食品中检出金黄色葡萄球菌的分析报告

金黄色葡萄球菌广泛存在于自然界，如空气、水、人的皮肤、鼻腔，咽喉等部位，食品被金黄色葡萄球菌污染后，在20～30℃条件下，4-8h很快即可产生毒素，引起食物中毒。监督检验食品中金黄色葡萄球菌是为了防止引发食物中毒的重要卫生指标之一。我们于2001～2003年，对西安市未央区辖区商场、超市及生产企业的各类食品、材料进行了抽样监督检测。共检样品696份，结果报告如下。     

速冻食品中金黄色葡萄球菌检测及存活观察

为了解速冻食品中携带金黄色葡萄球菌情况 ,我们对外地产在本市销售的和本地产的速冻食品进行了金黄色葡萄球菌检测 ,并对检出阳性的样品进行存活时间观察 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 1　样品来源　采集外地产在本市销售的和本地产的各类速冻食品 3 4份 ,其中水饺 11份、汤圆 7份、馄饨 4份、肉包子 3份、豆沙包 1份、馒头 4份、其他 4份。1 2　检测方法　按GB4789 10 94[1] 进行金黄色葡萄球菌检测。1 3　金黄色葡萄球菌存活观察　对检出金黄色葡萄球菌的速冻食品先作金黄色葡萄球菌计数 ,并按产品说明条件低温保存。在初次检出…     

金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基在乳品检验中的应用

金黄色葡萄球菌是常见的食物中毒病原菌之一。目前通用的检验方法 (国标法 )是将样品稀释液先接种于增菌液培养 2 4h ,然后转种于血平板和Baird Parker氏平板 ,再培养 2 4h ,挑取金黄色葡萄球菌菌落进行染色镜检、血浆凝固酶试验进行确认 ,耗时较长。而金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基是一种仅通过观察菌株的颜色 ,便能在 2 4h分离和用肉眼鉴别金黄色葡萄球菌的新型培养基。应用于乳及乳制品中金黄色葡萄球菌检验 ,大大提高了微生物检测效率。1　材料与方法1 1　主要试剂　金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基 (法国科玛嘉公司 4 17 5 g/5L/瓶 ) ,快速革兰…     

一起金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素引起的食物中毒调查

目的调查杭州市某酒店住客食物中毒事件的致病原因,以控制事件发展和防止类似事件再次发生。方法制定病例定义,在酒店住客中开展病例搜索。采用描述性流行病学方法描述疾病的三间分布、临床表现,以共同进餐的病例家属为对照进行病例对照研究,对酒店进行现场卫生学调查,并采集留样食品、环境样品、厨师及病例样品进行致病菌检测。结果本次事件的12例病例临床表现主要为呕吐(100.00%)、腹泻(83.33%)、恶心(83.33%)和腹痛(75.00%),平均潜伏期为2 h 37 min,符合呕吐型金黄色葡萄球菌食物中毒的临床特征。病例对照研究显示鸡肉香肠(OR=10.00,95%CI:1.44~69.26)、猪肉香肠(OR=10.00,95%CI:1.44~69.26)、哈密瓜(OR=15.00,95%CI:2.02~111.17)与发病有关。实验室检测结果显示8份留样食品、1份环境样品(冷菜间台面)、3份病例粪便及1份厨师粪便中检出金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素。结论该起事件为金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素污染引起的食物中毒。     

1起金黄色葡萄球菌引起食物中毒的实验室检测

目的查明食物中毒原因,检出病原菌。方法引用中华人民共和国国家标准——食品微生物学检验及中华人民共和国卫生行业标准——食物中毒诊断标准及技术处理原则,进行病原菌分离、鉴定及判断。另用荧光定量PCR检测sea,seb,sec,sed,see 5种常见金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因,进行分子分型。结果 75样品中分离出10株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中有3株来自食品样本,2株来自饮用水,工用具1株,病人4株。10株阳性株中,有8株荧光定量PCR检测sea肠毒素基因阳性。结论本起食物中毒是由水质污染的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素（sea基因）引起。     

一起由两种食源性致病菌混合感染引致食物中毒的调查报告

目的通过对一起饭店食物中毒流行病学调查探讨流行因素及病原学。方法采集饭店剩余食品样品3份和主家打包的剩余食品样品2份、5名患者和4名厨师共9份肛拭子样品、凉菜间砧板和冰箱拭子各1份进行实验室细菌学检测。结果 12名患者临床表现以腹泻、腹痛、恶心为主;在凉菜间砧板拭子和5名患者的肛拭子中均检出副溶血性弧菌;在椒盐基围虾样品中检出金黄色葡萄球菌。结论副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌在适宜温度下生长繁殖,污染食品,引起食物中毒。     

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染状况及检测方法

金黄色葡萄球菌广泛存在于自然界中，如空气、水、灰尘及人和动物的排泄物等。在我国它是引起食物中毒的主要病原菌，易被金黄色葡萄球菌污染的食品主要有奶、肉、蛋、鱼及其制品。为了解食品中金黄色葡萄球菌在我省的污染状况，本实验室建立了金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶PCR及显色培养基分离培养的快速检测方法，为今后食源性疾病的快速诊断和排查提供可靠依据，我们随机采集了100件食品样品进行检测，现将结果报告如下。     

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种检验技术的建立与研究

目的建立并研究密封包装食品中金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种的检验方法。方法在样品中添加金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种标准菌株菌液,按传统方法通过选择性增菌、选择性分离,寻找合适的生长环境,对分离出的典型菌落经纯化培养后进行生化鉴定。结果金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种在p H为6.5~7.0含7.5%氯化钠葡萄糖肉浸液肉汤中生长良好,用API Staph鉴定卡结合血浆凝固酶试验能够快速鉴定,采用本项目的检验方法,在5类各20份模拟污染金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种的样品中,均检出金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种。结论建立的食品中金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种的检验方法简单,稳定性及重现性好,检测最低限为30 cfu/g,达到常见食品中金黄色葡萄球菌厌氧亚种检测的要求。     

一起由金黄色葡萄球菌毒素引起食物中毒的调查

目的 调查引起食物中毒的病原菌。方法 采用流行病学调查和细菌学检查方法，对1起突发的散在的食物中毒事件进行调查。结果 分别在2个病人的呕吐物和粪便、病人家中的剩炸卤鸡爪，熟食店中的炸卤鸡爪和熟食店中砧板涂拭5个样品中检出金黄色葡萄球菌，对金黄色葡萄球菌进行葡萄球菌肠毒素检查，其肠毒素均为A型。结论 该起食物中毒事件是由于饮食从业人员卫生意识差，造成金黄色葡萄球菌污染食品引起的食物中毒。     

广州市食源性金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素及耐药分析

目的 了解广州地区食品和食物中毒样品中金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素和耐药性情况。 方法 按食品安全国家标准和相关文献对2010-2016年广州市疾病预防控制中心微生物实验室从食品和食物中毒样品中分离并保存的118株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了肠毒素和药敏试验。 结果 118株金黄色葡萄球菌有70株产肠毒素,产毒率为59.32%,快餐类食品和食物中毒样品的产毒率偏高。以荧光PCR方法对70株肠毒素阳性的菌株进行肠毒素A-E分型,其中SEA检出率为29.20%、SEB 17.70%、SEC 11.50%、SED 15.93%、SEE 25.67%;携带两种或以上毒力基因的产毒菌株占41.42%。在受检的菌株中,有104株菌不同程度的对一种或多种的抗生素有抗性,占88.14%;青霉素G耐药率高达71.19%;检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)5株,占4.24%,mecA耐药基因检测阳性。 结论 广州市食源性金黄色葡萄球菌中产肠毒素菌株较多,且存在耐药株,甚至MRSA,应加强对广州市食品安全风险的监管。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.