Studies on the clinical and bacteriological effects of ofloxacin on the typhoid patients and carriers

Fundamental and clinical studies of OFLX were performed against the patients with typhoid fever and typhoid carriers. 1) Clinical and bacteriological effects: Eight patients with typhoid fever and 3 typhoid carriers were treated with OFLX. Daily doses of the agent were 900 mg in 5 adult patients, 600 mg in a child patient and 3 adult carriers. In one case of the remaining 2 adult patients, daily doses of the agent changed from 800 mg to 1200 mg and from 900 mg to 1200 mg in the other one. The duration of the treatment was 9, 14 or 21 days. Clinical efficacies of OFLX against the patients proved 4 cases were "excellent", 3 cases were "good" and one case was "poor". The eradication of Salmonella typhi recognized in all cases containing 3 carriers with the exception of the "poor" case. Adverse reactions were observed transiently in 3 patients, such a slight decrease of RBC count, decrease of granulocyte count and elevation of GPT value respectively. 2) Antimicrobial activity: MICs of OFLX against 40 strains of S. typhi were 0.05 micrograms/ml and 0.1 micrograms/ml. The MICs of NFLX, CPFX and T-3262 were almost the same as that of OFLX, and those of ENX, NY-198 and NA were higher than that of OFLX. The peaks of MIC of CP and ABPC, first choice drug against typhoid fever, were 1.56 micrograms/ml and 0.38 micrograms/ml respectively. 3) Serum concentration; Serum concentrations of OFLX were serially measured on 5 patients through the day. The concentrations of the drug were distributed from 0.82 micrograms/ml to 6.34 micrograms/ml at 6.30 a.m. and from 2.52 micrograms/ml to 11.2 micrograms/ml at 9:00 p.m. Those of the day time showed considerable individual differences.     

Splenic and gastro-duodenal vein occlusion--influence on the pancreatic gland and on the outcome of experimental pancreatitis

The observation that splenic vein thrombosis results in pancreatic changes similar to haemorrhagic pancreatitis initiated the present investigation. The influence of splenic and/or gastroduodenal vein occlusion on the pancreatic gland was evaluated and compared to that obtained after induction of experimental pancreatitis (EP). The influence of splenic vein occlusion on EP was also investigated. An approximately 4-fold increase in serum amylase activity was obtained after simultaneous ligation of the splenic and gastroduodenal veins. This increase was comparable to that obtained after EP. On the other hand, amylase activity in ascites was considerably lower after vein occlusion than after EP. Splenic vein occlusion in rats with EP more moderately increased the amylase activity but did not influence mortality rate 24 h postoperatively. Venous thromboses were observed in all groups with occluded veins but not in rats with EP. Vein occlusion alone did not result in fat necroses. Although occlusion of the splenic and gastroduodenal veins results in macromorphologic and biochemical changes resembling those in EP, the microscopic findings of the two conditions differ. Thus, the results do not support the hypothesis that pancreatic vein thromboses are of etiologic significance for the development of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis.     

雌激素和骨骼关系的最新进展

在70多年前发表的1篇有巨大影响的论文中,FullerAlbright"观察了42例65岁及以下‘特发性'骨质疏松患者.40例为绝经后女性,2例为男性.虽然数名绝经前年龄的妇女中也出现了这类骨质疏松,但是这几名妇女均经过外科手术造成了绝经.     

雌激素和骨骼关系的最新进展

在70多年前发表的1篇有巨大影响的论文中,FullerAlbright"观察了42例65岁及以下‘特发性'骨质疏松患者.40例为绝经后女性,2例为男性.虽然数名绝经前年龄的妇女中也出现了这类骨质疏松,但是这几名妇女均经过外科手术造成了绝经.     

雌激素和骨骼关系的最新进展

在70多年前发表的1篇有巨大影响的论文中,FullerAlbright"观察了42例65岁及以下‘特发性'骨质疏松患者.40例为绝经后女性,2例为男性.虽然数名绝经前年龄的妇女中也出现了这类骨质疏松,但是这几名妇女均经过外科手术造成了绝经.     

A review on the effect of the photoperiod and melatonin on interactions between ghrelin and serotonin

Ghrelin and serotonin, which exhibit rhythmic secretion profiles under feeding/fasting conditions, are sensitive to increases and decreases in the day length and form a close web of interrelationships in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Ghrelin and serotonin are biochemically and functionally linked to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is a circadian pacemaker, and melatonin, which is an internal transducer of photic environmental changes. Ghrelin and serotonin might be candidates for integrating photic and nonphotic signals, such as light and food availability in the central nervous system. The mechanisms that convert a light signal into a variety of physiological and behavioral rhythms remain unknown. However, we know that the conversion of light signals is necessary to maximize an animal’s chances of survival and reproduction.     

Observations on the influence of the hypophysis and the adrenal cortex on blood platelet levels

Observations were made to investigate possible endocrine influences on bloodplatelets. Adrenal cortex extract failed to influence the platelet counts of mice,rats, or rabbits. Adrenalectomy and sham-adrenalectomy were followed by almostidentical platelet increases in mice and rats. Administration of adrenal cortexextract, or physiologic saline, to adrenalectomized rats was followed by a consistent fall in platelets not observed in sham-adrenalectomized rats, or afteradministering distilled water to adrenalectomized rats. Platelet levels in hypophysectomized rats were significantly lower than in unoperated controls. Splenectomy in hypophysectomized rats was followed by a maximum rise in plateletsmarkedly lower than following splenectomy in intact rats. Bone-marrow megakaryocytes in hypophysectomized rats were significantly fewer than in intactrats. No changes in megakaryocyte number or morphology appeared followingsplenectomy either in intact or hypophysectomized rats.

Note: ACKNOWLEDGMENTGrateful acknowledgment is made of the frequent advice and aid of Dr. Abraham White.

     

干扰素与病毒唑联合治疗慢性丙型肝炎疗效及与干扰素抗体关系的探讨

目的　研究干扰素α 2b(interferonα 2b ,IFNα 2b)与病毒唑 (ribavirin)联合治疗慢性丙型肝炎疗效及与IFN抗体的关系。方法　观察组 2 0例采用IFNα 2b 3MU每周 3次皮下注射 +病毒唑l0 5 0mg每天 1次口服 ,连用 2 4周 ;对照组 32例采用IFNα 2b 3MU每周 3次皮下注射 ,连用 2 4周。停药后观察 2 4周比较疗效并检测干扰素抗体。结果　观察组完全应答率为 5 0 %,明显高于对照组 18 7%;复发率为 2 5 %,低于对照组 5 6 3%。无反应率均为 2 5 %。且复发与干扰素抗体尤其是中和抗体有关。结论　干扰素与病毒唑联合治疗慢性丙型肝炎的疗效优于单独干扰素治疗组 ,复发与干扰素抗体尤其是中和抗体有关。