骨髓液促进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管的生成

背景：生长因子能促进侧支血管的发育,且多种因子协同效果更为明显,骨髓液中富含多种生长因子。 目的：观察血管内膜损伤后的骨髓液对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的作用。 方法：受精蛋70枚在(37.5±0.5) ℃条件下孵育,第7天开窗,第8天将存活鸡胚随机分为生理盐水组、正常血清组、正常骨髓液组、损伤血清组、损伤骨髓液组以及血管内皮生成因子组,每组10枚,分别滴加5 μL兔正常血清、5 μL兔骨髓液、5 μL兔血管内膜损害血清、5 μL兔血管内膜损害骨髓液、5 μL生理盐水及0.3 μg 血管内皮生长因子进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜中,连续3 d。数码相机拍照后平铺于载玻片上,计数鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜新生的血管数目。 结果与结论：与正常血清组相比,正常骨髓液组、血管内膜损害血清组鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜新生的血管总数明显增多,大中血管明显增生;且血管内膜损害血清组大、中血管数更为明显增加。提示正常骨髓液具有明显的促进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型血管生成的作用,其强度优于血管内皮生长因子;血管内膜损伤第7天的血清和骨髓液能够明显的促进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜上的血管生成,其强度优于血管内皮生长因子组。     

鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜数字图像血管定量分析

目的：以生物医学工程的角度，研究基于数字图像处理技术的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜图像血管自动分析方法，设计和研制专用实验检测系统。 方法：实验于2005-06/2007-06分别在上海理工大学医疗器械与食品学院中心实验室和上海中医药大学进行。根据鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管图像的特点，研究和开发了包括鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管数字图像背景褪色、血管增强、背景和血管定标、标尺校准、血管测量区域划分、血管面积及面积比参数测量等主要分析软件，以及相应的测量分析系统。通过实验检验分析方法和测量参数，并对分析系统进行改进。 结果：建立了有效的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜数字图像血管自动分析的方法和步骤，研制了专用的实验分析系统。通过药物实验对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管图像进行了参数检测，获取了多组实验数据，并进行了统计分析。统计分析结果显示试验药物有抑制血管生长作用，且作用大小呈剂量依赖关系。 结论：经实验证明基于数字图像处理技术的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜图像血管自动分析方法能提供可靠的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型定量分析数据，并且在分析速度、测量精度、数据重复性等方面均优于常规人工目测血管计数方法。     

不同配伍生物膜对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的影响：寻求最佳组合方式*

背景：如何使生长因子安全的在体内稳定持久的表达,并获得长期的促血管生成效应是亟待解决的问题,这就需要一个良好的药物缓释系统,即可控释的生物模拟系统。 目的：探讨不同配伍的生物膜对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的影响,寻找最佳的组合方式。 设计、时间及地点：生物材料学体外观察,于2008-06/2009-05在江苏省中医院中心实验室完成。 材料：通过交联剂将肝素、中药与Ⅰ型胶原发生共价结合,然后rhVEGF165、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与肝素发生生理性结合,将血管生成素1制成微球均匀植入生物膜内,即为实验所需生物膜。 方法：将制备的生物膜置于正对观察窗的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜表面的血管最少处,然后贴在鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜表面上,封口膜封闭假气室,继续孵育。实验组在给予生物膜基础上,依次加入0,10,50,100 ng碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,从中筛选出最显著促进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管新生的组合作为生物膜1;再依次加入100 μL丹参注射液、黄芪注射液、三七总甙注射液、川芎嗪注射液,同法筛选出生物膜2;再依次加入10,50 ng血管生成素Ⅰ,同法筛选出生物膜3作为实验最终结果。同时设立空白对照组,鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜表面未贴生物膜,仅加入PBS。加药7 d后取绒毛尿囊膜,拍摄给药部位,采用Image Pro Plus 5.0.2进行数据收集。 主要观察指标：不同配伍的生物膜对血管新生面积的影响。 结果：①与空白对照组比较,生物膜+0,10,50,100 ng碱性成纤维细胞生长因子各组新生血管面积均明显增加,其中生物膜+100 ng碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组增加幅度最高(P < 0.01),为此将其选为生物膜1。②与生物膜1组比较,生物膜1+三七总甙注射液组、生物膜1+川芎嗪注射液组无明显变化,生物膜1+丹参注射液组、生物膜1+黄芪注射液组新生血管面积分别增加25.48%,63.21%(P均 < 0.01),因此将生物膜1+黄芪注射液组作为生物膜2的最佳组成。③与生物膜2组比较,生物膜2 + 10 ng血管生成素Ⅰ组新生血管面积无明显差异;生物膜2 + 50 ng血管生成素Ⅰ组新生血管面积增加21.49%(P < 0.05),因此将其作为生物膜3。 结论：在实验制备的生物膜基础上,加入100 ng碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、100 μL黄芪注射液组、50 ng血管生成素Ⅰ的组合,具有明显促进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的作用。 关键词：生物膜;鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜;血管生成     

黄芪、脉络宁注射液载入修饰胶原对鸡胚尿囊膜血管新生的协同促进作用

背景：课题组先期研究发现黄芪载入修饰后胶原可以促进血管新生,与生长因子载入疗效相当,运用中医理论中具有协同作用的中药合用是否能进一步提高疗效尚不清楚。目的：探查黄芪、脉络宁载入修饰后胶原促鸡胚尿囊膜血管新生及长入胶原的疗效,并证明黄芪与脉络宁是否有协同作用。方法：实验分空白组、控制组(单纯胶原)、黄芪组(黄芪注射液1 mL载入胶原)、脉络宁组(脉络宁注射液1 mL载入胶原)、黄芪+脉络宁组(黄芪注射液及脉络宁注射液各0.5 mL载入胶原),各组植入鸡胚尿囊膜孵化7 d后取出,测定鸡胚尿囊膜内微血管数、各组胶原内微血管数、血红蛋白含量、rhVEGF165阳性细胞数。结果与结论：各实验组鸡胚尿囊膜内血管呈轮辐状生长及鸡胚尿囊膜包裹标本率高于空白组与控制组,鸡胚尿囊膜内微血管数、胶原内微血管数、血红蛋白含量、rhVEGF165阳性细胞数均高于控制组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01);其中黄芪+脉络宁组又高于黄芪组与脉络宁组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示黄芪、脉络宁载入胶原后可以促进鸡胚尿囊膜内血管新生并刺激血管长入胶原内,黄芪与脉络宁合用具有协同作用,机制之一为刺激血管内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子的表达。     

五种化妆品的皮肤刺激性：平皿法鸡胚试验评价**

背景：评价化妆品皮肤刺激性,传统多采用兔皮肤刺激实验,即将化学物涂抹在动物背部去毛的皮肤上,观察其变化,这些方法费时,费力,且给动物带来很大痛苦。各国实验室都在寻找动物替代实验的方法。 目的：采用平皿法鸡胚试验方法作为替代方法评价化妆品引起人体皮肤不良反应潜在可能的可行性。 设计、时间及地点：动物替代实验,于2008-03/05在中国检验检疫科学研究院毒理学实验室完成。 材料：无特定病原体级受精鸡卵,购于北京梅里亚通实验动物技术有限公司。 方法：将鸡胚置于平皿中,孵育第8天用于试验,记录出现出血,血管裂解及凝血的鸡胚数目,得出刺激因子X,以判断待测物质是否具有人体皮肤不良反应潜在可能。并与人体斑贴试验结果进行比较。 主要观察指标：刺激因子X。 结果：5种化妆品中2种有人体皮肤不良反应潜在可能,刺激因子X＞5。与人体斑贴试验结果经校正χ2 检验比较,差异无显著性意义,其灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值均为1。 结论：平皿法鸡胚试验和人体斑贴试验的结果一致,该方法可以用来评价化妆品的皮肤刺激性。 关键词：皮肤刺激性;替代方法;人体斑贴试验;鸡胚试验     

锥虫蓝侧脑室注射原位显示脑室及蛛网膜下腔原生小管系统

We examined a new method for visualization of the primo vascular system in the rat brain involving lateral ventricle injection of trypan blue.Results showed that the primo vascular system in the lateral ventricles and arachnoid mater of the brain were preferentially stained relative to blood vessels and fascia.The primo-vessels along blood vessels in the brain were clearly exhibited.In addition,the primo vascular system was evident between the fourth ventricle and the quadrigeminal cistern.Our experimental findings indicate that this new technique of lateral ventricle injection of trypan blue can visualize the primo vascular system in lateral ventricles and arachnoid mater of rats in situ.     

A test for modulation of synaptic efficacy by induced membrane potential variance

A modification of Klopf's heterostatic adaptive neuron hypothesis is proposed, in which membrane potential variance, rather than depolarization, has adaptive influence on individual nerve cells. Recordings from each of two configurations of three-cell networks of Aplysia buccal ganglia test for either nonspecific or associative effects of excess membrane potential and current variance, in the form of noise injection into voltage-clamped postsynaptic neurons. No effects of noise are reported, suggesting either that the hypothesis is incorrect, or else that the frequency spectrum or duration of recording were inappropriate to produce the adaptive modulation.     

Effect upon eye movements of rabbits induced by severance of mossy fiber visual pathway to the cerebellar flocculus

In albino rabbits the visual mossy fiber pathway to the cerebellar flocculus was interrupted by placing lesions in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP). After recovery of more than 3 days, eye movements were tested by means of a television eye tracking system. The optokinetic response (OKR) in one eye induced by sinusoidally moving a vertical slit light on the horizontal plane (2.5° peak-to-peak amplitude) at 0.17-0.033 Hz in front of that eye. In rabbits with unilateral NRTP lesions, the OKR gain was reduced significantly in the eye contralateral to lesions, whereas that in the ipsilateral eye did not differ from control rabbits. The horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) exhibited no change attributable to NRTP lesions. The operated rabbits were rotated (5° peak-to-peak amplitude) at 0.1 Hz continuously for 3 h, while the slit light was presented to the eye contralateral to the NRTP lesions. During the rotation, the HVOR gain in the test eye increased adaptively as in control rabbits. It is concluded that the visual mossy fiber pathway to the flocculus contributes to the OKR, but not to visually-guided adaptive modification of the HVOR.     

Evoked potential in the lateral geniculate body as modified by enucleation of one eye in the albino rat

Evoked potential was recorded from the lateral geniculate body (LGB) in response to stimulation of the uncrossed optic nerve in rats with one eye removed at varying days of age after birth. A postsynaptic component of the evoked potential was found to be potentiated if the enucleation was made during the first 30 postnatal days. It was speculated that when enucleation was made during 10 days after birth potentiation would be brought about by an increase in the number of the uncrossed optic nerve fibers, but enucleation after that period would produce potentiation by terminal sprouting of the regular uncrossed optic nerve fibers. In addition, the possibility was discussed that enucleation in the first 30 days might also produce potentiation by a more efficient or more numerous transmitter release at the regular uncrossed optic nerve terminals.