边缘围以低信号带。T2WI显示髋关节少量渗液2例。结论股骨颈疝窝具有特征性CT、MRI表现,X线平片、CT、MRI相互结合有助于股骨颈疝窝的确诊。     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的分析和总结腱鞘巨细胞瘤(GCTTS)的影像学表现。方法分析20例GCTTS患者X线、CT、MRI影像及病理资料,所有患者经病理或手术证实。10例行X线检查,9例行CT平扫检查,4例同时行增强检查,2例同时行关节CT造影检查,19例行MRI平扫。结果7例X线平片骨质破坏,2例仅见关节周围软组织肿胀,骨质见硬化边,关节间隙正常,均未见钙化及骨膜反应。CT平扫关节周围等密度肿块,密度不均匀,边缘不清楚;8例见明显骨质破坏;1例骨质可见硬化边,均未见钙化及骨膜反应。关节CT造影及增强扫描肿块呈中度至明显的不均匀强化。T1WI 14例与骨骼肌信号对比呈等信号,内见斑点状低信号,5例呈稍低信号;T2WI与骨骼肌信号对比13例呈混杂信号,内见线条状低信号,6例呈高信号。结论GCTTS的影像表现有一定的特点,X线、CT显示邻近骨质压迫吸收、侵蚀性改变,MRI能够反映GCTTS内部的双低信号特征。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.