CAT方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病发生肝静脉闭塞病二例

目的 探讨儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病CAT方案(环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、6-硫代鸟嘌呤)治疗后发生肝静脉闭塞病(HVOD)的病因、临床表现、影像学特征及治疗方案.方法 分析CAT治疗后发生HVOD患儿的临床资料并复习文献.结果 2例患儿治疗后血常规、肝功能、出凝血项、彩色多普勒检查中肝静脉显影及腹水、胸水均较治疗前明显改善.结论 CAT治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病发生HVOD可能与化疗药物联合作用有关,去纤苷是一种相对有效且安全的治疗HVOD药物.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿化疗相关性肝静脉闭塞病4例

目的了解急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)经环磷酰胺(CTX)、阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)、6-硫鸟嘌呤(6-TG)(CAT方案)化疗后发生肝静脉闭塞病(VOD)的临床和预后特征,探讨VOD的发病机制、预防措施及治疗方法。方法对2008年4月-2009年4月本科经CAT方案化疗后发生VOD的4例ALL患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。4例患儿在CAT方案化疗后均出现腹痛、腹胀,并伴黄疸、腹水及肝大,实验室检查血常规、肝功能、出凝血指标均异常,且血小板输注无效。予对症支持、保肝及小剂量肝素治疗。结果3例患儿经积极治疗后血常规、肝功能、出凝血指标、彩色多普勒检查腹水均较治疗前明显改善,临床症状缓解。1例患儿病情进展迅速,抢救无效死亡。结论ALL患儿发生VOD可能与CAT方案化疗药物联合不良反应有关,血常规变化尤其是血小板下降,常早于VOD的临床症状,早期诊断和积极干预治疗对改善预后至关重要,小剂量肝素在VOD治疗中起重要作用。     

硫鸟嘌呤致肝窦阻塞综合征2例报告

例1,女性,7岁5个月。2009年7月在我院确诊为急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL),进行正规联合化疗,应用方案包括VTLD、CAT、HDMTX等,化疗第15天起持续白血病缓解状态。2009年12月患儿口服硫鸟嘌呤(6-TG)维持治疗,剂量为75 mg/(m2.d),1周后因血常规示白细胞(WBC)水平较高,将6-TG剂量增加至100 mg/(m2.d),5 d后患儿出现腹痛、腹胀、呕吐,否认不洁饮食,     

荣成98方案诊治儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床分析

目的　分析近几年利用荣成98方案对重庆地区儿童淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的诊治状况,初步评估1999年全国ALL诊疗建议的方案的应用效果。方法　对2 0 0 0年1月至2 0 0 4年4月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新诊ALL患儿2 31例,参照1999荣成诊疗建议进行诊断、分型及治疗,分年龄组进行统计分析比较。结果　近3年ALL病例数逐渐增加;患儿初诊时临床表现较重;婴儿高白细胞(WBC)者为80 .0 0 % ,而10岁以上患儿为14 .2 8% ;骨髓增生程度与WBC计数不完全一致。B ALL和T ALL分别占86 . 76 %和13. 2 4 % ,合并髓系标志表达者14 . 71% ;具有染色体数目或结构异常的患者标本为76 % ,激素实验不敏感者10 . 14 % ,而HR ALL占4 9. 6 6 %。接受化疗者5 8例,完全缓解率89 .5 8% ;骨髓复发9例,复发率17% ;4 1例患儿坚持治疗,进入维持治疗2 1例,无病生存率为83%。结论　所在医院近3年ALL病例逐渐增加;本文ALL患儿初诊时的临床表现较重;高白细胞血症见于多数婴儿白血病患儿;坚持规范的化疗是决定预后的最重要因素;荣成98方案治疗结果显示完全缓解率89. 5 8% ,无病生存率83% ,复发率17% ,大剂量氨甲蝶呤对中枢神经系统白血病预防起到了重要作用。     

儿童初发急性淋巴细胞白血病血清前白蛋白测定及意义

目的　通过对前白蛋白 (PA)的检测 ,了解其作为急性淋巴细胞白血病对肝浸润的意义。方法　对 2 2例治疗前患儿和完全缓解后的 1 7例患儿 ,通过免疫比浊法测定PA ,并检测其它肝功能指标 ,以及 30例健康儿童对照组。结果　 2 2例治疗前患儿 ,9例PA下降 (与对照组相比P <0 .0 1 ) ,3例白蛋白降低 ,1例谷丙转氨酶、6例谷草转氨酶升高 ,1例总胆红素上升 ,治疗前PA异常的例数高于其它肝功能指标异常的例数。其中完全缓解后的 1 7例患儿 ,PA及其它肝功能指标则均在正常范围。结论　通过PA的检测 ,发现治疗前急性淋巴细胞白血病肝浸润时 ,PA的变化远较其它肝功能指标的变化为明显。     

10例伴TLS-ERG融合基因阳性儿童急性白血病临床病例分析

目的探讨TLS-ERG融合基因对于儿童急性白血病的影响。方法回顾及总结分析2006年1月-2014年12月在北京儿童医院血液肿瘤中心诊断急性白血病且TLS-ERG融合基因阳性患儿的临床特征、治疗、危险度评估及预后。结果 1500例急性白血病患儿中检测出10例(0.6%)伴有TLS-ERG融合基因,其中男7例,女3例,中位年龄8岁,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)6例,急性髓细胞白血病(AML)4例。6例ALL患儿中,免疫分型:4例为普通B淋巴细胞表型,1例为前B淋巴细胞表型,1例为带髓系标记的B淋巴细胞表型;危险度评估:2例为标危,4例为中危。4例AML患儿中,3例为AML-M2型,1例为AML-M5型。ALL患儿按照中国儿童白血病协作组(CCLG)-ALL 2008方案进行化疗,6例均在诱导缓解期达到完全缓解,按照化疗方案规律治疗,定期检测微小残留病(MRD)均小于1×10~(-4)。4例AML患儿中,2例患儿在第一疗程ADE(阿糖胞苷+柔红霉素十依托泊苷)化疗第21d复查骨穿提示未缓解,放弃治疗;1例患儿完成第一轮ADE化疗后骨髓完全缓解,按照化疗方案完成两轮ADE、MIT+ARA(米托蒽醌+阿糖胞苷)、CLASP(阿糖胞苷+左旋门冬酰胺酶)化疗后复发,后放弃治疗;1例患儿第一疗程化疗后完全缓解,后经过2疗程ADE、MIT/ARA、CLASP后骨髓细胞学完全缓解,TS-ERG融合基因仍阳性,故行父亲6/10HLA半相合造血干细胞移植,随访至今。结论 TLS-ERG融合基因在儿童急性白血病中阳性率低,但在ALL及AML患儿中均可发生。根据本中心资料,该融合基因对于ALL患儿的治疗及预后影响不大,但伴有TLS-ERG融合基因的急性髓细胞白血病患儿治疗困难,预后较差。该融合基因发生率较低,单中心资料有限,故需要多中心更大宗的资料进一步证实。     

小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病免疫表型临床特点

急性白血病是儿科最常见的恶性肿瘤之一 ,单克隆抗体的应用为白血病的分型开辟了一条新途径 ,对指导治疗和判断预后均有重要意义 ,我们对 1 995年 2月～ 1 997年 1 2月在我院收治的 42例小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病 ( ALL)的原始细胞进行了免疫表型的分析 ,现报告如下 :材料与方法1 .病例　 42例 ALL ,男 2 7例 ,女 1 5例 ,年龄 1 12 岁～ 1 4岁 ,均为初诊病例 ,除 3例放弃治疗外 ,均接受了 1个疗程以上的化疗 ,治疗方法采用小儿急性白血病诊疗建议(修订草案 ) (1 ) 中的治疗方案。2 .方法　免疫表型的检测　取肝素抗凝的骨髓或外周血 ,桥联…     

肿瘤

063358儿童急性白血病Survivin,bcl-2,mdrl的表达及意义/刘筱梅…∥重庆医科大学学报.-2006,31(2).-215~216,226儿童急性白血病患儿60例,其中初诊急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)30例,急性髓细胞白血病(AML)13例,缓解组患儿14例,其中13例为ALL,1例AML,复发病例3例均为ALL患儿。对照组1     

影响儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗疗效及预后的分子生物学因素

急性白血病是造血系统的恶性疾病,在我国小儿恶性肿瘤中以白血病的发病率最高.15岁以下小儿白血病的发病率为2.73/10万,西方国家小儿白血病的发病率为3～4/10万.儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)在儿童白血病中占75%之多,随着科学的进步,儿童ALL的缓解率大大提高,国外ALL儿童缓解率可达95%以上,5年无病生存率(disease-free survival,DFS)可达80%,部分患儿可获得长期生存,国内ALL的缓解率也已达90%,5年DFS达76%,但是仍有部分ALL患儿复发.因此,对其发病机制、治疗方法及预后因素进行研究一直是小儿血液病医务工作者研究的重点.     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病细胞内IL-6IFN-γ水平变化及其临床意义

目的：了解急性淋巴细胞性白血病(acutelymphoblasticleukemia,ALL)在不同病期单个核细胞内白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、γ-干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平变化规律,并探讨不同病期ALL患儿IL-6与IFN-γ之间相关关系,以期为临床开展细胞因子等细胞生物学方法治疗白血病提供一定依据。方法：采用流式细胞仪活细胞直接/间接免疫荧光法测定42例ALL患者初发期及缓解期静脉血经培养和刺激后单个核细胞内IL-6及IFN-γ的表达水平。20例健康儿童作为正常对照。结果：①ALL患儿初发期其静脉血单个核细胞内IL-6表达水平为81.74±9.31,较正常对照组的5.67±0.96明显升高(P<0.01),而静脉血单个核细胞内IFN-γ表达水平为1.31±0.32,较正常对照组的1.46±0.49有所下降(P<0.01);经化疗获得缓解后,ALL患者静脉血单个核细胞内IL-6表达水平为27.52±3.40,较初发期明显降低(P<0.01),却仍较正常对照组升高(P<0.01),而静脉血单个核细胞内IFN-γ表达水平为1.97±0.72,较初发期明显升高(P<0.01),且较正常对照组也明显升高,(P<0.01)。②ALL患儿不同病期静脉血单个核细胞内IL-6与IFN-γ表达呈明显的负相关(r=-0.476,P<0.05)。结论：ALL患儿静脉血单个核细胞内IL-6水平与其病情是否缓解有着密切的关系,ALL治疗中单个核细胞内IL-6水平下降表示ALL可能获得缓解。当ALL患者经化疗获得缓解时,IFN-γ的水平增高,但二者相互作用机制及其与ALL患者所处病期的因果关系还有待进一步阐明。     

Long-term follow-up of children with 6-thioguanine-related chronic hepatoxicity following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

6-Thioguanine (6-TG) therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia results in chronic hepatotoxicity and portal hypertension. We report follow-up data in a cohort of 10 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 6-TG-related hepatotoxicity described initially in 2006. Clinically significant portal hypertension was present in the majority of patients several years after cessation of 6-TG treatment. These data reflect the natural history of noncirrhotic portal hypertension and emphasises the need to incorporate ongoing surveillance in the transition arrangement to adult services in this select group of patients.     

GZ-ALL-2002方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病临床疗效分析

目的分析研究采用广州地区儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病协作组方案(GZ-ALL-2002)治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的结果。方法对2002年10月1日至2008年4月30日收治的107例初治儿童ALL采用CZ-ALL-2002方案治疗,评价治疗效果、缓解情况、严重感染并发症及治疗相关死亡等。结果107例治疗5周时完全缓解(CR)率100%,除外6例CR后放弃治疗,8例复发(4例中枢神经系统复发、4例骨髓复发),复发率7.92%(8/101),治疗相关死亡1例,本事件生存率(EFS)85.98%(92/107);严重感染发生141例次,包括败血症、严重肺炎和肺脓疡、呼吸衰竭、肺结核空洞、不明病原菌持续高热、严重口腔溃疡等,左旋门冬酰胺酶(L-ASP)相关并发症19例(过敏13例、急性胰腺炎6例其中1例伴休克、L-ASP相关糖尿病3例),无感染相关死亡,未发现股骨头坏死;在标危(SR)组中未出现复发及死亡。结论GZ-ALL-2002方案是目前治疗儿童ALL的先进方案之一。     

培门冬酶在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病临床应用中的安全性评估

目的评估培门冬酶在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)临床应用中的安全性。方法本研究中所有ALL患儿都使用CCLG 2008方案规范诊治;接受培门冬酶治疗的条件是:(1)左旋门冬酰胺酶(L-Asp)皮试阳性;(2)L-Asp使用后出现不良反应。先后共有32例患儿由于对大肠杆菌L-Asp过敏而使用培门冬酶替代化疗共46次。使用培门冬酶治疗前和治疗后1周检查肝肾功能、凝血功能、淀粉酶、心肌酶谱、心电图和腹部B超,临床观察和检测使用培门冬酶后脏器功能和不良反应发生的情况。结果 46例次中无一例发生致死性不良反应。8例(17%)有转氨酶异常;总胆红素增高4例,以直接胆红素升高为主;血清总蛋白降低5例。8例(17%)有血浆纤维蛋白原浓度异常,7例降低,临床无凝血功能障碍和血栓等表现。7例(15%)有心血管系统受累,包括血压升高(1例)、心率减慢(2例)、CK-MB增高(5例)、肌钙蛋白增高(1例)、心电图异常(4例)。7例(15%)出现肾功能异常,以尿素氮增高(6例)为主,临床未发现肾功能不全的表现。3例(7%)发生高血糖症,无急性胰腺炎的病例发生。46例次培门冬酶治疗中,仅1例(2%)发生了典型的过敏反应,以明显的风团样皮疹伴瘙痒为主要表现,有一过性喉头异物感,经吸氧、镇静等处理后很快缓解。结论培门冬酶在很大程度上克服了L-Asp过敏反应致使用受限的弱点;培门冬酶的不良反应发生率低,发生不良反应的程度轻,安全性较高。推荐培门冬酶作为对L-Asp过敏的ALL患儿的替代治疗。其疗效有待进一步观察。     

Blastic transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia: Experience with 50 patients

Fifty consecutive patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia were evaluated clinically, morphologically, biochemically, and therapeutically. Forty-five patients had a preceding stable phase (38 Ph +, 7 Ph -); five patients presented with de novo Ph+ blast crisis. The most frequent clinical signs of impending blast crisis were weakness, fatigue, increasing splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, marrow fibrosis, and a rising neutrophil alkaline phosphatase. Fever (unrelated to infection), skin infiltration, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, thrombocytosis, and basophilia were much less common. The development of aneuploidy occurred in less than one-half of the total group. Myeloblastic morphology at blastic transformation was most frequent with occasional lymphoblastic, promyelocytic, and undifferentiated cases seen. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was present in one-third of the patients, but had no clear-cut relationship to the morphology. Response to treatment was generally disappointing (two complete and 15 partial remissions in 45 treated patients).     

Blastic transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia: experience with 50 patients.

Fifty consecutive patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia were evaluated clinically, morphologically, biochemically, and therapeutically. Forty-five patients had a preceding stable phase (38 Ph'+, 7 Ph'-); five patients presented with de novo Ph+ blast crisis. The most frequent clinical signs of impending blast crisis were weakness, fatigue, increasing splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, marrow fibrosis, and a rising neutrophil alkaline phosphatase. Fever (unrelated to infection), skin infiltration, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, thrombocytosis, and basophilia were much less common. The development of aneuploidy occurred in less than one-half of the total group. Myeloblastic morphology at blastic transformation was most frequent with occasional lymphoblastic, promyelocytic, and undifferentiated cases seen. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was present in one-third of the patients, but had no clear-cut relationship to the morphology. Response to treatment was generally disappointing (two complete and 15 partial remissions in 45 treated patients).     

Phase II study of gemcitabine in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myelogenous leukemia (ADVL0022): a Children's Oncology Group Report

BACKGROUND: To determine the response rate and toxicity to gemcitabine administered as 10 mg/m2/min x 360 min weekly for 3 weeks in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine analog that inhibits DNA synthesis and repair and has a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. PROCEDURE: From April 2001 to April 2003, 23 male and 9 female eligible patients were recruited for the Children's Oncology Group (COG) phase II study of Gemcitabine (ADVL0022). RESULTS: One of 20 evaluable patients with ALL and none of 10 evaluable patients with AML had complete responses to gemcitabine; there were no partial responses. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity and liver toxicity were common during therapy. Only one patient was alive 1 year after entry. The estimated 1-year overall survival probability for the 32 patients was 4% (SE = 3%). CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine at the dose and schedule in this trial was not effective for children with relapsed AML or ALL.     

Increased survival in childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after treatment with prednisone, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, cyclophosphamide, and oncovin (PATCO) combination chemotherapy.

One hundred-sixty-three children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were treated with a multiple-drug induction program (PATCO) consisting of prednisone (PDN), cytosine arabinoside ((Ara-C), 6-thioguanine (6-TG), cyclophosphamide (CPM), and Oncovin (VCR). Ninety-six, 59%, obtained a remission. Remission was maintained with daily 6-TG and four-day pulses of Ara-C and CPM with a single dose of VCR every 28 days. The median duration of remission was 11.5 months. Certain prognostic factors affected induction rate and remission duration. Initial white blood count (WBC) was a significant factor in achieving a remission, whereas age, sex, and type of ANLL had no effect. Initial WBC, age, and sex had a significant effect on remission duration, but type of ANLL had no effect. Relapsing patients were treated with daunomycin and 5-azacytidine. The reinduction rate was 53% with a median second remission duration of 190 days. Overall survival for the 163 patients is 55.4% at 12 months, 31.5% at 24 months, 21.4% at 36 months, and 19% at 48 months.     

Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with low-dose oral 6-thioguanine

Several cytotoxic agents when used in vitro in very low concentrations have been shown to induce differentiation of leukemic cells. We treated 18 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes with low-dose oral 6-thioguanine (6-TG; 20 to 60 mg daily). Four patients demonstrated significant improvement in peripheral blood counts. An additional three patients had significant reductions in the percentage of leukemic myeloblasts in the marrow without a corresponding improvement in peripheral counts. With the exception of a fall in the peripheral neutrophil count in four patients requiring dose reductions, no toxicity was observed. Low-dose oral 6-TG gives a response rate in myelodysplastic syndromes similar to that of parenteral agents such as cytosine arabinoside. Given the ease of administration and lack of toxicity, oral 6-TG may be a useful treatment modality for these syndromes either alone or in combination with other differentiation-enhancing agents.     

低剂量肝素联合前列腺素E1预防重型β-地中海贫血患儿异基因造血干细胞移植后的肝静脉阻塞病

目的：研究低剂量肝素联合前列腺素E1(PGE1)预防重型β-地中海贫血患儿异基因造血干细胞移植后的肝静脉阻塞病(hepatic veno-occlusive disease, HVOD)的临床效果。方法：43例重型β-地中海贫血患儿接受异基因造血干细胞移植，研究组给予肝素钠每日100 IU/kg，24 h微量泵维持静脉注射，PGE1每日 7.2 μg/kg，输液泵持续静脉输注10 h以上;对照组给予PGE1每日7.2 μg/kg，输液泵持续静脉输注10 h以上，两组均用至移植后第30天，以预防HVOD。结果：研究组6例发生HVOD（6/23，26.1%），其中3例轻度、3例中度；对照组12例发生HVOD(12/20，60.0%)，其中3例轻度、3例中度、6例重度。研究组HVOD的发生率低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经治疗后研究组5例治愈，1例死于其他并发症，对照组10例治愈，2例死亡。两种预防方案在使用过程中均未出现明显的药物毒副反应。结论：该研究所采用的低剂量肝素钠+PGE1预防HVOD的方案比单独采用PGE1更有效。［中国当代儿科杂志，2007，9（4）：343-346］     

Remission maintenance of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

This report describes the results of a study of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and combination chemotherapy for the maintenance of remission in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who achieved complete remission were treated with 2,400 rads cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate for CNS prophylaxis followed by continuation systemic chemotherapy with oral methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and cyclophosphamide. There were no CNS relapses following treatment. One-half of the patients relapsed within 11 months, with 5 patients remaining in remission for 27+ to 31+ months. The toxicity was acceptable with no treatment-related deaths. This regimen is capable of producing long remissions in a significant proportion of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of CNS relapse. It has the additional advantage of ease of administration and can be largely administered in the community.