新生儿高胆红素血症合并心肌损害102例临床分析

对收治的102例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿的心肌酶谱进行测定,测定项目包括天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平,观察新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌的损害及治疗前后心肌酶活性的变化。102例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿治疗后AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均下降,与治疗前比较,差异具有显著的统计学意义（P〈0.05）。心肌损害是新生儿高胆红素血症常见的并发症,治疗后心肌酶也可恢复正常水平。临床治疗中应加强心肌保护和对心肌损害的治疗,降低永久性心肌损害的发生率。     

新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌细胞的影响

目的探讨新生儿血清中过高胆红素水平对心肌细胞的影响。方法 72例高胆红素血症新生儿作为高胆红素组,61例正常新生儿作为对照组,监测两组治疗前后血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白(CTNI)值。结果高胆红素血症患儿血清CK、CKMB、CTNI水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01);且CTNI的阳性率远远大于CK-MB(P<0.05);而治疗后患儿血清CK、CKMB、CTNI水平较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01)。结论过高的胆红素可造成心肌细胞的损伤,早期监测CK、CKMB、CTNI,及时治疗,可避免不可逆损害的发生。而且CTNI临床应用价值更大。     

不同程度足月新生儿高间接胆红素血症血清CK-MB检测的意义

目的探讨不同程度足月新生儿高间接胆红素血症(简称高胆)血清CK-MB的变化及意义。方法对218例足月新生儿高胆(轻度高胆红素血症组73例;中重度高胆红素血症组145例)和20例对照组测定血清CK-MB。结果轻度高胆红素血症组CK-MB高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而中重度高胆红素血症组CK-MB高于轻度黄疸组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论部分足月新生儿不明原因高胆存在CK-MB增高,且中重度黄疸患儿CK-MB升高明显,应注意保护心肌。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与心肌酶水平变化及临床意义

目的研究缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)与天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平变化及临床意义。方法对114例HIE患儿(轻度HIE组38例、中度HIE组40例、重度HIE组36例)血清cTnI与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平进行检测,并与正常对照组的30例健康新生儿进行比较分析。结果 HIE组血清cTnI、AST、LDH、CK以及CK-MB水平均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05);轻、中度HIE组血清cTnI与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均显著低于重度HIE组,中度HIE组血清cTnI与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均均显著高于轻度HIE组,差异亦均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);HIE患儿cTnI与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平与病情呈正性显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论检测HIE患儿血清cTnI与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平对患儿病情判断及治疗具有重要的临床意义。     

新生儿高胆红素血症心肌酶活性及C-反应蛋白变化的临床分析

目的 通过检测高胆红素血症新生儿心肌酶活性、C-反应蛋白（CRP）水平变化,分析高胆红素血症与心肌细胞活性、CRP之间的关系,为更全面地认识新生儿高胆红素血症提供一定的理论依据.方法 选取高胆红素血症患儿89例,据血清胆红素值分为轻度、重度两组,采用全自动血生化分析仪及免疫比浊法分别于治疗前及治疗后第3天测定血清心肌酶活性及CRP水平,并与无高胆红素血症的新生儿做对照研究.结果 重度高胆红素血症组与对照组相比,所有心肌酶指标活性均显著性增高,轻度组激酸肌酶（CK）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、激酸肌酶同工酶（CK-MB）等部分指标活性明显升高,CRP水平各组间比较差异无统计学意义.治疗3 d后,黄疸明显减退,复测心肌酶活性基本恢复至正常水平.结论 高胆红素血症患儿心肌酶活性显著性增高,随黄疸加重,心肌酶活性相应增高.高胆红素血症患儿CRP水平未见显著性变化.     

新生儿高胆红素血症心肌酶谱活性的变化

目的 对高胆红素血症新生儿心肌损害作出早期诊断.方法 对42例新生儿血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)定量测定.结果 高胆红素组新生儿心肌酶谱测定值较对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义,并与黄疸程度成正比.结论 心肌酶谱活性检测可作为高胆红素血症新生儿心肌损害早期灵敏、特异的重要诊断指标,临床上有重要实用价值.     

轮状病毒性腹泻患儿几种项目检测结果的变化

目的探讨轮状病毒性腹泻患儿血液中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)检测的临床意义。方法比较40例轮状病毒性腹泻患儿血液中AST、CK、CK-MB、LDH、HBDH、hs-CRP、PCT的检测均值与各自参考范围上限的差异。结果 AST、CK、CK-MB、LDH、HBDH、PCT均值均显著高于各自的参考范围上限,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),hs-CRP变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论轮状病毒性腹泻患儿可能合并有心肌损伤,急性期反应物质PCT升高比hs-CRP明显。     

高胆红素血症对足月新生儿心肌组织的影响

目的探讨高胆红素血症对足月新生儿心肌组织的影响。方法选择46例高胆红素血症患儿为高胆组,30例健康新生儿为对照组,根据治疗方法不同将高胆组分成高胆Ⅰ组和高胆Ⅱ两组。高胆组分别于治疗前后抽取静脉血测定胆红素和心肌酶,所有患儿入院时均行心电图、超声心动图检查。结果高胆组新生儿心肌酶血清磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)较对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高胆组Ⅱ组患儿治疗前后心肌酶CK-MB比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高胆组和对照组新生儿超声心动图、心电图均无明显异常,也无心肌受损的临床表现和体征。结论新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌无损害,而且无需常规保心肌治疗;临床上诊断新生儿心肌损伤仅依据心肌酶活性增高是不够的,应结合超声心动图、心电图以及临床表现来综合判断。     

新生儿高胆红素血症风险因素分析及护理对策

目的:探讨新生儿高胆红素血症的风险因素及护理对策。方法:选取高胆红素血症新生儿100例作为观察组,同期选取非高胆红素血症新生儿100例作为对照组,统计两组围生期相关情况。并根据观察组患儿的具体情况和相关风险因素,在基础护理基础上实施针对性护理。结果:观察组剖宫产率、早产儿率、感染率及溶血症率均高于对照组(P<0.05),母乳喂养率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患儿1周后总胆红素、血红蛋白、血糖等指标均有显著性改善(P<0.01),无患儿死亡。结论:在基础护理基础上,通过分析新生儿高胆红素血症发病的风险因素,以采取针对性护理,对于提高治疗效果、改善预后是很有意义的,值得临床考虑。     

降钙素原在感染性新生儿高胆红素血症中早期诊断的价值

目的：探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)在新生儿高胆红素血症中早期诊断的临床价值,为高胆红素血症的新生患儿提供合理的治疗方案和理论指导。方法选取2013年1月至2013年12月就诊的100例高胆红素血症新生患儿,根据临床诊断将其分为感染组和非感染组,入院时即检测血清中的PCT含量,进行回顾性分析。结果感染组血清中PCT阳性率为86.7%,非感染组阳性率为10.0%,感染组的PCT阳性率明显高于非感染组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 PCT在细菌感染的新生儿高胆红素血症中明显升高,因此在新生儿高胆红素血症治疗中,血清PCT可以作为新生儿感染的早期检测指标,有助于患儿的治疗和康复。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.