分子靶向治疗乳腺癌临床分析

通过文献回顾结合临床观察综述性地介绍了以HER-2为靶点、以表皮生长因子受体（EGFG）为靶向、以肿瘤血管生成为靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、目前正在研究当中的新型分子靶向治疗药物四类药物。分子靶向治疗已经成为手术、放化疗和内分泌治疗后乳腺癌的第四类治疗手段,并且已经在临床当中大面积使用。该治疗模式相信将是未来乳腺癌治疗的潮流。当人们对肿瘤发生发展因素的越发了解,并且依靠先进生物医学手段,将会有更多药物纳入到分子靶向治疗的临床应用当中,届时当有更多的患者受益。     

用于乳腺癌的分子靶向治疗药物研究进展

肿瘤的分子靶向治疗是癌症的现代治疗手段。相对于传统的化学治疗而言,分子靶向治疗具有特异性强、用药量低、毒副作用小、人体耐受性好等优点,应用前景广泛。近年此类药物在乳腺癌的临床治疗中取得显著疗效,本文分别对以HER－2为靶点的药物、以表皮生长因子受体（ EGFR）为靶点的药物、以肿瘤血管生成为靶点的药物以及其它新靶点的药物在乳腺癌中的研究现状、临床治疗现状及应用前景进行总结及展望。     

消化系统肿瘤的靶向治疗进展

作用于EGFR及VEGF的药物治疗肿瘤的研究日趋活跃。本文对该类药物如西妥昔单抗、erlotinib、吉非替尼和bevacizumab等在消化系统肿瘤治疗中的疗效研究作一简要综述。     

肝细胞癌分子靶向治疗临床进展

原发性肝癌肿瘤细胞对化疗和放疗的敏感度较低，大多肝癌有多药耐药基因（MDR-1）的上调，且晚期肝癌患常伴肝硬化，不健全的肝功能局限了化疗药物的应用。近年来针对肝癌细胞表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的基础与临床研究成果不菲，单克隆抗体（MAbs）与酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）类的多种靶向治疗药物已相继被用于临床。　[第一段]     

分子靶向治疗的临床应用进展

分子靶向治疗（molecular targeted therapy）是以肿瘤细胞过度表达的某些标志性分子为靶点,选择针对性的阻断剂,有效干预受该标志性分子调控、并与肿瘤发生密切相关的信号转导通路,从而达到抑制肿瘤生长、进展及转移的效果。     

肿瘤分子靶向治疗的研究进展

近年来，随着分子生物学技术的提高和对肿瘤发病机制从细胞、分子水平的进一步认识，分子靶向治疗已成为肿瘤医学的发展方向。其中以受体酪氨酸激酶为治疗靶点的分子靶向治疗受到国内外肿瘤界的普遍关注。它的ErbB受体家族通过基因扩增、过度表达和突变导致信号传导的增加与很多肿瘤及其不良预后呈正相关。     

乳腺癌分子靶向治疗概述

肿瘤分子靶向治疗（moleculartar geted therapy）是指在肿瘤分子生物学的基础上,利用肿瘤组织或细胞所具有的特异性（或相对特异的）结构分子作为靶点,使用某些能与这些靶分子特异结合的抗体、配体等达到直接治疗或导向治疗的一类疗法。近年来,乳腺癌的分子靶向治疗取得了令人瞩目的进展。本文对此作一综述。     

肿瘤分子靶向治疗药物的应用进展

分子靶向治疗作为肿瘤治疗的新手段,正以其低毒、副反应和高治疗效果成为肿瘤治疗研究的热点.按作用靶点以及药物的性质,分子靶向药物可分为数类,主要包括以EGFR为靶点的药物、作用于HER2/erbB2的单克隆抗体、靶向VEGF/VEGFR的药物、以白细胞CD为靶点的单克隆抗体以及作用于多个靶点的药物.本文综述肿瘤分子靶向治...     

早期胃癌分子诊断及靶向治疗进展

前哨淋巴结（SLN）是指最早接受原发胃肿瘤淋巴引流的淋巴结[1]。被认为是淋巴引流过程中,原发病灶第一个可能转移的淋巴结[2]。因而,对于前哨淋巴结病理状态的预测可以评估整个区域的淋巴结情况。如果没有发现肿瘤SLN的转移[3],那么就没有行根治性淋巴结清扫术的必要。     

Promising molecular targeted therapies in breast cancer

In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in the understanding of molecular events and critical pathways involved in breast cancer. This has led to the identification of novel targets and development of anticancer therapies referred to as targeted therapy. Targeted therapy has high specificity for the molecules involved in key molecular events that are responsible for cancer phenotype such as cell growth, survival, migration, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, and angiogenesis. Targeted agents that have been approved for breast cancer include trastuzumab and lapatinib, directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and bevacizumab, directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Several other targeted agents currently under evaluation in preclinical and clinical trials include inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), dual EGFR and HER2 inhibitors, VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors, and agents that interfere with crucial signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MEK/ERK; agents against other tyrosine kinases such as Src, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-receptor (IGFR); agents that promote apoptosis such as Poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors; agents that target invasion and metastasis such as matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors and others. In this review, we highlight the most promising targeted agents and their combination with mainstream chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical trials.     

三阴性乳腺癌的分子靶向治疗

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)是一种侵袭性极强的乳腺癌亚型,临床预后很差。近几年,随着对乳腺癌生物学研究的深入,出现了一些新的治疗方法。多项临床试验已经证实,聚二磷酸腺苷核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制药应用是一种治疗BRCA基因突变或散发的、具有同源重组调节修复缺陷乳腺癌的有效方法。亚组分析提示血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体贝伐珠单抗联合化疗能有效治疗TNBC。包括舒尼替尼和索拉非尼在内的许多药物也能抑制肿瘤血管生成。基因芯片分析显示,与其他乳腺癌亚型相比,TNBC表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的表达水平更高,而EGFR抑制药治疗乳腺癌的疗效却令人失望。临床前研究还发现,热休克蛋白90(Hsp90)和Src抑制药有抑制TNBC生长的活性,相关临床试验正在进行中。     

Monoclonal antibody-based targeted therapy in breast cancer

Advances in molecular biology have identified tumor markers that not only predict prognosis and therapeutic response but may also function as potential therapeutic targets. Activated growth factor receptors induce breast cancer cells to proliferate, invade, and metastasize in experimental models. Overexpression of growth factor receptors has been associated with a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Biological therapy with monoclonal antibody directed against growth factor receptor pathways became important targeted therapy in breast cancer and is being pursued on various fronts. The anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab is approved in the metastatic setting and is now trying to find the place in the adjuvant setting. Phase II and III studies with antibodies directed against VEGF and EGFR are also ongoing.     

分子诊断技术和靶向治疗在乳腺癌个体化治疗中的应用

乳腺癌是一类由不同病理实体构成和具有多样临床行为表现的异质性疾病。乳腺癌分子诊断技术和靶向治疗由于特异性较强、疗效明确、不良反应相对较小,已成为继手术、放疗和化疗等传统治疗模式之后的一种全新治疗手段。本文阐述分子靶向治疗在乳腺癌个体化治疗中的现状和应用。     

Phytoestrogen-derived multifunctional ligands for targeted therapy of breast cancer

Nano-targeted delivery systems have been widely used for breast tumor drug delivery. Estrogen receptors are considered to be significant drug delivery target receptors due to their overexpression in a variety of tumor cells. However, targeted ligands have a significant impact on the safety and effectiveness of active delivery systems, limiting the clinical transformation of nanoparticles. Phytoestrogens have shown good biosafety characteristics and some affinity with the estrogen receptor. In the present study, molecular docking was used to select tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) among phytoestrogens as a target ligand to be used in nanodelivery systems with some modifications. Modified Tan IIA (Tan-NH₂) showed a good biosafety profile and demonstrated tumor-targeting, anti-tumor and anti-tumor metastasis effects. Moreover, the ligand was utilized with the anti-tumor drug Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles via chemical modification to generate a nanocomposite Tan-Dox-MSN. Tan-Dox-MSN had a uniform particle size, good dispersibility and high drug loading capacity. Validation experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that it also had a better targeting ability, anti-tumor effect and lower toxicity in normal organs. These results supported the idea that phytoestrogens with high affinity for the estrogen receptor could improve the therapeutic efficacy of nano-targeted delivery systems in breast tumors.     

乳腺癌靶向治疗的新策略

目前,乳腺癌的常规治疗手段如化疗、放疗等存在严重的全身副作用,为此,开展乳腺癌的靶向治疗研究具有重大意义。本文综述了乳腺癌靶向治疗的3个研究领域:抗体介导的靶向、微载体介导的靶向、乳腺癌干细胞靶向,并阐述这些治疗策略的基本研究思路,分析这些新的治疗策略面临的一些问题,从而提出解决这些问题的相关见解。     

分子靶向药物治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床研究进展

分子靶向药物是利用肿瘤细胞与正常细胞之间分子细胞生物学上的差异,采用封闭受体、抑制血管生成、阻断信号传导通路等方法作用于肿瘤细胞特定的靶点,特异性地抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡.分子靶向治疗比传统的化疗特异性强、毒副反应小,将成为今后肿瘤治疗的新趋势.综述了近年来分子靶向药物治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床研究和应用.