垂体未归类细胞腺瘤1例电镜观察

垂体腺瘤是颅内常见良性肿瘤,对其分类,目前国内外主要是依据术前血清激素浓度测定及术后光镜并（或）电镜超微结构的观察。垂体腺瘤的电镜超微结构观察,较传统的病理检查更确切,对基础研究及临床也更具有指导作用。近几年,我们从19例垂体腺瘤患者的电镜观察中发现1例为未归类细胞腺瘤,报告如下。1资料与方法1．1病历报告该腺瘤患者男,35岁,双眼视力进行性下降5个月,功能下降,查双限额例偏盲。手术切除肿瘤,肉眼可见肿瘤质软,供血丰富。临床诊断为垂体瘤。光镜下瘤细胞较大,排列成片块状,为嫌色细胞瘤。1．2实验方法将手术切…     

肿瘤相关成纤维细胞在垂体腺瘤侵袭性行为中的作用研究

目的 初步研究肿瘤相关成纤维细胞在垂体腺瘤侵袭性行为中的作用。方法 依据术前磁共振（MRI）检查和术中观察,收集典型侵袭性（IPA组,n=7）和非侵袭性（nIPA组,n=8）垂体腺瘤新鲜组织,进行原代培养肿瘤相关成纤维细胞,并用肌动蛋白α（α-SMA）染色鉴定;利用Transwell迁移和侵袭性试验比较两组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,并用免疫细胞化学、Western blot比较两组肿瘤相关成纤维细胞α-SMA、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-9的表达差异。结果 新鲜垂体腺瘤组织中培养出α-SMA阳性的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞,两组细胞的迁移能力无明显差异,侵袭能力IPA组强于nIPA组（ P=0.010）;IPA组细胞MMP-9表达高于nIPA组（ P=0.025）,α-SMA的表达在两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 肿瘤相关成纤维细胞可能通过分泌更多的MMP-9增强自身侵袭能力,为肿瘤细胞侵袭周围组织提供条件。     

垂体腺瘤bFGF表达、血管形成与侵袭性的关系

目的：探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( bFGF )表达、肿瘤血管形成在垂体腺瘤侵袭性中的意义. 方法：用免疫组化法(SABC法)检测 39例侵袭性垂体腺瘤、19例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤和4例正常垂体腺组织中 bFGF的表达,并用第Ⅷ因子相关抗原(F8-RA)免疫组化染色来计数垂体腺瘤的血管数量(微血管密度),探讨二者与肿瘤侵袭性的关系. 结果：bFGF的表达、肿瘤血管形成与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关.侵袭性垂体腺瘤bFGF表达水平、血管计数显著高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤和正常垂体腺组织,而非侵袭性垂体腺瘤与正常腺组织间则无显著差异(t=1.469,P>0.05);侵袭性腺瘤中bFGF表达水平与肿瘤微血管数量呈正相关(r=0.361,P<0.05). 结论：bFGF可能通过促血管生成作用刺激垂体腺瘤生长与侵袭.     

垂体无颗粒细胞腺瘤的超微结构观察

随着电镜及血清激素浓度测定技术的广泛应用,垂体腺瘤的分类也已由传统病理分类逐步向功能与电镜超微结构观察相结合的分类方法转变。从而对指导临床治疗及预后起着重要作用。本文通过18例垂体腺瘤电镜超微结构观察,发现1例为无颗粒细胞垂体腺癌,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1病历报告患者女,34岁,双眼视力进行性下降3年,手术所见鞍上占位,质脆,供血丰富,鞍内正常。临床诊断为垂体微腺瘤。光镜下瘤细胞排列呈腺状,细胞圆形,胞浆较少,着色浅谈,核卵圆形,大小较一致,为嫌色细胞瘤。1．2实验方法手术切除的新鲜瘤组织,离体后305…     

垂体肿瘤转化基因、内皮抑素和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子mRNA在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达

目的:探讨垂体腺瘤组织中垂体肿瘤转化基因(PTTG)、内皮抑素(endostatin)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在侵袭性垂体腺瘤发生中的作用。方法:应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术检测非侵袭性和侵袭性垂体腺瘤组织标本中PTTG,endostatin和bFGF mRNA的表达水平。结果:侵袭性腺瘤较非侵袭性腺瘤PTTG和bFGF mRNA表达明显增高 (均P< 0.01)。侵袭性腺瘤较非侵袭性腺瘤endostatin mRNA表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论：垂体腺瘤侵袭性的发生可能与PTTG和bFGF表达增高及endostatin表达下调有关,其作用机制可能与PTTG高表达后改变了肿瘤血管的生成与抑制之间的平衡有关。     

CD44在垂体腺瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究垂体腺瘤(pituitaryadenoma)中细胞粘附分子(CD44)的表达,探讨CD44对垂体腺瘤诊断及预后意义。方法:用免疫组化(SP)的方法检测 20例侵袭性垂体腺瘤, 18例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤, 6例复发性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5蛋白的表达。结果: 20例侵袭性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5阳性率分别为 75%、35%, 18例非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5阳性率分别为 27. 8%、22. 2%, 6例复发性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5阳性率分别为 100%、66. 7%。CD44s在侵袭性垂体腺瘤及复发性垂体腺瘤中的阳性表达率均明显高于非侵袭性垂体腺瘤,其差异具有显著性 (P<0. 01),CD44v5在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤中的表达率均较低,无显著性差异(P>0. 05),但在复发性垂体腺瘤中有较高表达率。结论:CD44s在侵袭性垂体腺瘤中呈高表达,与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性生长有关,在垂体腺瘤的侵袭性生长过程中起重要作用,有可能作为侵袭性垂体腺瘤的一个诊断指标。CD44v5在垂体腺瘤中的表达较低,与垂体腺瘤生长方式无关。复发性垂体腺瘤中CD44s、CD44v5的高表达表明其预后较差。     

TNF-α和IFN-γ对OSF成纤维细胞超微结构的影响

目的研究TNF-α、IFN-γ对正常人颊黏膜成纤维细胞(NM-FB)和口腔黏膜下纤维化(Oralsubmucous fibrosis,OSF)患者颊黏膜成纤维细胞(OSF-FB)超微结构的改变.方法取6例OSF患者及5例正常人颊黏膜组织,采用组织块法进行成纤维细胞原代培养并传代,电镜下观察不同浓度TNF-α及IFN-γ对NM-FB和OSFF-FB超微结构的改变.结果网池扩张,线粒体旺盛.而IFN-γ处理后上述细胞器减少,线粒体减少并肿胀.结论TNF-α促进NM-FB和OSF-FB的胶原合成,而IFN-γ对两者的胶原合成具有抑制作用.     

脑垂体腺瘤156例免疫组化及超微结构研究

应用免疫组织化学染色方法及电镜超微结构观察，对１５６例垂体腺瘤进行分类研究，并结合临床资料分析。结果显示：来源于分泌催乳素和（或）生长激素细胞的腺瘤占４６．２％，Ｎｕｌｌ细胞腺瘤占２５．６％，促性激素细胞腺瘤占８．３％，促肾上腺皮质激素细胞腺瘤占４．５％，促甲状腺素细胞腺瘤仅１例占０．６％，而多种激素分泌细胞腺瘤比例偏高占１４．８％。讨论上述分类的临床意义及部分垂体腺瘤的免疫组化染色和超微结构特征     

血管增殖在垂体腺瘤侵袭性生长中的作用

目的探讨血管增殖在垂体腺瘤侵袭性生长中的作用。方法应用免疫组化方法对比碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)、微血管密度(MVD)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)等因子在侵袭性和非侵袭性垂体腺瘤表达的差异。结果在侵袭和非侵袭组中PCNA、bFGF及MVD的表达有显著差异性,相关分析显示bFGF和MVD、bFGF和PCNA之间存在显著正相关。结论bFGF分泌强度的改变是垂体腺瘤侵袭性生长的重要原因。     

垂体腺瘤功能的电镜及免疫电镜分类

应用电镜及免疫电镜技术对218例垂体腺瘤进行了观察分析,并根据瘤细胞超微结构及免疫细胞化学反应特点进行了分类。53例为多颗粒型或少颗粒型生长激素细胞腺瘤,78例少颗粒型腺瘤及3例多颗粒型腺瘤属泌乳素细胞腺瘤,11例为 ACTH 细胞腺瘤。5例为促性腺激素细胞腺瘤,主要由 FSH 或 LH 阳性细胞组成。16例肿瘤为生长激素及泌乳素细胞混合腺瘤。无功能肿瘤中包括嗜酸性干细胞瘤(4例),嗜酸细胞瘤(10例),未分化细胞腺瘤(38例)。部分有激素活性的腺瘤临床上也表现为无功能肿瘤。本文报道了这些肿瘤的超微结构及免疫细胞化学反应特点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.