上海地区正常成人第1秒用力吸气容积正常值及预计方程式的探索

目的探索上海市正常人群第1秒用力吸气容积（forcedinspiratoryvolumeinonesecond，FIV1）的预计值和医学参考值范围。方法对上海地区521名健康成年人，采用德国耶格公司生产的MasterScreendifiusion（SN：694855）型肺功能仪测定FIV1，探索正常人群FIV1的预计值和医学参考值范围，分析正常人群FIV1与年龄、体质量以及身高的相关性。结果肺功能参数FIV1与身高和年龄呈正相关，但FIV。与身高的关系最为密切，与体质量无关。正常成年男性FIV。预计值的回归方程为FIV1=-．351＋0．061＊身高-0．027＊年龄（身高、年龄P〈0．001，体质量P〉0．05），医学参考值范围为2．1075-4．9591；正常成年女性FIV。预计值的回归方程为FIV1=-2．457＋0．04＊身高-0．025＊年龄（身高、年龄P〈0．001，体质量P〉0．05），医学参考值范围为1．2783～3．5171。结论FIVl值与身高和年龄有关，建立并推荐上海地区使用本成人FIV，正常预计值。     

慢阻肺中第一秒与六秒用力呼气容积比值应用研究

目的探讨第1秒用力呼气容积与6秒用力呼气容积比值（FEV1／FEV6）在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）诊断方面的临床价值。方法对120例COPD稳定期患者和80例健康者进行肺量测定,前者依据中华医学会制定的《慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南（2007年修订版）》进行分级,分为COPDI-Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ-Ⅳ级组。结果COPDI-Ⅱ级组FEV1／pre、FEV1／FVC、FEV1／FEV6较对照组明显降低,而COPI）Ⅲ-Ⅳ级组与对照组相比,FVC／pre、FEV6／pre、FEV1／pre、FEV1／FVC、FEV1／FEV1显著降低。COPDI-Ⅱ级组FEV1／pre、FVC／pre下降幅度比FEV1／FVC、FEV1／FEV6低;在COPDⅢ-Ⅳ级组FEV,／pre、FVC／pre的下降幅度比FEV。／FVC、FEV,／FEV。的下降幅度要高。COPDⅢ-Ⅳ级组的CV[FVC]高于COPDI-Ⅱ级组和对照组。FEV1／FEV6和FEV1／FVC呈显著正相关。结论相比FVC,FEV6有着更好的重复性,而FEV1／FEV6和FEV1／FVC也有着显著的相关性,同样可以准确反映气流受限,且测试更为简单。     

成人呼出气一氧化氮浓度正常值调查及其预计值方程式建立研究

目的调查成人呼出气一氧化氮浓度(FENO)的正常值范围并建立其预计值公式。方法使用问卷收集2010年7月至2011年7月广州市326例(男146例,女180例)18～78岁从不吸烟正常成人的信息和既往病史。测定调查者FENO及用力肺活量测试及血清常见过敏原(Phadiatop、fx5E、i6)的特异性IgE浓度。结果 246例(男104例,女142例)正常人被纳入最终统计。不吸烟正常成人的FENO参考值是(6.1～41.0)pg/L。以其自然对数值(LnFENO)为因变量进行多元逐步回归,得出FENO预计值公式:Ln(FENO)=-1.272+0.011×年龄(y)+0.023×身高(cm),方程的残差为0.4,解释度为26.2%。对其中185例过敏原阴性的受试者进行逐步回归,其预计值公式为:Ln(FENO)=-1.095+0.012×年龄(y)+0.021×身高(cm),其残差为0.4,解释度为29.6%。结论从不吸烟的正常成人的FENO水平与年龄、身高和血清中特异性IgE(Phadiatop)浓度有关。性别、体重、体重指数(BMI)以及用力肺活量指标均不能协助预测FENO水平。     

第一秒与六秒用力呼气容积比值检测气流阻塞的临床研究

目的 探讨在肺功能测定中能否用第1秒用力呼气量与6秒用力呼气量比值（FEV1/FEV6）代替第1秒用力呼气量与肺活量比值（FEV1/FVc）的可行性.方法 对256名慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者和174名非COPD患者进行肺功能检测,收集FVC、FEV6、FEV1/FVC、FEV1/FEV6等数据.比较FEV6与FVC以及FEV1/FEV6与FEV1/FVC的相关性;并以FEV1/FVC〈70%作为判断气流阻塞的标准,计算相应FEV1/FEV6检测气流阻塞的敏感性和特异性.结果 （1）FEV6与FVC以及FEV1/FEV6与FEV1/FVC均呈强正相关关系;（2）根据ROC曲线结果,取FEV1/FEV6为〈72.6%,其诊断气流阻塞的敏感性和特异性分别达到97.7%和98.4%.结论 FEV1/FEV6能够代替FEV1/FVC检测气流阻塞。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者诱导痰内树突细胞及趋化因子受体6水平与FEV1%的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者诱导痰内树突细胞(DCs)及趋化因子受体6(CCR6)水平与FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%)的相关性分析。方法选择2008年1月到2009年3月在该院住院治疗的患者51例,将患者依照病情的轻重程度分为无吸烟组5例、吸烟但无COPD组5例、GOLDⅠ组11例、GOLDⅡ组17例以及GOLDⅢ^Ⅳ组13例。对比各组患者肺功能情况,各组患者痰CD40、CD86及CCR6水平,分析DCs、CCR6与FEV1%的相关性。结果 GOLDⅠ组和GOLDⅡ组及GOLDⅢⅣ组13例。对比各组患者肺功能情况,各组患者痰CD40、CD86及CCR6水平,分析DCs、CCR6与FEV1%的相关性。结果 GOLDⅠ组和GOLDⅡ组及GOLDⅢ^Ⅳ组的FEV1%,FEV1/FVC均显著低于无吸烟组以及吸烟但无COPD组;GOLDⅡ组和GOLDⅢⅣ组的FEV1%,FEV1/FVC均显著低于无吸烟组以及吸烟但无COPD组;GOLDⅡ组和GOLDⅢ^Ⅳ组的FEV1%与FEV1/FVC水平亦分别显著低于GOLDⅠ组水平;GOLDⅢⅣ组的FEV1%与FEV1/FVC水平亦分别显著低于GOLDⅠ组水平;GOLDⅢ^Ⅳ组的FEV1%与FEV1/FVC水平显著低于GOLDⅡ组水平(均P<0.05)。GOLDⅠ组和GOLDⅡ组及GOLDⅢⅣ组的FEV1%与FEV1/FVC水平显著低于GOLDⅡ组水平(均P<0.05)。GOLDⅠ组和GOLDⅡ组及GOLDⅢ^Ⅳ组的CD40、CD86、CCR6均显著高于无吸烟组以及吸烟但无COPD组;GOLDⅡ组和GOLDⅢⅣ组的CD40、CD86、CCR6均显著高于无吸烟组以及吸烟但无COPD组;GOLDⅡ组和GOLDⅢ^Ⅳ组的CD40与CD86,以及CCR6水平亦分别显著高于GOLDⅠ组水平;GOLDⅢⅣ组的CD40与CD86,以及CCR6水平亦分别显著高于GOLDⅠ组水平;GOLDⅢ^Ⅳ组的CD40、CD86、CCR6水平显著高于GOLDⅡ组水平(均P<0.05)。Spearman法分析发现,DCs与FEV1%呈负相关关系(r=-0.913,P=0.000),CCR6与FEV1%呈负相关(r=-0.892,P=0.000)。结论 COPD患者的诱导痰内DCs及CCR6水平均与FEV1%呈负相关,临床治疗时值得关注。     

上海地区105例肺泡毛细血管膜弥散能力和肺毛细血管床容量正常值的研究

目的测定上海地区105例正常成人的肺弥散能力（DLCO）、肺泡毛细血管膜弥散能力（DM）和肺毛细血管床容量（Vc）。研究DM和Ve与DLCO，年龄，身高，体重的关系并建立正常多元回归预计值公式。方法采用一口气法（CO）测定不同浓度下的肺弥散量（DLCO），使用著名的R0u加n和Foster公式：1/DLCO=1/DM＋1/θ计算DM和VC。结果男性女性。MM，Vc与DLCO，身高呈线性正相关，与年龄呈线性负相关，男性DM与体重呈线性负相关。结论身高和／或年龄是DM，Vc回归方程的主要变量。     

1988年上海地区成人肺功能正常预计值公式的适用性检验

目的 调查上海地区健康人群的肺功能情况,验证1988年成人肺功能正常预计值公式在现阶段的适用性.方法 选取2009年6月至2010年2月的健康体检者,对合格人群进行肺功能测定.根据1988年肺功能正常预计值公式判断结果,以肺功能正常:基本正常为2∶1的比例入选360例受试者,年龄19～83岁,平均(42±12)岁,按年龄分为6组,每组60人,男女各半.收集14项肺功能参数:肺活量、功能残气量、肺总量、残气容积、残气容积/肺总量、FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、呼气流量峰值、用力呼出 25%肺活量时呼气流量(FEF25%)、用力呼出50%肺活量时呼气流量(FEF50%)、用力呼出75%肺活量时呼气流量(FEF75%)、DLCO、每升肺泡容积的一氧化碳弥散量(KCO).采用多元回归分析,建立新的肺功能正常预计值公式.将受试者数据分别输入上述2种公式,得到2组肺功能参数的预计值,将各参数的实测值和新预计值进行拟合度检验,然后将2组预计值进行相关性分析和差异度比较.结果 新肺功能正常预计值公式中各参数的实测值和预计值非常接近,其中肺活量(L)分别为3.6±0.8和3.6±0.8,FVC(L)分别为3.5±0.9和3.5±0.8,FEV1(L)分别为3.0±0.8和3.0±0.7,FEV1/FVC(%)分别为83.8±3.1和83.3±2.6,呼气流量峰值(L/s)分别为7.7±1.9和7.5±1.6,FEF25%(L/s)分别为6.8±1.7和6.7±1.2,FEF50%(L/s)分别为4.0±0.8和3.9±0.7,FEF75%(L/s)分别为1.5±0.7和1.5±0.6,残气容积(L)分别为1.6±0.4和1.6±0.3,功能残气量(L)分别为2.8±0.4和2.9±0.4,肺总量(L)分别为5.0±1.0和5.0±0.9,残气容积/肺总量(%)分别为33.1±4.6和32.7±4.5,DLCO(ml·min-1·mm Hg-1,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)分别为21.2±5.0和21.2±4.3,KCO(ml·min-1·mmHg-1)分别为4.4±0.7和4.5±0.4,差异均无统计学意义(t值为-0.856～1.673,均P＞0.05),说明新预计值公式拟合良好.两组的12项肺功能参数(除外DLCO和KCO)预计值均呈正相关(r值为0.966～0.989,均P＜0.01),差异度均＜5%.结论 1988年上海地区成人肺功能正常预计值公式仍适用于现阶段人群.

Abstract：

Objective To collect current information of normal adult pulmonary function in Shanghai, and to verify the applicability of the prediction equations for pulmonary function parameters established in 1988.Methods Subjects who underwent routine physical check-up were initially screened in Zhongshan Hospital from Jun.2009 to Feb.2010.Those who met the enrollment criteria were asked to take pulmonary function tests.A total of 240 subjects with normal pulmonary function and 120 subjects with mild small airway abnormalities were enrolled in this study according to the prediction equations established in 1988.The age of these subjects ranged from 19 to 83 years old, with a mean age of (42 ± 12) years.All subjects were assigned into 6 groups according to their age, with 60 subjects (30 males, 30 females) in each group.Pulmonary function parameters were collected, including VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF,FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, RV, FRC, TLC, RV/TLC, DLCO and KCO.New prediction equations for the above 14 parameters were established by multiple regression analysis.The parameters of anthropometry were introduced into the new and the 1988 prediction equations to get 2 groups of prediction values.Comparison of variance and correlation analysis between the new and the old prediction values were conducted.Results New prediction equations for normal adult pulmonary function parameters in Shanghai were established.The actually measured parameters were very close to the predicted values:VC (L) 3.6 ±0.8 vs 3.6 ±0.8, FVC(L) 3.5 ±0.9 vs 3.5 ±0.8, FEV1(L) 3.0 ±0.8 vs 3.0 ±0.7, FEV1/FVC (%) 83.8 ±3.1 vs 83.3 ±2.6, PEF (L/s) 7.7 ±1.9 vs 7.5 ±1.6, FEF25% (L/s) 6.8 ±1.7 vs 6.7 ±1.2, FEF50% (L/s) 4.0±0.8vs3.9±0.7, FEF75%(L/s) 1.5±0.7vs1.5±0.6, RV(L) 1.6±0.4vs1.6±0.3, FRC (L) 2.8±0.44.4±0.7vs4.5 ±0.4 (t = -0.856- 1.673, all P＞0.05).Except DLCO and KCO, there was a significant positive correlation between each pair of the predicted values ( r =0.966 -0.989, all P ＜0.01 ),and the variance between each pair of predicted values was within 5%.Conclusion The prediction equations for normal adult pulmonary function parameters established in 1988 is still valid currently for the population in Shanghai.     

第六秒用力呼气容积替代用力肺活量法筛选诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病效果研究

目的 评估第六秒用力呼气容积(FEV6)替代用力肺活量(FVC)筛选慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的效果,确定第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)/FEV6诊断界值.方法 对2007年8月至2008年12月北京大学人民医院呼吸科1210例肺功能检查结果进行回顾性分析,在容量-时间曲线上测量FEV6,应用Kendall test对FEV1/FEV6与FEV1/FVC进行相关性分析;以FEV1/FVC<70%为金标准,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC curve),以敏感度与特异度之和最大为标准,确定诊断界值.结果 FEV1/FEV6与FEV1/FVC高度相关(r=0.964,P<0.05).以FEV1/FVC<70%为金标准FEV1/FEV6受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.997,面积的标准误为0.001.以敏感度和特异度之和最大确定FEV1/FEV6最佳分界点为71%,敏感度为97.7%,特异度为99.1%.结论 FEV1/FEV6与FEV1/FVC高度相关,以FEV1/FEV6<71%作为COPD诊断界值具有很高的敏感度和特异度.FEV1/FEV6可以替代FEV1/FVC用于筛选诊断COPD.     

过敏性支气管哮喘外周血中白细胞介素17阳性调节性T细胞的表达水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)表达白细胞介素17(IL-17)的特征及临床意义。方法:纳入对屋尘螨过敏的哮喘患者27例作为研究对象,健康志愿者25名作为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测外周血IL-17+Treg/Treg的百分比,及其与第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)。结果:间歇-轻度哮喘组(n=16)、中重度哮喘组(n=11)、正常对照组(n=25)IL-17+Treg/Treg百分比分别为(7.51±2.90)%、(19.13±9.80)%、(45.30±2.23)%,间歇-轻度哮喘组与正常对照组无统计学差异(P=0.054),中重度哮喘组与正常对照组及间歇-轻度哮喘组之间有明显统计学差异(分别P<0.001、P<0.01)。结论:过敏性哮喘患者外周血中Treg细胞可分泌IL-17,IL-17+Treg细胞可能为Treg细胞向Th17细胞转化的中间态,IL-17+Treg细胞可能在炎症反应过程中起到重要作用,从而影响了哮喘患者的病情。     

小剂量糖皮质激素结合茶碱治疗对社区老年哮喘患者FEV1、PEF及临床疗效的影响

目的探讨小剂量糖皮质激素结合茶碱治疗社区老年哮喘患者第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)变化及临床有效率。方法选取社区老年哮喘患者160例,采用回顾性配对分析方法,根据不同的治疗方案分为小剂量糖皮质激素结合茶碱治疗组(联合治疗组)和小剂量糖皮质激素治疗组(单独治疗组)各80例,分析两组FEV1变化及临床有效率、不良反应发生率。结果联合治疗组FEV1显著高于单独治疗组,临床有效率显著高于单独治疗组(均P<0.05),但两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小剂量糖皮质激素结合茶碱治疗社区老年哮喘能够有效提高患者的FEV1及临床有效率。     

河北省健康成人脉冲震荡肺功能正常参考值测定分析

目的：通过对我省健康成人肺功能脉冲震荡(impulse oscillometry system,IOS)的测定,探讨本地区肺功能测定中的 IOS 正常参考值。方法对409例来自我省不同职业的健康成人进行IOS 测定,按照欧洲呼吸协会的测定要求,观察参数包括呼吸总阻抗(Zrs),5 Hz、20 Hz 时的气道阻力 R5、R20,5 Hz 时的呼吸电抗(X5),中心阻力(Rc),外周阻力(Rp),(以上数据的单位为 kPa· L-1·s-1),弹性阻力等于惯性阻力时的响应频率(Fres),单位为1/S,R5实测/预测%及 R20实测/预测%。结果不同性别 IOS 参数 Zrs、Fres、Rc、Rp、R5、R20、X5差异有统计学意义(P <0.05), R5实/预%及 R20实/预%差异无统计学意义;与其他地区几所医院相比,IOS 参数 Zrs、Fres、Rc、Rp、R5、R20、X5差异有统计学意义;本研究参数与昆明地区非常接近。结论肺功能脉冲震荡测定技术能直观的反应呼吸阻抗以及各种阻力分布的情况,河北省健康成人 IOS 肺功能正常参考值与其他地区相比存在差异,各地区应有适合本地区的正常参考值。     

Natural history of obstructive airways disease and hypoxia: Implications for therapy

Chronic irreversible obstructive airways disease (COAD) is the end result of a number of disorders: airway damage from tobacco smoke, atmospheric pollution and occupational dust and fume, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, bronchial asthma and a number of congenital disorders of defective airway defence. The clinical features include sputum, wheeze, breathlessness and infective and noninfective airway inflammation. The pathological consequences are airways obstruction, emphysema and respiratory failure. Except in bronchiectasis, the volume of daily sputum and bronchial infection is less than 20–30 years ago. At autopsy, bronchial gland hypertrophy is now an inconstant feature. Bronchial infection probably contributes little to airways obstruction, but the load of activated neutrophils in bronchiectasis is an important feature. Wheeze comes late to many patients with COAD. It is associated with less reversibility to bronchodilator drugs and more fixed airways obstruction compared to the conventional asthmatic and is probably of different aetiology. Breathlessness is of variable severity when the forced expiratory volume (FEV₁) falls below 1.0 liters resulting in disability ranging from manageable to severe. The FEV₁ declines an average by 70–80 ml/year (normal approx. 25 ml/year) until the value falls below 1.0 liters, then the rate of decline slows to a plateau which can persist for several years. During this period, hyperinflation, breathlessness and respiratory failure continue to worsen. Significant respiratory failure may be a terminal event or be present for many years. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) slowly declines in most patients—“pink puffers” generally have a minimal rate of fall until weeks or months before death, “blue bloaters,” by contrast, several times as great. Oxygen therapy, corticosteroids and other bronchodilator drugs do not influence the rate of deterioration. Pulmonary vascular remodelling is an important part of the pathology of hypoxic COAD. Oxygen therapy relieves hypoxia but does not arrest deterioration of airways obstruction. New therapeutic approaches are needed to tackle the steady decline of airway function.     

Effects of changing reference values and definition of the normal range on interpretation of spirometry

Background and objective: Recent spirometry reference studies are arguably the most valid ever performed and the ATS/ERS now recommend the National Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey (NHANES) equations for North America. It is timely to consider adopting these reference values in Australasia; however, an evaluation of the consequences of such a change is required. Methods: We analysed data from 1108 patients tested in two pulmonary function laboratories in public hospitals. Lower limits of normal (LLN) were calculated using European Community for Steel and Coal (ECSC) (1993), Knudson (1983), NHANES (1999) and Health Survey of England (HSE) (2004) equations and used to define restriction (FVC < LLN) and obstruction (FEV₁/FVC < LLN). This interpretative strategy was also compared with the GOLD definition of obstruction (FEV₁/FVC < 70%). Results: Average age for all patients (50% female) was 60 years (range: 20–91). The mean predicted FVC from NHANES and HSE were similar and consistently higher than those from ECSC and Knudson (average 270 mLs). This translates into a 76% increase in the incidence of ‘restrictive’ interpretations using NHANES data compared with ECSC and Knudson, and a smaller increase of 40% for HSE. Using FEV₁/FVC < 70% to diagnose obstruction in those over 65 years would result in false positive rates of approximately 28%. Using the same definition in a younger group (<50 years old) results in a false negative rate of approximately 14%. Conclusions: Changing to either NHANES or HSE predicted values will significantly increase the rate of ‘restrictive’ interpretation, and alter the rate of obstructive findings. The NHANES and HSE data confirm that using FEV₁/FVC < 70% to define obstruction causes misdiagnosis in elderly and younger subjects.     

Comparison of efficacy of salbutamol and sodium cromoglycate in the prevention of ticarcillin-induced bronchoconstriction

Nebulized ticarcillin can cause bronchoconstriction in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed whether pretreatment with salbutamol or sodium cromoglycate (SCG) would prevent this side-effect using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Fifteen children with CF received pretreatments of saline, SCG, or salbutamol, in random order, one on each day. Baseline lung function was measured before and after pretreatment, and after ticarcillin nebulization. On the control day (saline pretreatment), ticarcillin caused a reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), which was maximal 10 minutes after receiving the aerosol and persisted for 120 minutes. The mean maximal fall in FEV₁, was 9%. Pretreatment with salbutamol abolished the fall in FEV, seen with ticarcillin at all time points. Pretreatment with SCG diminished the maximal fall in FEV₁, at 10 minutes (mean, 4%) and resulted in the FEV, returning to baseline within 120 minutes. These data suggest that pretreatment with salbutamol is more effective in preventing ticarcillin-induced bronchoconstriction in the doses used in routine clinical practice, than it is with SCG. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:311–315. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

河南省健康人群外周血T淋巴细胞14种表型正常参考值的建立及意义

目的 建立中国健康成人血液淋巴细胞14种表型的正常参考值，为机体免疫状态的分析和研究提供参考范围。方法 用Multi TEST四色特异性T淋巴细胞亚群荧光抗体对82例(17～66岁)河南省健康人血液进行荧光标记，FACSCallibur流式细胞仪检测样品，Multiset程序获取数据并分析结果。结果 获得了82例健康正常人外周T淋巴细胞14种表型(CD3，CD4^ CD3^ ，CD8^ CD3^ ，CD45RO^ ／CD4^ ,CIM5RA^ /CD4^ ，CD45RA^ CD45RO^ ／CD4^ ，CD45RO^ ／CD8^ ，CD45RA^ ／CD8^ ，CD45RA^ CD45RO^ ／CD8^ /CD38^ ／CD8^ ，HLA-DR^ ／CD8^ ，CD38^ HLA-DR^ ／CD8^ ，CD62L^ /CD4^ ，CD62L^ CD45RA^ ／CD4^ )绝对计数和百分率的均值和标准差。结论 建立了正常人14种免疫表型的正常值范围，为基础研究和临床研究提供了全面反映细胞免疫状况的参考范围。     

Cross-sectional area reference values for high-resolution ultrasonography of the lower extremity nerves in healthy Korean adults

The cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values of the lower extremity nerves in Asians have been rarely reported. For this study, 107 sex- and age-matched, healthy subjects with a mean age of 46 years (range, 24–75 years) were recruited. All subjects underwent standardized nerve conduction studies of the upper and lower extremities. The CSA was measured unilaterally at 12 sites in the lower extremity nerves, including the femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, sciatic, common peroneal, superficial peroneal, deep peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves. The CSA significantly correlated with height, weight, and body mass index. The CSA was significantly larger in males than females at most nerves except for the lateral femoral cutaneous, common peroneal (fibular head), and superficial peroneal nerves (distal calf). There was no statistically significant difference between the age groups except for the tibial nerve (ankle). The results of this study provide CSA reference values for the lower extremity nerves including small branches and the values can be useful in the ultrasonographic investigation of various peripheral neuropathies in East Asian populations.     

湖北省健康青少年及成人外周血T淋巴细胞正常值研究

目的建立湖北省健康青少年及成人外周血T淋巴细胞正常参考值。方法用MultiTEST 4色荧光抗体对342例10~59岁湖北健康青少年及成人外周血进行标记,用BD公司FACSCalibur流式细胞仪检测并分析结果,SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学处理。结果湖北10~59岁健康青少年及成人外周血CD3 、CD4 CD3 和CD8 CD3 绝对数及CD4 /CD8 比值均值分别为(1 427.94±481.93)/mm3,(865.73±289.97)/mm3,(556.64±249.70)/mm3,1.72±0.65;CD3 、CD4 CD3 和CD8 CD3 百分率分别为(67.88±8.56)%,(41.40±6.53)%,(26.48±7.15)%。T淋巴细胞绝对数在不同性别间差异无统计学意义,但CD3 和CD4 CD3 百分率差异有统计学意义。10~18岁青少年T淋巴细胞正常值与19~59岁成人的相比较有统计学意义。结论初步建立了湖北省健康青少年及成人外周血T淋巴细胞正常参考值。应分别建立青少年和成人的T淋巴细胞正常参考值及抗病毒治疗标准,为艾滋病防治工作提供参考。     

Cross-sectional area reference values for high-resolution ultrasonography of the upper extremity nerves in healthy Asian adults

In this study, multiple-site, cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values were established for major peripheral nerves, including small branches, in the upper extremity of a healthy Asian population.This study included 107 prospectively recruited age-matched, healthy subjects with a mean age of 46 years (range, 24–75 years). All subjects underwent standardized nerve conduction studies for the median, ulnar, peroneal, posterior tibial, and sural nerves. CSA was measured unilaterally at 21 sites of the median, ulnar, radial, posterior interosseous, superficial radial sensory, musculocutaneous, lateral antebrachial cutaneous, and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves.According to their age, the subjects were assigned to the younger group (20–40 years, n = 40), the middle group (40–59 years, n = 40), and the older group (60–80 years, n = 27). The significant differences of CSA values between age groups were found only at certain sites, such as the median (wrist, P = .003), ulnar (medial epicondyle, P = .031; forearm, P = .022), radial (antecubital fossa, P = .037), and superficial radial sensory nerve (P = .028). The CSA significantly correlated with gender, height, weight, and body mass index.This study provides CSA reference values for nerves, including small sensory nerves in the upper extremity, which can be useful in the ultrasonographic investigation of various peripheral neuropathies in the upper extremity.