16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与DSA的对照研究

目的: 评价16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉狭窄中的临床应用价值,以及不同性质的斑块对管腔狭窄评价的影响。方法:38例患者同时行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和传统冠状动脉造影DSA(CAG)检查,以CAG为“金标准”,将二者进行对照。结果:16层螺旋CT判断冠状动脉轻度、中度及高度狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为72.7%、38.5%、50%、62.5%;82.4%、72.7%、70%、84.2%;85%、90.5%、81%、92.7%。随着冠脉狭窄程度的增加,16层CT对其诊断价值增高。严重钙化、中度钙化及未钙化斑块对冠脉中度及中度以上狭窄评价的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为 73. 3%、22. 2%、61. 1%、33. 3%; 70%、55. 6%、63. 6%、62. 5%; 93. 8%、85. 7%、93.8%、85.7%。16层螺旋CT对管壁钙化的冠脉狭窄程度的评价仍有局限性,钙化程度越重,对管腔狭窄的评价困难越大,而对未钙化斑块的评价有较高价值。结论:16 层螺旋 CT冠状动脉成像是一种简便易行、安全可靠的无创性检查方法,可作为冠心病的筛选手段和冠脉术前评价和术后复查的首选方法。     

64层螺旋CT血管造影诊断3例手部血管异常

近年来,多层螺旋CT(MSCT)以其扫描速度更快,解剖覆盖面更广,对比剂效应更大,更薄的层厚,结合多种后处理重组技术,在外周动脉疾病显示方面表现出独特的优势[1].我们应用64层螺旋CT血管造影技术,诊断了3例手部血管异常,并经手术病理证实.现报道如下.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像技术对主动脉病变的诊断及临床应用价值.方法 32例主动脉病变患者行64层螺旋CT扫描,并对原始数据采用多平面重组(MPR)、曲面成像(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)、高级血管分析(AVA)处理.32例主动脉病变均经临床、手术证实.结果 32例主动脉病变中,主动脉夹层16例、假性动脉瘤7例、真性动脉瘤4例、主动脉弓缩窄3例、主动脉离断2例.MPR对内膜破口、附壁血栓显示较佳.内膜片及初始破口显示率为81%(13/16),7例假性动脉瘤周围血栓,显示率100%(7/7);CPR简单、直观显示病变全程,显示率100%(32/32);MIP对钙化及管径精确测量颇有价值,显示率84%(27/32);VR能明确病变的范围和周围血管关系,显示率100%(32/32);AVA对测量血管管径、血管横截面积具有意义,显示率44%(14/32).结论 64层螺旋CT血管成像技术对主动脉病变的诊断具有重要意义.     

64层螺旋CT血管造影对Cobb综合征的诊断价值

目的 通过对比数字减影血管造影(DSA),分析评价64层螺旋CT血管造影(MDCTA)对Cobb综合征的诊断价值.资料与方法 4例临床症状为双下肢无力或瘫痪,体检主要见皮肤血管瘤和下肢肌力减退.4例均行MDCTA和DSA检查.结果 4例血管畸形,2例位于颈胸段,1例位于胸段,1例位于胸腰段,3例有皮肤和皮下病灶.椎体、椎管内、脊髓及软组织内的血管畸形MDCTA均可显示,供血动脉主要包括甲状颈干、肋颈干的分支及肋间动脉,增粗迂曲的引流静脉也在MDCTA的图像中清晰显示,且与DSA所见一致.结论 MDCTA可以快速、无创、全面地显示Cobb综合征几乎所有的病变,在诊断和协助制订治疗方案方面起到重要作用.     

64层螺旋CT血管造影在腹部中小动脉粥样硬化诊断中的应用

目的 探讨64层CT血管造影在腹部中小动脉粥样硬化诊断中的应用.资料和方法 应用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、血管探针技术(VP)对70例腹主动脉粥样硬化斑的患者进行腹部动脉血管重组,比较其显示情况.结果 VP共检出病灶59处,测得狭窄度<30%,30%～50%,>50%分别有11、17、5例.VR及MIP均无一例明确显示<30%的狭窄管腔,且不能明确显示软斑块.对单纯钙化斑的显示,MIP检出结果与VP相同,VR有1例显示不清.对钙化软斑块的显示方面, VR、MIP对3处较小钙化斑显示不清.结论 在诊断腹部中小血管粥样斑块、微小钙化灶、血管轻度狭窄等方面,血管探针技术的敏感性较VR及MIP高.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像诊断复杂性冠状动脉狭窄

目的：评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像诊断复杂性冠状动脉狭窄的价值以及对制定治疗策略的影响。方法：选取69例接受冠状动脉CTA检查,提示有至少1支冠状动脉显著狭窄（≥50％）的患者。将冠状动脉狭窄分为复杂性病变和简单病变。前者包括分叉病变、完全闭塞病变、开口病变、弥漫长病变。后者为除复杂性病变所含类型以外的病变。分又病变根据Lefevre分型进一步分为5型。所有患者均于2周内行CAG。将CTA的结果与CAG对照。结果：CTA共检出大于50％狭窄286处,其中简单病变为157处,复杂性病变为129处。其中分叉病变57处、闭塞病变22处、开口病变9处、弥漫长病变41处。57处分叉病变,按照Lefevre分型,有Ⅰ型18处、Ⅱ型21处、Ⅲ型5处、Ⅳ型6处、Ⅳa型5处和Ⅳb型2处。与CAG相比,CTA诊断简单病变的敏感度为92．16％,特异度为98．51％,阳性预测值为89．81％,阴性预测值为98．50％。CTA诊断分又病变的敏感度为100％,特异度为99．12％,阳性预测值为85．96％,阴性预测值为100％。CTA诊断闭塞病变、开口病变和弥漫长病变的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均为100％。结论：64层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA可准确诊断各类复杂性冠状动脉狭窄,指导进一步治疗方案的选择具有重要的临床价值。     

64层VCT对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值：并与冠脉造影对照

目的：评价64层VCT对冠状动脉狭窄程度的诊断价值和限度。方法：48例临床高度可疑冠心病的患者做64层VCT冠状动脉成像检查，检查结果与同期导管法冠脉造影对照。结果：48例共624段血管中，能满足评价的为608段（占97．3％）。64层VCT显示50％以上狭窄的敏感性和特异性分别为92．8％、99．1％，阳性和阴性预测值分别为91．2％、99％。结论：64层VCT对冠状动脉狭窄（〉50％）有极高的诊断价值。     

64层螺旋CT血管造影对肺动脉栓塞的临床诊断价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管造影对肺动脉栓塞的临床诊断价值。方法 30例患者行肺动脉CTA检查,并采用多平面重建（MPR）对原始数据进行后处理。结果 30例均能显示肺栓塞的部位、范围及局部管腔狭窄程度,CT表现为肺动脉内不规则斑块状、附壁样缺损,周围有或无高密度对比剂包绕。结论 64层螺旋CT血管造影是临床诊断肺动脉栓塞最有效的无创性方法之一。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像技术对肺动静脉瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像技术对肺动静脉瘘的诊断价值。方法 对12例临床怀疑肺动静脉瘘的患者行CT血管成像检查。对所有扫描图像行容积再现（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）以及冠状多平面重组（MPR）。结果 12例患者均确诊为肺动静脉瘘，7例为单发，5例为多发，共发现20处肺动静脉瘘，除漏诊1例合并位于近心位置的3处肺动静脉直接交通外，其余病变均诊断正确且无遗漏。结论 64层螺旋CT血管成像技术可以无创地诊断肺动静脉瘘，为治疗方案的制定及术后随访提供依据。     

多层螺旋CT周围血管成像的初步应用

目的 :探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在周围血管疾病中的应用价值。方法 :对 18例临床怀疑周围血管疾病的患者 ,均行上肢或下肢动脉或静脉CT血管造影。动脉系统疾病经肘前静脉以 3ml/s流率注入 10 0ml对比剂 ,延迟 2 5～40s后扫描 ;静脉性疾病经足背静脉或手背静脉以 1ml/s流率注入 5 0ml对比剂 ,延迟时间为 60～ 70s。扫描条件为层厚3 .2mm ,重建间隔 1.6mm ,螺距 1.2 5。结果 :动脉系统疾病 10例 ,狭窄或闭塞性疾病 9例 ,其中 1例合并动脉瘤 ,1例传统血管造影均不能插管操作 ,1例动脉瘤MRA以及传统血管造影均没有做出正确诊断 ;1例为正常下肢动脉。静脉系统疾病 3例 ,其中下肢深静脉血栓 2例 ,上肢多发性静脉瘤 1例 ,经传统血管造影证实。结论 :应用MSCT诊断周围血管疾病有一定的临床价值。     

Multidetector row CT angiography of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease: diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of four channel multidetector row CT angiography (MDCTA) of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities arteries compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Materials and methods: In our prospective study 42 patients with peripheral vascular occlusive disease (27 M, 15 F, age range 40–79 years) underwent MDCTA and DSA within 5 days. Images were blindly interpreted by two radiologists. Maximum intensity projections (MIP), multiplanar (MPR) reformations, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions as well as axial images were available for analysis of MDCTA. DSA were analyzed on hard copies. Results: Overall sensitivity and specificity of MDCTA were 93 and 95%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 90 and 97%. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 94%. Normal arterial segments and 100% occlusions were correctly identified in all cases by MDCTA. Moderately stenotic segments interpretation in the calves appeared to be more controversial, but no statistical difference in accuracy of MDCTA in the infrapopliteal district arteries was noted with respect to accuracy in the more proximal arterial bed. Good to excellent interobserver and intraobserver agreement were observed, with k values greater than 0.80. Conclusions: MDCTA of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities is an accurate imaging modality in clinical practice when compared with DSA.     

Stepped digital angiography with dynamic subtraction: a new diagnostic approach to peripheral angiography

On the basis of our first experiences, a purchasable angiography system for peripheral angiography with dynamic subtraction and stepping (DPSA) has been developed. This study reports on the optimization of this technique and the first clinical results in comparison with conventional screen-film angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in single steps. For each method, 25 angiograms were interpreted to compare the image quality, the radiation exposure, the contrast medium and the film consumption as well as the examination time. Image quality proved to be comparable in DPSA and DSA in single steps. Both techniques showed better results than conventional angiography, especially in the region of the knee and lower leg. Using DPSA radiation exposure dropped by a factor of 2 compared with conventional angiography and by a factor of 6 compared with DSA in single steps. Consumption of contrast medium can also be reduced in comparison with the other two methods. Film consumption is incomparably higher in conventional screen-film angiography. With DPSA the examination time can be reduced by half on average compared with the other two methods. DPSA may come to be the standard in peripheral angiography. Correspondence to: U. Fink     

64层螺旋CT成像技术对下肢动脉病变显示的探讨

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像技术的不同后处理方法对下肢动脉病变的显示。方法:采用4种不同的后处理方法(MPR、MIP、VRT、CTVE)针对其下肢动脉疾病中常见病变:血管狭窄、管壁钙化、管腔内软斑块、侧支循环进行扫描。结果:MPR对血管狭窄、管壁钙化、管腔内软斑块、侧支循环的显示情况按显示率依次为95.7%、91.1%、95.4%、23.2%;VRT显示率依次为84.9%、88.4%、0%、85.7%;MIP显示率依次为87.1%、97.3%、20.7%、94.7%;CTVE显示率依次为19.4%、0%、0%、0%。结论:MPR对血管腔内软斑块、血管狭窄显示优于其他方法;MIP及VRT显示钙化灶及侧支循环有优势;CTVE可以显示血管腔内狭窄及闭塞,可作为其他方法的补充。     

下肢动脉闭塞性疾病64层CT血管成像中腘动脉小剂量对比剂试验的意义

目的 探讨下肢动脉闭塞性疾病采用64层CT血管成像时,在腘动脉行小剂量对比剂试验的意义.方法 连续选取28例临床怀疑下肢动脉闭塞性疾病患者,应用64层CT在两侧腘动脉(膝关节层面)各设置一ROI进行小剂量对比剂试验,明确显示峰值及达峰时间者认为曲线获取成功.分析两侧腘动脉峰值、达峰时间、左右两侧的差异,及其对下肢动脉CTA的影响,并采用Pearson相关法分析达峰时间与峰值的相关性.根据达峰时间采用快速模式启动扫描,并将图像质量分为优、良、差3个级别按节段进行评价,计算优和良的动脉节段数占总节段数的百分比即优良率.结果 28例患者中获取腘动脉小剂量对比剂曲线的成功率为96%(54/56).26例获得双侧小剂量对比剂曲线的患者中,腘动脉峰值及达峰时间差异较大,分别为60～178(135±28)HU,21～46(31±6)s.左右腘动脉峰值及达峰时间差异亦较大,19例左右峰值不一致,差值10～80 HU,平均(32±18)HU;21例左右达峰时间不一致,差值1～12 s,平均(5±3)s.达峰时间与峰值呈负相关(r= -0.526,P<0.01).下肢CTA 616个动脉节段中,成像质量优598个,良12个,优良率为99%(610/616).结论 下肢动脉闭塞性疾病采用64层CT血管成像时,应用腘动脉小剂量对比剂试验可以准确把握扫描时机,从而获得良好的血管成像质量.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the test injection at popliteal arteries on 64-slice CTA in lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Methods Twenty-eight patients with PAOD referred for 64-slice CTA were enrolled consecutively in the study. Test injection was performed at bilateral popliteal arteries (the level of knee joints) and the clinic value of the peak value and the time to peak was analyzed. The relationship between the time to peak and the peak value was evaluated with Pearson test. The time to peak was used for programming of the CT angiographic acquisitions with fast scanning mode. The quality of visualization of each arterial segment was determined independently by two radiologists. Results Fifty-four (96%, 54/56) time-attenuation curves were obtained in 28 patients. The wide interindividual variation in the peak value and the time to peak was observed in 52 curves of 26 patients with range of 60-178 HU,21-46 s and an average of (135±28) HU,(31±6) s, respectively. The difference in the peak value and the time to peak between bilateral popliteal arteries was also observed with range of 10-80 HU and an average of (32±18) HU in 19 patients,with range of 1-12 s and an average of (5±3) s in 21 patients. There was negative relationship between the peak value and the time to peak (r=-0.526, P<0.01). The CTA images were of good (598 segments) or medium quality (12 segments) in 99% segments (610/616). Conclusions The test injection at popliteal arteries was useful for 64-slice CTA in the patients with PAOD, as it could accurately specify the delay time of CT angiographic acquisitions.     

烟雾病数字减影血管造影的诊断价值

目的评价数字减影血管造影(DSA)对烟雾病的诊断价值。材料与方法对13例烟雾病患者行DSA检查及回顾性分析。结果13例烟雾病DSA表现为不同程度颈内动脉分叉处血管狭窄或闭塞,侧支循环形成呈烟雾状。结论DSA可清晰地显示烟雾病血管狭窄程度或闭塞的部位及侧支循环情况,为临床治疗提供直接的影像学资料。     

下肢动脉闭塞性病变的64层CT血管造影与DSA的对照研究

目的对照DSA,研究64层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)对下肢动脉闭塞性病变诊断的临床应用价值。方法对31例下肢动脉闭塞性病变患者行64层螺旋CTA检查,检查后2周内行DSA。CT数据重建采用最大密度投影、容积重建及多平面重建技术。DSA采用步进跟踪造影技术或分段DSA进行下肢血管检查,将CTA与DSA结果比较。结果在216个动脉节段中,2种检查方法狭窄程度显示一致的有157个,被CTA高估13个,低估6个。CTA对下肢动脉狭窄程度≥50%诊断的灵敏度为98.21%,特异度96.15%,准确率97.22%,阳性预测值96.49%,阴性预测值98.04%。结论64层CT血管造影是下肢动脉闭塞性病变评估的可靠方法,可为制订介入治疗方案提供准确的参考依据。     

64排容积CT在冠状动脉成像中的临床应用

 目的 探讨64排容积CT在冠状动脉成像的临床应用及意义.方法 56例临床诊断及可疑诊断冠心病患者包括冠脉搭桥术后2例、PTCA术后6例,采用回顾性心电门控技术行64排容积CT冠脉成像检查,在不同心电相位窗利用多种后处理技术行冠状动脉重建并分析其病变,12例诊断为冠脉中重度狭窄的患者行选择性冠状动脉造影.结果 56例中心率＜75次/min的冠脉重建相位窗多数位于心动周期R波后75%,心率＞75次/min冠脉重建相位窗多数位于心动周期R波后45%,56例成功显示冠脉各主干(左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠)221支,显示率98%;直径大于2 mm的分支(后降支、左室后支、对角支、钝缘支、窦房结支、圆锥支)237支;64排容积CT诊断冠状动脉中重度狭窄患者12例行选择性冠脉造影,11例结果同64排容积CT.结论 64排容积CT下的冠脉造影成像检查是一种安全、准确、经济的检查方法,可以作为可疑冠心病及冠心病的筛选普查及术后复查的首选方法.     

Diagnostic performance of computed tomography digital subtraction angiography of the lower extremities during haemodialysis in patients with suspected peripheral artery disease

IntroductionWith intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) considered as the gold standard, we compared the diagnostic value of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and computed tomography-digital subtraction angiography (CT-DSA in hemodialysis (HD) patients suspected of having lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we enrolled 220 HD patients with suspected PAD. CT-DSA images were obtained by subtracting unenhanced images from enhanced images. The research team calculated the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV), and recorded the diagnostic accuracy between the CTA and CT-DSA images using the DSA as gold standard. Visual evaluation of calcifications in the peripheral arteries were also compared between CTA and CT-DSA images.ResultsAt the above-knee level, the CTA AUC [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 0.68 (CI 0.64–0.72), sensitivity and specificity were 60 and 81%, PPV and NPV were 85 and 53%, and accuracy was 67%. Below the knee, these values were 0.66 (CI 0.62–0.70), 71 and 79%, 79 and 47%, and 66%. For CT-DSA, above-knee, the AUC [95% CI] was 0.88 (CI 0.85–0.91), sensitivity and specificity were 84 and 92%, PPV and NPV were 89 and 97%, and accuracy was 93%. Below the knee, these values were 0.95 (CI 0.93–0.97), 95 and 93%, 96 and 83%, and 93%. The scores for the visualization of calcification in the peripheral arteries was significantly higher for CT-DSA than CTA (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCT-DSA helps to assess stenotic PAD with high calcification in the lower extremities of HD patients.Implications for practiceOn CT-DSA images, the severity of vascular calcification can be assessed for HD patients suspected of PAD of the lower extremities.     

四肢动脉损伤的DSA表现及其诊断价值

目前各类意外创伤日渐增多,各种原因的创伤大多伴有血管损伤或主要是血管损伤,其中四肢血管损伤约占全身血管损伤的1/2以上[1],是导致患者死亡或致残的重要原因,如能早期发现、合理治疗对挽救患者生命,提高生活质量具有重要的意义.