共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
171 male and 171 female alcoholic inpatients living in Stockholm were examined and found to fulfill the alcoholism criteria of DSM-III-R. They comprised 171 matched pairs of men and women consecutively admitted to the Karolinska Alcohol Clinic and staying at least one week for treatment. The examination included a general medical examination, a psychiatric and social history, blood tests, ECG, computed tomography of the brain and neuropsychological testing. The subjects' and their families' possibilities of creating a good upbringing environment and their own childhood were studied. The alcoholics and their offspring were followed from the registers of the child welfare committees, temperance boards, social service departments, the Social Insurance Office and the Medical Information System of the Medical Services Board of Stockholm County Council.
The children of the female alcoholics had, during their childhood, more often had contact with an educational welfare officer, a psychologist or a physician for various problems and also had a significantly higher rate of registration in the children's welfare committee registers than children of male alcoholics. The male alcoholics more often came from broken homes. 29% of the female and 32% of the male alcoholics had been fostered by their biological mother alone or by grandparents until 16 years of age. 51% of the woman and 39% of the men had an alcohol-abusing mother and father during childhood. No fewer than 35% of the women and 58% of the men had a history of one or more of the following during childhood: nail-biting, headache, nightmares, gastritis, anxiety, obsession, somnambulism, stammering and being bullied. Signs of early social maladjustment are repeated truancy, running away from home, shop-lifting and thinner-sniffing during adolescence. Signs of social maladjustment and having been under the care of a child welfare committee were recorded in 32% and 24% respectively of the male alcoholics and 20% and 12% of the females. Those in-patients who showed signs of early social maladjustment had more often also had nervous problems during childhood.
It is concluded that female and male alcoholics resemble each other and that they both have a disturbed childhood and that female alcoholics more often have an alcohol and drug-abusing parent, nervous problems in the parents, attempted suicide by a parent and serious schisms in the family than male alcoholics. 相似文献
The children of the female alcoholics had, during their childhood, more often had contact with an educational welfare officer, a psychologist or a physician for various problems and also had a significantly higher rate of registration in the children's welfare committee registers than children of male alcoholics. The male alcoholics more often came from broken homes. 29% of the female and 32% of the male alcoholics had been fostered by their biological mother alone or by grandparents until 16 years of age. 51% of the woman and 39% of the men had an alcohol-abusing mother and father during childhood. No fewer than 35% of the women and 58% of the men had a history of one or more of the following during childhood: nail-biting, headache, nightmares, gastritis, anxiety, obsession, somnambulism, stammering and being bullied. Signs of early social maladjustment are repeated truancy, running away from home, shop-lifting and thinner-sniffing during adolescence. Signs of social maladjustment and having been under the care of a child welfare committee were recorded in 32% and 24% respectively of the male alcoholics and 20% and 12% of the females. Those in-patients who showed signs of early social maladjustment had more often also had nervous problems during childhood.
It is concluded that female and male alcoholics resemble each other and that they both have a disturbed childhood and that female alcoholics more often have an alcohol and drug-abusing parent, nervous problems in the parents, attempted suicide by a parent and serious schisms in the family than male alcoholics. 相似文献
2.
171 female alcoholic inpatients living in Stockholm were examined and found to fulfil the alcoholism criteria of DSM-III-R. They comprised 171 women consecutively admitted to the Karolinska Alcohol Clinic and staying at least one week for treatment. The examination included a general medical examination, a psychiatric and social history, blood tests and ECG. The subjects' and their families' possibilities of creating a good upbringing environment for their children and their own childhood were studied.
The alcoholics and their offspring were followed from the registers of the child welfare committees, temperance boards, social service departments, the Social Insurance Office and the Medical Information System of the Medical Services Board of Stockholm County Council.
The children of the female alcoholics had, during their childhood, often had contact with an educational welfare officer, a psychologist or a physician for various problems and were also registered in the children's welfare committee registers. 29% of the female alcoholics themselves had been fostered by their biological mother alone or by grandparents until 16 years of age. 51% of the women had an alcohol-abusing mother and father during childhood. Signs of social maladjustment and having been under the care of a child welfare committee were recorded in 20% and 12% of the women.
Among the children, we found that the boys were more vulnerable during their adolescence than the girls and that there were also major similarities in the social situation for these children of alcoholic women. The indications were that there is also a vulnerable group among girls who develop high consumption of alcohol and simultaneous drug abuse during their teens. Forty five per cent of the girls and 60% of the boys among the female alcoholics' children had school problems and were also in contact with an educational welfare officer, psychologist or physician for various problems. Scrutiny of the Children's Welfare Committee Register showed 60% of the sons and 40% of the daughters were registered. Forty five per cent of the boys and 30% of the girls were registered by the Temperance Board. Forty per cent of the boys and 25% of the girls were registered in the Criminal Offenders Register. Forty five per cent of the boys and 30% of the girls had had hospital treatment on at least one occasion for underlying physical illness or injury. The most common reason for establishing contact with children's psychiatric outpatient clinics or counselling clinics was recommendation and investigation necessitated by supportive measures and school adjustment problems.
It is concluded that female alcoholics resemble male alcoholics and that these females have a disturbed childhood and often have an alcohol and drug-abusing parent, nervous problems in the parents, attempted suicide by a parent and serious schisms in the family and that especially the boys from these female alcoholics' families are extremely vulnerable and they have a more traumatic childhood than the girls, but both of them fare ill. 相似文献
The alcoholics and their offspring were followed from the registers of the child welfare committees, temperance boards, social service departments, the Social Insurance Office and the Medical Information System of the Medical Services Board of Stockholm County Council.
The children of the female alcoholics had, during their childhood, often had contact with an educational welfare officer, a psychologist or a physician for various problems and were also registered in the children's welfare committee registers. 29% of the female alcoholics themselves had been fostered by their biological mother alone or by grandparents until 16 years of age. 51% of the women had an alcohol-abusing mother and father during childhood. Signs of social maladjustment and having been under the care of a child welfare committee were recorded in 20% and 12% of the women.
Among the children, we found that the boys were more vulnerable during their adolescence than the girls and that there were also major similarities in the social situation for these children of alcoholic women. The indications were that there is also a vulnerable group among girls who develop high consumption of alcohol and simultaneous drug abuse during their teens. Forty five per cent of the girls and 60% of the boys among the female alcoholics' children had school problems and were also in contact with an educational welfare officer, psychologist or physician for various problems. Scrutiny of the Children's Welfare Committee Register showed 60% of the sons and 40% of the daughters were registered. Forty five per cent of the boys and 30% of the girls were registered by the Temperance Board. Forty per cent of the boys and 25% of the girls were registered in the Criminal Offenders Register. Forty five per cent of the boys and 30% of the girls had had hospital treatment on at least one occasion for underlying physical illness or injury. The most common reason for establishing contact with children's psychiatric outpatient clinics or counselling clinics was recommendation and investigation necessitated by supportive measures and school adjustment problems.
It is concluded that female alcoholics resemble male alcoholics and that these females have a disturbed childhood and often have an alcohol and drug-abusing parent, nervous problems in the parents, attempted suicide by a parent and serious schisms in the family and that especially the boys from these female alcoholics' families are extremely vulnerable and they have a more traumatic childhood than the girls, but both of them fare ill. 相似文献
3.
Matched pairs of 40 women from the general population and 40 female alcoholic inpatients living in Stockholm were examined and found to fulfil the alcoholism criteria of DSM-III-R. They comprised 40 inpatient women consecutively admitted to an Alcohol Clinic and staying at least one week for treatment. The examination included a general medical examination, a psychiatric and social history, blood tests, ECG, computed tomography of the brain and neuropsychological testing.
The aim of the study was to determine if children of alcoholic mothers were more psychologically damaged compared with children of mothers from the general population. The subjects' and their families' possibilities of creating a good upbringing environment and their own childhood were studied.
The female alcoholics and the women from the general population and their offspring were followed from the registers of the child welfare committees, temperance boards, social service departments, the Social Insurance Office and the Medical Information System of the Medical Services Board of Stockholm County Council. The children of the female alcoholics had, during their childhood, more often had contact with an educational welfare officer, a psychologist or a physician for various problems and also had a significantly higher rate of registration in the childrens welfare committee registers than children of women from the general population.
Fourteen per cent of the boys and 6% of the girls in the group from the general population and 35% of the sons and 20% of the daughters of the female alcoholics were registered by the Temperance Board. Eighteen per cent of the boys and 0% of the girls from the general population and 40% of the sons and 25% of the daughters of the female alcoholics were registered in the Criminal Offenders Register. No girl in the group from the general population was registered in the Criminal Offenders Register. Of the girls with an alcoholic home background, 25% were registered and all these had been sentenced to fines. Eight per cent of the children from the general population and 40% of the sons and 25% of the daughters of the female alcoholic inpatients had had hospital treatment on at least one occasion for underlying physical illness or injury. Eight per cent of the children in the general population and 40% of the sons and 25% of the daughters of alcoholic women were registered at children's psychiatric wards and outpatient clinics and counselling clinics. None of the children of the women of the general population, but 30% of the sons and 20% of the daughters of the female alcoholics abused alcohol or drugs. It was concluded that children of female alcoholics have a more psychologically disturbed childhood than children of women from the general population. 相似文献
The aim of the study was to determine if children of alcoholic mothers were more psychologically damaged compared with children of mothers from the general population. The subjects' and their families' possibilities of creating a good upbringing environment and their own childhood were studied.
The female alcoholics and the women from the general population and their offspring were followed from the registers of the child welfare committees, temperance boards, social service departments, the Social Insurance Office and the Medical Information System of the Medical Services Board of Stockholm County Council. The children of the female alcoholics had, during their childhood, more often had contact with an educational welfare officer, a psychologist or a physician for various problems and also had a significantly higher rate of registration in the childrens welfare committee registers than children of women from the general population.
Fourteen per cent of the boys and 6% of the girls in the group from the general population and 35% of the sons and 20% of the daughters of the female alcoholics were registered by the Temperance Board. Eighteen per cent of the boys and 0% of the girls from the general population and 40% of the sons and 25% of the daughters of the female alcoholics were registered in the Criminal Offenders Register. No girl in the group from the general population was registered in the Criminal Offenders Register. Of the girls with an alcoholic home background, 25% were registered and all these had been sentenced to fines. Eight per cent of the children from the general population and 40% of the sons and 25% of the daughters of the female alcoholic inpatients had had hospital treatment on at least one occasion for underlying physical illness or injury. Eight per cent of the children in the general population and 40% of the sons and 25% of the daughters of alcoholic women were registered at children's psychiatric wards and outpatient clinics and counselling clinics. None of the children of the women of the general population, but 30% of the sons and 20% of the daughters of the female alcoholics abused alcohol or drugs. It was concluded that children of female alcoholics have a more psychologically disturbed childhood than children of women from the general population. 相似文献
4.
J. H. Barlow C. C. Wright K. L. Shaw Raashid Luqmani I. J. Wyness 《Early child development and care》2002,172(1):89-98
The purpose of the present study was to examine the level of maternal stressors associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and to explore the relationship between maternal wellbeing and children's wellbeing in the context of JIA.
The sample (n=60) comprised 30 children with JIA and their mothers. Children and mothers completed self-administered questionnaires independently in outpatient clinics.
Mothers had a mean age of 37.73 (SD=5.50), 73% were married, all were White/European. Child participants (20 female and 10 male) had a mean age of 11.46 (SD=2.93), 61% had oligoarticular idiopathic arthritis, 26% had polyarticular juvenile arthritis and 13% systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Compared to normative data, mothers were at risk of anxious and depressed mood, respectively. The highest rated stressors concerned the side effects of medication, the child's future and becoming over-protective of the child. There was a robust association between maternal wellbeing and children's physical functioning that was partially mediated by maternal self-efficacy. In contrast, maternal wellbeing appeared to be independent of children's ratings of pain, anxiety, depression and self-esteem.
Maternal stress regarding JIA warrants further investigation, particularly in terms of mother's concern about children's physical functioning, the side effects of medication, visibility of the child's condition, and becoming over-protective. 相似文献
The sample (n=60) comprised 30 children with JIA and their mothers. Children and mothers completed self-administered questionnaires independently in outpatient clinics.
Mothers had a mean age of 37.73 (SD=5.50), 73% were married, all were White/European. Child participants (20 female and 10 male) had a mean age of 11.46 (SD=2.93), 61% had oligoarticular idiopathic arthritis, 26% had polyarticular juvenile arthritis and 13% systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Compared to normative data, mothers were at risk of anxious and depressed mood, respectively. The highest rated stressors concerned the side effects of medication, the child's future and becoming over-protective of the child. There was a robust association between maternal wellbeing and children's physical functioning that was partially mediated by maternal self-efficacy. In contrast, maternal wellbeing appeared to be independent of children's ratings of pain, anxiety, depression and self-esteem.
Maternal stress regarding JIA warrants further investigation, particularly in terms of mother's concern about children's physical functioning, the side effects of medication, visibility of the child's condition, and becoming over-protective. 相似文献
5.
Margaret Clyde 《Early child development and care》1989,52(1):93-99
Australia has, on the whole, been slow to react to many of the more innovative or welfare-oriented programs for young children and their families in the past two or three decades. We can speculate about this in terms of geographic isolation, natural caution or a population which is not appropriately tuned to the needs of parents with young children. Whatever the reason, Australia appears to be slow to respond to changes in attitude. One of the major potential areas for change in attitude is the employment of males in early childhood settings.
The history of the United States, which thirty years ago appeared to totally reject the notion of men working with young children, now records a substantial move towards encouraging males and females to assume androgynous roles in children's services.
It is interesting to note that this contemporary view has flourished in spite of the lack of empirical evidence to support previous notions relating to the role of male teachers and caregivers in terms of providing male models for fatherless children, offering more appropriate teaching strategies to young boys and providing examples of more tolerant caregivers for exhuberant boys.
While evidence suggests that prejudice still exists in U.S.A. about male teachers in early childhood settings, the androgynous philosophy appears to point the way in which early childhood services in Australia must go in order to provide a more balanced program for all young children. 相似文献
The history of the United States, which thirty years ago appeared to totally reject the notion of men working with young children, now records a substantial move towards encouraging males and females to assume androgynous roles in children's services.
It is interesting to note that this contemporary view has flourished in spite of the lack of empirical evidence to support previous notions relating to the role of male teachers and caregivers in terms of providing male models for fatherless children, offering more appropriate teaching strategies to young boys and providing examples of more tolerant caregivers for exhuberant boys.
While evidence suggests that prejudice still exists in U.S.A. about male teachers in early childhood settings, the androgynous philosophy appears to point the way in which early childhood services in Australia must go in order to provide a more balanced program for all young children. 相似文献
6.
Sandra Corrigan 《Child Care in Practice》1999,5(1):11-22
This document seeks to explore children's experiences of domestic violence and the effects such violence may have on their lives, both in the short term and in the long term. It draws on the conclusions of various studies in this area which have been carried out in America and the United Kingdom. It aims to raise awareness of the complexity of this issue and to highlight the importance of support for both women and children who may be survivors of domestic violence. The document highlights a number of issues, namely
How children and young people may experience domestic violence;
Identification of links between domestic violence and child abuse;
The impact domestic violence may have on mothering;
The effects domestic violence may have on children and young people's lives;
The legitimacy of the cycle of violence theory;
Issues to be considered when assessing the possible impact of domestic violence on children and young people. 相似文献
How children and young people may experience domestic violence;
Identification of links between domestic violence and child abuse;
The impact domestic violence may have on mothering;
The effects domestic violence may have on children and young people's lives;
The legitimacy of the cycle of violence theory;
Issues to be considered when assessing the possible impact of domestic violence on children and young people. 相似文献
7.
Young children's diets are determined to a large degree by their mothers' nutritional knowledge and food attitudes. The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of mothers' nutritional knowledge and food attitudes on their children's nutritional knowledge and food behavior.
The subjects were 159 children. They ranged in ages from 7 to 9 years old. Their mothers also participated in the study.
Bivariate relationships between pairs of variables were tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation. The major findings were:
(1) Children's nutritional knowledge was related to their mothers' nutritional knowledge and attitudes of sociability.
(2) Mothers' nutritional knowledge was related to their attitudes of sociability and frugality. Nutritional knowledge was negatively correlated with mother's attitudes toward health and social status.
(3) Children's food behavior was related to their nutritional knowledge and their mothers' nutritional knowledge. 相似文献
The subjects were 159 children. They ranged in ages from 7 to 9 years old. Their mothers also participated in the study.
Bivariate relationships between pairs of variables were tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation. The major findings were:
(1) Children's nutritional knowledge was related to their mothers' nutritional knowledge and attitudes of sociability.
(2) Mothers' nutritional knowledge was related to their attitudes of sociability and frugality. Nutritional knowledge was negatively correlated with mother's attitudes toward health and social status.
(3) Children's food behavior was related to their nutritional knowledge and their mothers' nutritional knowledge. 相似文献
8.
Lillian Gottfarb 《Early child development and care》1971,1(1):131-137
The health control of four-year-old Swedish children will include an examination of possible psychologtcal abnormalities and defects. The methods which have been worked out for this purpose by a committee of the Social Council include two main components. A nurse will carry out an interview with the child's caretaker and then evaluate the child's behavior. In addition, a physician will make an attempt to evaluate the child's development. The “risk children” will then be selected for further psychological investigation.
An attempt has been made to test the efficiency of the screening methods mentioned. The evaluations by the child care centers have been compared to more comprehensive clinical-psychological investigations and the results show good agreement between the two teams.
The Investigation has been carried out at PBU, Stockholm (Chief physician Hans Curman, psychologist Lillian Gottfarb). 相似文献
An attempt has been made to test the efficiency of the screening methods mentioned. The evaluations by the child care centers have been compared to more comprehensive clinical-psychological investigations and the results show good agreement between the two teams.
The Investigation has been carried out at PBU, Stockholm (Chief physician Hans Curman, psychologist Lillian Gottfarb). 相似文献
9.
Katherine S. Kenny 《Early child development and care》1987,28(1):59-77
The presentation aims to examine the criteria of quality for care and education programmes for young disabled children in integrated early childhood settings. The conceptual and practical issues which influence quality programmes will be discussed with particular reference to the Integration Programmes operated throughout South Australia in early childhood centres.
The Integration Programmes, developed to enable and support the integrated or normalised development of young children has as its specific 'target' group individual children who are 'too delayed or disabled' to be able to fully participate or participate without direct assistance in community based early childhood programmes. Some of these children are extremely disabled and others' handicapping conditions are exacerbated by severe lack of other available community resources, isolation and other factors.
Integration is more than 'being there'—it is a complex process based upon the recognition of human value and human rights. For greater insight into the Integration Programmes an appraisal of the following aspects will be provided.
• the principles of integration
• the goals of integration
• the dimensions of integration.
The dimensions of integration will be placed in relation to the indicators of quality in early childhood programmes. The juxtaposing of these parameters of quality will lead to the emergence of guidelines for practical goalsetting and evaluation hallmarks of excellence in integration. 相似文献
The Integration Programmes, developed to enable and support the integrated or normalised development of young children has as its specific 'target' group individual children who are 'too delayed or disabled' to be able to fully participate or participate without direct assistance in community based early childhood programmes. Some of these children are extremely disabled and others' handicapping conditions are exacerbated by severe lack of other available community resources, isolation and other factors.
Integration is more than 'being there'—it is a complex process based upon the recognition of human value and human rights. For greater insight into the Integration Programmes an appraisal of the following aspects will be provided.
• the principles of integration
• the goals of integration
• the dimensions of integration.
The dimensions of integration will be placed in relation to the indicators of quality in early childhood programmes. The juxtaposing of these parameters of quality will lead to the emergence of guidelines for practical goalsetting and evaluation hallmarks of excellence in integration. 相似文献
10.
Greg Kelly 《Child Care in Practice》1998,4(3):195-206
Presented at the Adoption Forum Conference, Slieve Donard Hotel, Newcastle, 10-11 February 1998
The aim of the care system and our children's legislation is simply stated: to promote our children's welfare and to work for the child's best interests. The problem arises in deciding how best to promote the welfare of children whose well-being has either been severely compromised or threatened by the inability or failure of their parents to care for them. In an important sense the 'best' is often not attainable for these children: the 'best' being a secure family life with at least one natural parent or within their extended family. It is these children who are the subject of today's seminar. Children whose parents or extended family, on the basis of rigorous assessment, show no real prospect, even with reasonable support, of providing their children with an acceptable standard of care. There are enormous questions in all these areas. 相似文献
The aim of the care system and our children's legislation is simply stated: to promote our children's welfare and to work for the child's best interests. The problem arises in deciding how best to promote the welfare of children whose well-being has either been severely compromised or threatened by the inability or failure of their parents to care for them. In an important sense the 'best' is often not attainable for these children: the 'best' being a secure family life with at least one natural parent or within their extended family. It is these children who are the subject of today's seminar. Children whose parents or extended family, on the basis of rigorous assessment, show no real prospect, even with reasonable support, of providing their children with an acceptable standard of care. There are enormous questions in all these areas. 相似文献
11.
Grace E. Ogbimi 《Early child development and care》1992,80(1):53-61
To examine the impact of mothers' perception of the roles of pre-primary institutions and what motivates them to choose a particular child care service, 138 working mothers and 20 proprietors of nursery schools and day care centers were interviewed. The facilities available to children in the centers studied was also assessed.
The results suggested that these mothers' expected these institutions to play custodial functions as well as to provide early childhood education. This knowledge could guide proprietors and other interested organizations in the provision of appropriate child care programmes to meet the needs of mothers and their children.
The demand for nursery/day care services in Nigeria has become very high due to the increasing number of women in the workforce. 相似文献
The results suggested that these mothers' expected these institutions to play custodial functions as well as to provide early childhood education. This knowledge could guide proprietors and other interested organizations in the provision of appropriate child care programmes to meet the needs of mothers and their children.
The demand for nursery/day care services in Nigeria has become very high due to the increasing number of women in the workforce. 相似文献
12.
Grace O. Abidoye 《Early child development and care》1997,137(1):93-101
The Convention on the Rights of the child put in place some set of standards to ensure that in all consenting countries every child is wanted, healthy, educated, safe and loved. Nigeria is one of the countries that has taken some steps to put into practice the accepted rights.
Two hundred children (100 boys and 100 girls) in primary schools in four urban centres were served with questionnaires requesting their views on issues bordering on their well being and quality of life, in such areas as:
- quality of education
- space for movement and play
- food and clean water for drinking and washing
- play equipment and materials and
- loving care giver.
The children's responses showed that provision was not made for recreational space for play, the quality of education is poor, there was no provision for play equipment and material and in most cases the adult-child ration was low. Children also complained of polluted environment.
Suggestions were made for the provision of adequate play parks for recreational purposes for the children. Suggestion is also made for government to pay more attention to the well being and health of the children. 相似文献
13.
In the day care centre, already at the transition stage to role play children show different kinds of participation. They observe each other's play, share goal orientation and directly tutor each other. The play process is materially supported and often initiated by educators. However, children also need to acquire the power to act autonomously in role play.
The different kinds of participation in young children's play, as well as the appearance and development of basic features of joint role play were examined in three games of a two-year-old girl, Katju, in her day care group. The games are examples of ten play sessions she was involved in. These data were collected by means of reactive participant observation and analyzed by using interpretive methods.
It turned out that Katju proceeded from a feeling of togetherness in a shared space, through parallel and successive play actions to reciprocity and equal exchange of play actions. Moreover, the three educators contributed to this process in different ways.
The findings may be of interest in discussions about play in early education practices, in particular with regard to the development of autonomy, social abilities and partnership in sociocultural activities. 相似文献
The different kinds of participation in young children's play, as well as the appearance and development of basic features of joint role play were examined in three games of a two-year-old girl, Katju, in her day care group. The games are examples of ten play sessions she was involved in. These data were collected by means of reactive participant observation and analyzed by using interpretive methods.
It turned out that Katju proceeded from a feeling of togetherness in a shared space, through parallel and successive play actions to reciprocity and equal exchange of play actions. Moreover, the three educators contributed to this process in different ways.
The findings may be of interest in discussions about play in early education practices, in particular with regard to the development of autonomy, social abilities and partnership in sociocultural activities. 相似文献
14.
Margaret Henry 《Early child development and care》1990,60(1):35-51
In much current writing on developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs, emphasis is laid on the importance for young children's development and learning of spontaneous, self-initiated exploration and autonomous play (e.g. Bredekamp, 1987; Rogers & Sawyers, 1988. Adults are seen in this literature as setters of the stage for children and as responsive facilitators of children's activities. They are seldom seen as initiators of those activities or even particularly as co-explorers with children. Yet there is evidence that where adults actively engage with children in mutual pursuits -- especially everyday, family-style pursuits -- there is enhancement of children's social, emotional and cognitive development. Some of this evidence, drawn from both past and current studies, is presented.
The paper reviews a number of factors that appear to lie behind the present emphasis, in early childhood programs, on child rather than adult direction of activity, especially play. The proposal is advanced that young children's development and learning in a variety of settings would be better served and a more balanced curriculum achieved if adult roles as initiators and partners -- not only facilitators -- were recognized in a wide variety of activities -- not only play.
At an earlier time, it is suggested, children's developmental needs and individual interests were often largely disregarded as adults attempted to determine, in form and detail, the educational progress of their young tabulae rasae. The pendulum swing in educational theory is now giving central place, in the search for developmental appropriateness, to the autonomy of the child. This paper proposes a position between these two extremes, in order to draw more fully on the range of capacities of both adults and children. In short, it suggests that while retaining the baby and the bathwater, it is important not to throw mother (or caregiver or teacher) out instead. 相似文献
The paper reviews a number of factors that appear to lie behind the present emphasis, in early childhood programs, on child rather than adult direction of activity, especially play. The proposal is advanced that young children's development and learning in a variety of settings would be better served and a more balanced curriculum achieved if adult roles as initiators and partners -- not only facilitators -- were recognized in a wide variety of activities -- not only play.
At an earlier time, it is suggested, children's developmental needs and individual interests were often largely disregarded as adults attempted to determine, in form and detail, the educational progress of their young tabulae rasae. The pendulum swing in educational theory is now giving central place, in the search for developmental appropriateness, to the autonomy of the child. This paper proposes a position between these two extremes, in order to draw more fully on the range of capacities of both adults and children. In short, it suggests that while retaining the baby and the bathwater, it is important not to throw mother (or caregiver or teacher) out instead. 相似文献
15.
A list of 53 primary schools was obtained from Ikorodu Local Government of Lagos State, Nigeria. Five primary schools were chosen from the list by numerical series which had a total of 4,515 pupils representing 13.6#pc of the total primary school population. Two hundred and fifty pupils were chosen randomly using Fisher#shYates random sample table. The following information enumerated from the study.
Chi-square value [P#lt.05] showed relationship between the PCV level and nutritional status of the children. Similar association also showed between the MCHC and nutritional status. Twenty four had their PCV less than 30 while 21 had the MCHC less than 33 which is an indicator of iron deficiency anaemia.
The stool examination showed a total of 180 [72#pc] pupils comprising of 89 [70.6#pc] males and 91 [73.4#pc] females had intestinal parasites. Ascaris and Trischuris and hookworm were commonly identified among the children. This also indicated a chi-square value [P#lt.05] association between the nutritional status and worm infestation. 相似文献
Chi-square value [P#lt.05] showed relationship between the PCV level and nutritional status of the children. Similar association also showed between the MCHC and nutritional status. Twenty four had their PCV less than 30 while 21 had the MCHC less than 33 which is an indicator of iron deficiency anaemia.
The stool examination showed a total of 180 [72#pc] pupils comprising of 89 [70.6#pc] males and 91 [73.4#pc] females had intestinal parasites. Ascaris and Trischuris and hookworm were commonly identified among the children. This also indicated a chi-square value [P#lt.05] association between the nutritional status and worm infestation. 相似文献
16.
A total of 200 rural and urban pregnant women attending the clinics for routine antenatal care were involved. The data collection began in June 1990 and ended in August 1990. The data gathering instrument was first pilot tested in the antenatal clinics of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. These findings enumerated from the study: About 6.8% of the rural women had moderate Anaemias 9.0-9.9gm% as compared to 1.4% of the urban women.
The MCHC fell progressively with the gestation age. The study showed 71.6% of the rural women had MCHC less than 33 compared to 60.8% urban women. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is also reported to fall progressively with gestation (Belsey & Royston, 1987). Their hypothesis was supported by this study. The correlation coefficient was -0.02 and (p 0.01).
The PCV was also significantly correlated with gestation age r = 0.24 (p 0.01). 相似文献
The MCHC fell progressively with the gestation age. The study showed 71.6% of the rural women had MCHC less than 33 compared to 60.8% urban women. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is also reported to fall progressively with gestation (Belsey & Royston, 1987). Their hypothesis was supported by this study. The correlation coefficient was -0.02 and (p 0.01).
The PCV was also significantly correlated with gestation age r = 0.24 (p 0.01). 相似文献
17.
The presence of a disabled child is known to increase family stress and parental ill-health. However, it is unclear the extent to which support services can alleviate this.
Families using two, short-break services - both residential and domiciliary - formed the study population (N = 68). Measures were taken using standardised instruments of children's development and maladaptive behaviours, parental stress, parental health and the supports that the families received from services, professionals and relatives and friends.
Significant proportions of these service users were stressed and had high levels of psychiatric morbidity. The sole predictor of stress was parental ill-health which in turn was linked with children who had higher scores on motor skills and the presence of other disabled dependants in the family. Families who were most stressed or in poorer health received no greater amounts of support.
The findings reinforced the complexity of disentangling the relationships between family needs and service supports. They also suggest that existing presumptions about more services reducing family stress are too simplistic. It is argued that the meaning of support for families needs to be critically reviewed along with an examination of the coping strategies used by families. This should result in better matching of support services to individual family needs. 相似文献
Families using two, short-break services - both residential and domiciliary - formed the study population (N = 68). Measures were taken using standardised instruments of children's development and maladaptive behaviours, parental stress, parental health and the supports that the families received from services, professionals and relatives and friends.
Significant proportions of these service users were stressed and had high levels of psychiatric morbidity. The sole predictor of stress was parental ill-health which in turn was linked with children who had higher scores on motor skills and the presence of other disabled dependants in the family. Families who were most stressed or in poorer health received no greater amounts of support.
The findings reinforced the complexity of disentangling the relationships between family needs and service supports. They also suggest that existing presumptions about more services reducing family stress are too simplistic. It is argued that the meaning of support for families needs to be critically reviewed along with an examination of the coping strategies used by families. This should result in better matching of support services to individual family needs. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of using blocks as an art medium to teach young children, 3 and 4 years of age, selected art concepts through regularly scheduled treatments. It is also examined the effect of learning these concepts had on the structures the children built.
The sample consisted of 40 children, ages 42-54 months. The 20 experimental subjects were divided into 4 groups of 5 and each group received 1 identical treatment per week for 6 weeks. They were introduced to and encouraged to talk about art attributes while observing structures, interacting with the experimenter and manipulating and building with blocks. The control groups received no treatment, but were free to construct with blocks.
Results indicated that the effect the learning sessions had on children's acquisition of art concepts and the application of these within a block structure compared to those who did not have the learning sessions yielded significance at the .001 level in favor of the experimental group. Further examination of the data revealed that a relationship between children's ability to identify concepts and implement these in block structures yielded a moderately high association. 相似文献
The sample consisted of 40 children, ages 42-54 months. The 20 experimental subjects were divided into 4 groups of 5 and each group received 1 identical treatment per week for 6 weeks. They were introduced to and encouraged to talk about art attributes while observing structures, interacting with the experimenter and manipulating and building with blocks. The control groups received no treatment, but were free to construct with blocks.
Results indicated that the effect the learning sessions had on children's acquisition of art concepts and the application of these within a block structure compared to those who did not have the learning sessions yielded significance at the .001 level in favor of the experimental group. Further examination of the data revealed that a relationship between children's ability to identify concepts and implement these in block structures yielded a moderately high association. 相似文献
19.
A substantial increase in the number of chronically-ill children in the United States during the past three decades has prompted researchers to investigate the negative consequences and outcomes of chronic illness. The current study attempted to identify strengths of chronically-ill children that may be related to the positive effects of living with the illness. Specifically, this study compared healthy and chronically-ill children's identification with altruistic behaviors and evaluated the experience of living with a chronic illness on children's altruistic choices.
A total of 74 children recruited from a public elementary school and a university hospital participated in this study. A drawing measure and a demographic questionnaire gathered information on the children's altruistic choices, previous hospitalizations, and chronic illnesses.
The results demonstrated that the children in this study made more altruistic choices than nonaltruistic choices. Altruistic choices were found to be significantly higher for girls and for older children. A significant difference was found between the altruistic choices of healthy and chronically-ill children. Finally, significant differences in altruistic choices were not found among chronically-ill children in this'study, whether in school or in the hospital. Recommendations for future research include determining other positive effects of living with a chronic illness, identifying additional methods of assessing altruism'in children, and determining changes over time in healthy and chronically-ill children's altruistic behavior. 相似文献
A total of 74 children recruited from a public elementary school and a university hospital participated in this study. A drawing measure and a demographic questionnaire gathered information on the children's altruistic choices, previous hospitalizations, and chronic illnesses.
The results demonstrated that the children in this study made more altruistic choices than nonaltruistic choices. Altruistic choices were found to be significantly higher for girls and for older children. A significant difference was found between the altruistic choices of healthy and chronically-ill children. Finally, significant differences in altruistic choices were not found among chronically-ill children in this'study, whether in school or in the hospital. Recommendations for future research include determining other positive effects of living with a chronic illness, identifying additional methods of assessing altruism'in children, and determining changes over time in healthy and chronically-ill children's altruistic behavior. 相似文献
20.
Pamela Calder 《Early child development and care》1996,126(1):27-37
How useful is the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS) as a research instrument in making cross-national comparisons of the quality of nurseries?
The paper briefly outlines the ECERS and discusses the extent to which it can be used as a universal evaluative tool to measure quality. The author reflects on her use of the ECERS scale in cross-national contexts, to comment on its advantages and its limitations.
The author used the ECERS as part of a qualitative investigation into nursery provision and practice between 1991 and 1994 in cities in fourcountries, New York, (USA) Harnosand, (Sweden), Arezzo (Italy) and Barcelona (Spain). The nurseries in which the author carried out observations and interviews were chosen by contacts in the countries concerned for both their willingness to participate and for their representativeness. A minimum of four institutions which took children under three were visited for at least half a day in each city.
The author uses examples derived from this research to argue that while the scale may have some advantages in that, ratings can be undertaken in two hours, and the scale can provide comparison measures on a number of criteria which child care professionals have agreed are significant, it also has a number of disadvantages. Because the scale is empirically rather than theoretically based and is not explicit about the evaluative categories, which underlie it, its use can obscure rather than illuminate, what different countries see as the most significant aspects of their care and education provision.
The paper concludes that we need to develop measurement tools which explicitly state the values and theoretical perspectives behind their construction. 相似文献
The paper briefly outlines the ECERS and discusses the extent to which it can be used as a universal evaluative tool to measure quality. The author reflects on her use of the ECERS scale in cross-national contexts, to comment on its advantages and its limitations.
The author used the ECERS as part of a qualitative investigation into nursery provision and practice between 1991 and 1994 in cities in fourcountries, New York, (USA) Harnosand, (Sweden), Arezzo (Italy) and Barcelona (Spain). The nurseries in which the author carried out observations and interviews were chosen by contacts in the countries concerned for both their willingness to participate and for their representativeness. A minimum of four institutions which took children under three were visited for at least half a day in each city.
The author uses examples derived from this research to argue that while the scale may have some advantages in that, ratings can be undertaken in two hours, and the scale can provide comparison measures on a number of criteria which child care professionals have agreed are significant, it also has a number of disadvantages. Because the scale is empirically rather than theoretically based and is not explicit about the evaluative categories, which underlie it, its use can obscure rather than illuminate, what different countries see as the most significant aspects of their care and education provision.
The paper concludes that we need to develop measurement tools which explicitly state the values and theoretical perspectives behind their construction. 相似文献