The aerobic capacity and ventilatory efficiency during exercise in Qigong and Tai Chi Chuan practitioners

The objective of this study was to compare cardiorespiratory responses to exercise among older Qigong participants, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practitioners and normal sedentary controls during cycle ergometry. Thirty-six community-dwelling men with a mean age of 59.1 +/- 6.6 years participated in this study. Each group (Qigong, TCC and control) included 12 subjects with matched age and body size. The Qigong group practiced Qigong regularly for 2.3 +/- 1.5 years; the TCC group practiced Yang TCC for 4.7 +/- 2.3 years. Heart rate (HR) responses were measured during the practice of Qigong and TCC. Additionally, breath-by-breath measurement of cardiorespiratory function was performed during the incremental exercise of leg cycling. The mean HR during Qigong and TCC practice was 91 +/- 5 bpm and 129 +/- 7 bpm, respectively. At the peak exercise and the ventilatory threshold (VeT), TCC group displayed highest oxygen uptake (VO2), O2 pulse and work rate among the three groups. The Qigong group also showed higher oxygen uptake and O2 pulse than the control group. At the same relative exercise intensity, the Qigong group had the highest tidal volume among the three groups. In conclusion, Qigong and TCC show a beneficial effect to aerobic capacity in older individuals, but TCC displays a better training effect than Qigong due to its higher exercise intensity. However, Qigong can enhance breathing efficiency during exercise due to the training effect of diaphragmatic breathing.     

Relative exercise intensity of Tai Chi Chuan is similar in different ages and gender

This study aims to determine the relative exercise intensity of classical Yang Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) in different ages and gender. One hundred TCC practitioners (54 men and 46 women) aged 25 to 80 years participated in this investigation. Men and women were separated into three groups: young (25-44 y/o), middle-aged (45-64 y/o) and elderly (65-80 y/o). Heart rate (HR) responses during TCC practice were measured by using electrocardiographic telemetry. An exercise test with breath-by-breath measurements of cardiorespiratory function was also performed for each subject during the incremental exercise of leg cycling. Measurements obtained during the TCC practice and exercise testing were compared to determine the exercise intensity of TCC. While performing TCC, the mean HR of men was 141 +/- 12 bpm, 132 +/- 9 bpm and 120 +/- 10 bpm in the young, middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively. Men practiced TCC with mean HR corresponding to 57.8 +/- 3.7%, 56.6 +/- 3.4% and 55.1 +/- 3.1% of heart rate reserve (HRR) in the three groups. Meanwhile, the mean HR of women was 136 +/- 10 bpm, 126 +/- 11 bpm and 115 +/- 12 bpm in the young, middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively. Women practiced TCC with mean HR corresponding to 52.7 +/- 2.8%, 51.5 +/- 2.6% and 50.3 +/- 2.9% of HRR in the three age groups. The results demonstrate that classical Yang TCC is an exercise with moderate intensity, and its exercise intensity is similar across different ages in each gender. In conclusion, TCC is an aerobic exercise and suitable for participants of different ages and gender to improve their functional capacity.     

Acu-TENS lowers blood lactate levels and enhances heart rate recovery after exercise

ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation over acupuncture points (Acu-TENS) on post-exercise blood lactate level. The secondary aim is to explore the effect of Acu-TENS on heart rate recovery and its association with autonomic nervous system.MethodsTwenty healthy subjects (mean age 26.9 ± 1.3) acting as their own controls, were randomized to receive either Acu-TENS or Placebo-TENS as the first of two intervention protocols, implemented one week apart. During Acu-TENS, subjects received 45 min TENS bilaterally over the acupoints Neiguan (PC6). Subjects receiving Placebo-TENS had identical electrode placement but with no electrical output from the TENS unit despite an active output light. Interventions were followed by a 10-min ergometer exercise at 70% age-predicted maximal heart rate. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously throughout exercise. Blood lactate and blood pressure were taken at 4 time points: prior to, immediately after, at 15-min after exercise, and when HR had returned to baseline values.ResultsThe post-exercise blood lactate level in the Acu-TENS group was lower than that of the placebo group by 1.12 ± 0.39 mmol/L (p = 0.01). The Acu-TENS group also had a faster return of HR to pre-exercise level compared to placebo (9.98 ± 4.54 min, p = 0.047). Heart rate variability analysis inferred reduced sympathetic modulation during exercise after Acu-TENS. There was no between-group difference in post-exercise oxygen consumption.ConclusionAcu-TENS lowered post-exercise blood lactate level and enhanced heart rate recovery after moderate exercise. The role of Acu-TENS in exercise performance and energy metabolism warrants further investigation. (ClinicalTrails.gov Identifier: NCT01102634)     

Effects of shaolin internal Qigong on physiological changes

Objective: The physiological changes of the respiro-circulatory functions between skilled subject and unskilled subjects during the practice of Up-right Standing Posture of Shaolin Internal Qigong were compared. Method: The heart rate (HR), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2), respiratory efficiency (RE), and respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure, and lactic acid in the blood were measured. Results: The high correlations between the HR and the VO2 values obtained from the exhaustion test were observed in all subjects. The higher values than at the rest were observed in the average HR and the average VO2 during practicing the Up-right Standing Posture both in the skilled subject and unskilled subjects. However, both HR and VO2 levels were almost constant during the practice in both the skilled subject and unskilled subjects. The RE values changed in the time course of the practice, whereas the RR values were almost constant during the practice. The average RE showed different patterns between the skilled subject and unskilled subjects, the former increased and the latter decreased their RE levels. In addition, the average values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the skilled subject increased each 10mmHg approximately at pre- and post- Up-right Standing Posture, and the increasing tendency was also recognized in the unskilled subjects. The values of the lactic acid in the blood of the skilled subject increased slightly, whereas the average values of the unskilled subjects increased by 3.4 retool/ 1. Conclusion: Shaolin Internal Qigong could improve respiratory efficiency by the maximum isometric muscle contraction while the skilled subject maintained “natural breathing“. In addition, Shaolin Internal Qigong was considered to influence the reflex system because it inhibited both blood pressure increase and respiratory rate change. Shaolin Internal Qigong fit very well with Tuina doctor training course for promoting the physical ability and manipulation abilities of them.     

Effects of auricular acupuncture on heart rate, oxygen consumption and blood lactic acid for elite basketball athletes

This study investigated the effects of auricular acupuncture on athletes' recovery abilities after exercise. Subjects were selected from twenty-four male elite university basketball players, randomly divided into two groups: auricular acupuncture group (AAG), and normal control group (NCG), each group containing twelve subjects. Auricular acupuncture was experimented to each AAG athlete while no auricular acupuncture was conducted to each NCG athlete. Each subject in both groups performed a ride on the stationary bike until exhausted. The data of heart rate (HR(max)), oxygen consumption (VO(2 max)), and blood lactic acid were measured at four points of time: during the rest period after warm-ups and at the 5th, 30th and 60th minutes post-exercise, respectively. One-way ANOVA and repeated Scheffé methods were used to test the differences of the data between these two groups. The results showed that both HR(max) and blood lactic acid in AAG were significantly lower than those in NCG at the 30th and 60th minutes post-exercise. This suggests that auricular acupuncture can enhance athletes' recovery abilities after aggressive exercise.     

疏冠胶囊对犬心肌血流量和心肌耗氧量的影响

目的研究疏冠胶囊(Corocalm)对麻醉犬心肌血流量(MBF)和心肌耗氧量(MOC)的影响.方法25只行气管插管犬的冠脉血流量(CBF)用电磁血流计测得并计算心肌血流量(MBF),动脉氧含量(AO2)和冠状静脉窦氧含量(VO2)通过血氧分析得出,同时其他心脏血流动力学参数,如心率(HR)、股动脉血压(BP)通过多道生理记录仪测定.结果Corocalm(48.5 mg/kg和194 mg/kg)能明显增加MBF,降低冠状动脉阻力;而且能够降低AO2,同时增加VO2,最终导致MOC明显降低.结论Corocalm能够通过调节冠脉阻力,降低心肌耗氧量,从而维持心脏血液供应和心肌耗氧量之间的平衡.     

The cardiorespiratory response and energy expenditure of Tai-Chi-Qui-Gong

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory response and energy expenditure during the practice of Tai-Chi-Qui-Gong (TCQG). Forty-seven TCQG practitioners with a mean age of 60.7 +/- 9.9 years participated in this study. The cardiorespiratory responses and energy expenditure were measured by a K4 telemetry system. TCQG has 54 motions and can be divided into 3 sets. The result indicated that the exercise intensity of each motion is about 3 metabolic equivalents (MET) and the energy expenditure of each set is about 60 Kcal. The estimated intensity of TCQG in elderly individuals approximated 50% of the maximum oxygen uptake (vO2max) for men, and 60% of the maximum oxygen uptake (vO2max) for women. The findings demonstrate that TCQG is a low intensity exercise and can be prescribed as an alternative exercise program for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.     

心体阴而用阳理论探讨及其临床应用

心体阴而用阳概括了心以阴血为体,以阳气为用的生理特点。心之本体多血柔软,以阴血为物质基础;心为阳脏,主血脉、主藏神、以阳气为用。在此理论指导下解释心系疾病的发病机制,总结其治疗思路,并分析其代表经方。心体阴而用阳的理论探讨对理解中医理论内涵、完备心藏象理论体系、指导中医临床实践具有重要意义。     

Experimental cardiovascular depressant effects of garlic (Allium sativum) dialysate.

The objectives of this work were to investigate the effects of a garlic dialysate on diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) of anaesthetized dogs and its effects on frequency and tension of isolated rat atria. Garlic dialysate led to a drop in DBP (from 112.5 +/- 3.67 to 70 +/- 3.16 mmHg) and a decrease in HR (from 198 +/- 9.81 to 164 +/- 16.59 beats/min) in a dose-dependent manner. The ECG showed a regular sinus bradycardic rhythm. The addition of garlic dialysate to isolated left rat atria evoked a decrease in tension development. Frequency, measured by spontaneous beating of the right atria, was also reduced. Both effects were dose-dependent. In addition to these effects, the positive inotropism and chronotropism induced by addition of isoproterenol 10(-9) M, were partially antagonized by preincubation of the rat atria with the garlic dialysate. The above findings can be explained by a depressant effect on automaticity and tension development in the heart, suggesting a beta-adrenoceptor blocking action produced by the garlic dialysate.     

经皮穴位电刺激对力竭运动大鼠血浆超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛的影响

目的:观察经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对力竭运动大鼠的抗运动性疲劳效应,初步探讨其抗氧化机制。方法:采用5级递增跑台运动建立力竭运动大鼠模型。27只雄性SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组(n=9)、运动组(n=9)和TEAS组(n=9)。TEAS治疗选穴"足三里",电针参数:施以连续波,频率2 Hz,强度5 mA,时间30 min,左右交替,每日1次,连续治疗7 d。力竭运动后,记录大鼠力竭运动时间,用乳酸氧化酶法测定血浆乳酸水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,硫代巴比妥酸法检测血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:①TEAS组力竭运动时间显著长于运动组(P<0.05)。②运动组血浆乳酸显著高于安静对照组(P<0.05)和TEAS组(P<0.05)。③与安静对照组比较,运动组大鼠血浆SOD活性无显著性变化,但MDA含量升高却十分显著,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),其SOD/MDA比值显著降低(P<0.05);TEAS组SOD活性显著高于安静对照组和运动组(P<0.01),MDA含量显著低于运动组(P<0.05),其SOD/MDA比值明显高于运动组(P<0.01)。结论:TEAS"足三里"穴可有效抗运动性疲劳,可能是通过其减少血乳酸堆积、提高机体抗氧化能力、减少脂质过氧化反应实现的。     

Comparison of the effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Wai Tan Kung exercises on autonomic nervous system modulation and on hemodynamics in elder adults

The health of the middle-aged and elderly people is a major concern given the rapid aging population and rising costs of medical care. Low-impact exercise on a regular basis is ideal for maintaining the well-being of an aging population. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is the most well-known and most widely practiced form of low-impact martial arts therapy and has been shown to have positive health effects. A lesser-known form of martial arts therapy is Wai Tan Kung (WTK), which our previous study found to have positive health effects as well. The present study compares the effects of TCC and WTK on autonomic nervous system modulation and on hemodynamics in adults among non-exercising control (30), TCC practitioners (30) and WTK practitioners (30). Our study found that in a short-term, WTK and TCC exercises enhanced the vagal modulation, lowered the sympathetic modulation and lowered arterial blood pressures in the practitioners. It was also observed that the forced vital capacity of TCC practitioners was significantly higher than that of WTK practitioners before exercise. There were no significant differences in the percentage changes in HRV measures and hemodynamics between WTK and TCC practitioners 30 and 60 min after exercise, indicating that the effects of WTK and TCC were similar in magnitude. In conclusion, TCC and WTK are comparable to each other in terms of their effects on autonomic nervous system modulation and hemodynamics, thus suggesting that WTK can be just as beneficial as TCC as a form of low-impact exercise for elderly adults.     

不同频率电针耐受对大鼠脊髓水平阿片肽心血管抑制作用的影响

<正> 在针刺镇痛原理的研究中,有资料表明,低频2赫电针引起的镇痛可被甲啡肽抗体对抗,高频100赫电针镇痛可被强啡肽抗体对抗,而变频2～15赫电针镇痛既可被甲啡肽抗体、也可被强啡肽抗体对抗,     

冠心病心绞痛气阴两虚及兼痰瘀证平板运动试验结果对照分析

目的 探讨冠心痛心绞痛气阴两虚及兼痰瘀证型患者平板运动试验各指标的客观特征表现及其规律,为临床冠心病的防治提供一定参考。方法 选择符合冠心痛心绞痛诊断标准,中医辨证为气阴两虚证(49例)及气阴两虚兼痰瘀证(52例)的患者共101例,所有入选病例均接受平板运动试验记录(1)试验阴性或阳性结论;(2)总运动时间(min);(3)最大代谢当量(Max MET);(4)峰运动ST段平均下移(mV);(5)ST段下移0．1mV所需时间(min);(6)ST段下移0．1mV时代谢当量;(7)测量并计算运动前与运动后即刻QRS波时限(ms)变化。结果 与单纯气阴两虚证组比较,气阴两虚兼痰瘀证组平板运动试验阳性率较高,峰运动ST段平均下移幅度,运动后即刻与运动前QRS波时限差较大,总运动时间、最大代谢当量、ST段下移0．1mV所需时间、ST段下移0．1mV时代谢当量值均较低;运动诱发心绞痛的比率较大,能达到目标心率的患者所占比率较小,两组比较,差异均有显著性(P<0．05,P<0．01)。结论 冠心病心绞痛气阴两虚兼痰瘀证组较气阴两虚证组患者的运动耐量差,冠脉病变程度重,是较严重的中医证型阶段。     

西北燥证相关心系疾病虚证罹患情况调查分析

目的揭示西北燥证相关心系疾病虚证体质类型特点。方法运用病例对照研究方法,设置心系疾病病例组与对照组,比较两组气血阴阳及五脏虚证罹患率。结果 (1)心系疾病病例组气虚证、阳虚证、心虚证、肝虚证罹患率均高于对照组(P<0.05),其他虚证罹患情况二者无统计学差异。(2)血脉类心系疾病阳虚证(20.95%)、心虚证(46.67%)、肺虚证(25.71%)、肝虚证(40.48%)罹患率高于对照组(P<0.05),尤以心肝虚证明显。神志类心系疾病气虚证(68.87%)、心虚证(53.01%)、肝虚证(43.37%)罹患率高于对照组。肌肤类心系疾病仅有阳虚证(15.54%)罹患率高于对照组。结论新疆地区心系疾病以心肝虚证体质为主,但随病位不同、年龄差异,虚证类型构成各有特点。     

针刺麻醉与局部麻醉对慢性鼻炎下鼻甲肥大行低温等离子射频消融术时血压、心率影响的对照研究

目的 比较针刺麻醉与局部麻醉用于慢性鼻炎下鼻甲肥大低温等离子射频消融术对患者血压和心率的影响。方法 慢性鼻炎伴下鼻甲肥大住院患者61例,随机分为针麻组(31例)和对照组(30例)。两组分别在针刺麻醉和常规局部麻醉下行射频消融术。记录并比较两组患者入室10 min、术前即刻、术中和术后5 min收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)、平均压(MP)及心率(HR)。结果 与对照组同期比较,术中及术后各时间点针麻组SP、DP、MP和HR均降低,其中两组右侧第2点消融时SP及左侧第2点消融时HR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与本组入室10 min比较,对照组右侧第1次消融及左侧第2次消融时SP,右侧第2次消融及左侧第1次消融时SP、DP、MP均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。针麻组术中、术后各时间点SP、DP、MP和HR以及对照组HR与本组入室10 min和术前即刻比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 行针刺麻醉的患者其术中血压及心率波动较局部麻醉者小,表明针刺镇痛麻醉效果优于局部麻醉。     

中医证型分布与冠状动脉介入术后造影剂肾病的相关性研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者择期冠状动脉介入术后造影剂肾病(CIN)与中医证型的分布规律及相关性.方法 采用回顾性研究的调查方法,按纳入标准及排除标准收集中国中医科学院西苑医院临床病例共466例,依据术后是否发生CIN分为CIN组与非C1N组,记录患者基础资料、生化、手术、中医四诊、辨证分型等相关信息.观察分析CIN患者的中医...     

Studies on the effect of Schizandra chinensis extract on horses submitted to exercise and maximum effort

The effect of the berries extract of Schizundru chinensis on polo and race horses was studied. The concentration of plasmatic lactate and glucose as well as the respiratory and heart rates of these horses submitted to daerent physical effort were examined. Thirty adult horses were used for this experiment; 20 polo horses and 10 race horses. Ten polo horses were submitted to a 12 min gallop at a speed of 400 m/min, and 10 other polo horses to a 5 min gallop at a speed of 700 m/min. The race horses were submitted to a single run on a fixed distance of 800111 at maximum speed. Blood jugular samples from each polo horse (when they were in the stable) were collected for lactate and glucose analysis before the exercise and at 10 and 50 min after the exercise. Heart and respiratory rates were recorded. First each horse was given a single dose of 500 mL of saline half an hour before the race. A week later the same horses were given a single dose of 48 g of Schizundru chinemis berry extract. Treated polo horses showed a lower increase in heart rate at all moments of the exercise. They also showed a quicker recovery of respiratory frequency at the moments immediately after the race (time 0) and 5 min after the same race. The performance of the race horses was improved. In polo horses administration of Schizundru extract led to a significant reduction of the concentration of plasmatic lactate at 10, and 50min after exercise. Plasma glucose concentration in polo horses showed no significant difference between the saline treated and the Schizandru-treated animals (with the exception at 50 min after the race).     

冠心病心阳虚证动物模型的制作

目的 :探索冠心病心阳虚证动物模型的制作方法。方法 :采取高脂饮食、Pit(脑垂体后叶素 )皮下注射的造模方法 ,建立冠心病心阳虚证大鼠模型。结果 :模型组大鼠近似于临床冠心病血脂升高和心肌缺血损伤———心功能不全的病理改变 ,与正常组和治疗组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )或高度显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :这种中西医结合复合造模方法所建立的冠心病心阳虚证大鼠模型 ,具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON ACUPOINT INJECTION ANALGESIA FOR ARTIFICIAL ABORTION

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辨证治疗病毒性心肌炎浅识

病毒性心肌炎,辨证分三期:邪毒亢盛、邪毒正损、正气亏损期。心阳虚衰宜益气温阳,行瘀复腹脉;气滞血瘀宜补气通阳。行瘀复脉。