髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的特点及治疗策略研究

目的探讨髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的损伤特点、治疗策略及疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2021年6月期间南京医科大学第一附属医院及合作医院骨科收治的15例髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折患者资料。男10例, 女5例;年龄为26～68岁, 平均47.1岁。根据损伤特点选择治疗方式:3例无髋关节脱位且股骨颈骨折不完全移位者, 股骨颈骨折行闭合复位内固定;7例无髋关节脱位但股骨颈骨折完全移位者, 股骨颈骨折先尝试闭合复位, 不成功则行切开复位内固定;5例合并髋关节脱位(2例前脱位和3例后脱位)者, 股骨颈骨折行切开复位内固定。髋臼骨折根据其分型选择合适手术入路固定。记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合情况、患髋功能及随访期间股骨头缺血性坏死(NFH)等并发症的发生情况。结果本组患者手术时间为170～540 min, 平均210 min;术中出血量为300～7 900 mL, 平均800 mL。术后X线片示所有髋臼骨折和股骨颈骨折均达到解剖复位或满意复位。15例患者术后获1～13年(平均4年)随访。1例患者术后1年因骨折不愈合而行全髋关节置换术, 其余14例患者骨折均一期愈合。末次随访时根...     

髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗方法及其疗效。方法2005年1月至2010年1月,本院收治5例髋日骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折患者,4例男性,1例女性,平均年龄38岁。所有患者均先试闭合复位内固定股骨颈,闭合复位失败再根据髋臼骨折类型采用前路或后路或联合人路先复位固定股骨颈骨折再复位固定髋臼骨折。术后按照Matta标准和Haidukewych标准分别评价髋臼复位和股骨颈复位。结果术后随访18．74个月,平均35个月。髋臼骨折4例解剖复位,1例满意复位;股骨颈骨折均复位优,所有患者均骨折愈合。2例患者伴脱位,进行延期切开复位内固定,术后患者出现股骨头坏死,行全髋置换,术后患者对功能满意,余3例患者未出现股骨头坏死,对术后功能满意。结论髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折采用切开复位内固定可以恢复髋关节良好功能,髋臼的解剖复位对术后髋关节功能起很大作用。     

髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的治疗方式探讨

目的探索髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的临床特点及治疗方法。方法 2007年3月~2010年3月,收治髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折7例,男5例,女2例;年龄28~53岁。采用髋臼后外侧入路,髋臼骨折行重建钢板内固定,股骨颈骨折行空心螺钉内固定。结果术后随访8~24个月,平均12.5个月。1例发生股骨头缺血性坏死,行关节置换;其余髋臼骨折和股骨颈骨折均获解剖复位并达骨性愈合,X线片未发现股骨头坏死。结论一期早期采用重建钢板内固定+空心螺钉内固定治疗髋臼骨折及股骨颈骨折,可以获得满意的效果。     

复杂性髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折及多处骨折的治疗与对策

目的:探索复杂性髋臼骨折(complex acetabular fractures,CAF)合并同侧股骨颈骨折及多处骨折的治疗方法与对策。方法:2000年8月-2005年3月,收治复杂性髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈及多处骨折12例,男7例,女5例;年龄24～51岁,平均37.5岁,皆系高能量损伤。合并其他部位骨折23处,平均2.6处。采用改良髋臼入路,应用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统(ATMFS)、空心加压螺钉、Richard钉、交锁髓内钉、天鹅记忆接骨器(SMC)等固定骶髂关节分离、复杂性髋臼骨折、股骨颈、股骨干、胫骨干、肱骨、尺桡骨骨折。结果:术后随访6～31个月,平均13.5个月。12例复杂性髋臼骨折均获解剖复位并达骨性愈合;同侧股骨颈骨折也获解剖复位,10例达骨性愈合。术后3～7个月(平均4.6个月),髋关节功能达到健侧水平;1例出现股骨头缺血性坏死行关节置换;1例股骨头坏死合并异位骨化导致关节骨性融合。4例骶髂关节分离获解剖复位;其他23处骨折,均获骨愈合。根据髋关节功能评分标准:优3例,良6例,一般1例,差2例。结论:采用改良髋臼入路、应用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统固定髋臼骨折,同时固定股骨颈骨折及合并的多处骨折,配合术后早期的功能锻炼,可以使髋关节获得良好的功能。     

可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位

目的探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位的效果。方法髋后外侧入路手术治疗26例股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者,股骨头骨折均采用可吸收螺钉固定;Ⅲ型合并股骨颈骨折者采用钛质空心螺钉固定,Ⅳ型合并髋臼骨折者采用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统固定髋臼骨折。结果26例均获随访,时间15～48个月。按D′Aubigue-Postel评分法：优10例,良13例,中1例,差2例（1例股骨头缺血性坏死,1例股骨头缺血性坏死合并髋周异位骨化）。未出现可吸收螺钉断裂及异物反应现象,无深部感染及创伤性关节炎等并发症发生。结论股骨头骨折伴髋关节后脱位采用髋后外侧入路、可吸收螺钉及髋臼三维记忆内固定可获得理想的治疗效果。     

带翼加强杯Ⅰ期治疗髋臼合并同侧股骨颈骨折

目的探讨带翼加强杯在Ⅰ期全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折中的应用。方法对12例合并同侧股骨颈骨折的髋臼骨折行Ⅰ期全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)。伤后5~18 d接受THA,12例均采用带翼加强杯合并自体植骨行髋臼侧固定,股骨侧均采用生物型固定。根据Harris评分和X线片对其临床效果进行评估。结果 12例患者均得到随访,平均随访时间3年9个月(2年1个月~5年7个月)。2例出现异位骨化,无脱位,未见假体移位及透亮带,无再翻修病例。术后Harris评分平均90分,较术前平均改善51分。所有随访患者髋关节功能均有明显改善,随访期内未发现假体松动。结论应用带翼加强杯行Ⅰ期全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的有效方法,这种方法强调髋臼重建结构的稳定性,避免了切开复位内固定引起的股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症,能显著改善关节功能,避免多次手术,减少患者的精神和经济负担。     

骨盆骨折及股骨颈骨折合并股骨头盆腔内脱位一例

目的总结骨盆骨折、股骨颈骨折合并股骨头盆腔内脱位的临床特点及治疗方法。方法患者,男,29岁。髋部压砸伤致骨盆骨折、右股骨颈骨折合并股骨头盆腔内脱位,髋臼骨折Letournel分型C型,骨盆骨折Tile分型C1.2型,股骨颈骨折Garden型。伤后7d行切开复位内固定术,3枚空心钛钉固定股骨颈骨折,重建钛板固定骨盆骨折。结果术后3个月X线片示左侧髂骨、双侧耻骨支坐骨支骨折愈合。术后随访1年右股骨颈已部分愈合,无股骨头坏死征象。按照美国矫形外科研究院髋关节疗效评定标准,功能恢复良。结论骨盆骨折、股骨颈骨折合并股骨头盆腔内脱位为少见而严重的高能量损伤,手术治疗是稳定骨折、恢复关节功能的一种有效方法。     

60例复杂髋臼后壁骨折的诊治

目的探讨复杂髋臼后壁骨折的诊断及手术疗效。方法自2008年1月至2013年3月,以三种体位X线平片、CT扫描、CT三维图像重建技术诊断髋臼后柱合并后壁骨折42例、横形骨折合并后壁骨折18例。采用俯卧位Kocher-Langenbeck入路,开放复位髋臼重建接骨板和拉力螺钉固定,治疗复杂髋臼后壁骨折。结果按Matta评定标准,骨折解剖复位率80.49%、满意复位率8.54%、不满意复位率10.97%。术后早期并发症:坐骨神经损伤1例,股神经损伤1例,髂外动脉损伤血栓形成1例,下肢深静脉血栓形成2例;晚期并发症:异位骨化3例,股骨头坏死1例,髋关节创伤性关节炎2例。结论复杂髋臼后壁骨折正确诊断主要依靠骨盆前后位、闭孔斜位、髂骨斜位X线平片检查,对于判断髋臼骨折部位、类型非常重要,CT扫描提供髋臼冠状面骨折线、骨折块等清晰图像,为复杂髋臼后壁骨折的治疗,提供选择手术入路和内固定术方案有重要意义。     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

Traumatic posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip with fracture of the femoral head or neck, or both

To determine the prognosis and best treatment for patients who have a posterior dislocation of the hip associated with a fracture of the femoral head or neck (Grade IV, according to the classification of Stewart and Milford), we surveyed the records of 201 patients who had been treated for 203 posterior dislocations from 1958 to 1985 and selected the cases of 19 patients (19 posterior fracture-dislocations of the hip) for further review. Each of the injuries had resulted from a motor-vehicle accident. Thirteen patients had had a posterior dislocation with an associated fracture of the femoral head located either caudad or cephalad to the fovea centralis (Pipkin Type-I or Type-II injury), one had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and neck (Pipkin Type III), two had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and the acetabular rim (Pipkin Type IV), and three had had a fracture-dislocation that we could not categorize according to the Pipkin classification. Twelve patients had been treated by closed reduction for a Type-I or Type-II injury; one, by open reduction after an unsuccessful closed reduction for a Type-I injury; one, by primary total hip replacement for a Type-III injury; and three, by open reduction with screw fixation of the acetabular fracture and removal of the fragment of the head for two Type-IV injuries and one unclassified injury. An additional two patients had had both a fracture of the femoral neck and a dislocation; one hip was treated primarily with a Moore prosthesis and the other was left unreduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Surgical treatment and prognosis of acetabular fractures associated with ipsilateral femoral neck fractures

Combined ipsilateral acetabular and femoral neck fractures are the result of high-energy trauma. Satisfactory treatment for this injury pattern remains a challenge, since traditional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is always accompanied by a high prevalence of posttraumatic arthritis and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Eight of 502 acetabular fractures from 1990 to 2008 were diagnosed with combined ipsilateral femoral neck fracture, in which 5 patients' fractures were associated with hip dislocation. These patients were injured from falls, traffic accidents, or crushing accidents. Radiographs and computed tomography scans were taken to check acetabular and femoral neck fractures. All of the patients underwent surgery using appropriate approaches and techniques. Postoperative radiographs demonstrated anatomic or satisfactory reduction for acetabular fractures as well as excellent or good reduction for femoral neck fractures in all of the patients. Follow-up radiographs showed femoral head necrosis in the 5 patients with femoral head dislocations, but not in the other 3 patients. We have seen few patients with this injury pattern, which makes us unable to detect significant differences between the patients associated with femoral head dislocation and those without femoral head dislocation. But by considering the results of our study and those reported in the literature, we believe that for patients with ipsilateral acetabular and femoral neck fractures without hip dislocation, satisfactory results could be expected after ORIF. But for those cases associated with hip dislocation, alternative methods such as acute THR as primary treatment are worthy of consideration.     

股骨骨折合并同侧髋臼骨折股骨头脱位的治疗

目的 分析总结股骨骨折合并同侧髋臼骨折股骨头脱位的治疗方法、效果及漏诊的教训。方法 股骨骨折按AO分型，32-A型3例，32-B型2例，32-C2型1例，用交锁钉内固定；33-C3型1例，用股骨髁支持钢板内固定；31-A2型2例，用DHS内固定。髋臼骨折按Letoumel分型，后壁骨折8例，后壁后柱骨折1例，均采用钛合金重建钢板内固定。本组漏诊2例。结果 9例随访13～38个月，平均22．4个月。按照美国矫形外科研究院疗效评定标准，优8例，良1例，优良率100％。结论 股骨骨折合并同侧髋臼骨折股骨头脱位受伤机制复杂、伤情重、合并伤多、易漏诊，应尽早手术治疗。     

髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.     

手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折45例

目的：探讨应用重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁骨折的临床疗效。方法：对45例经手术复位重建钢板内固定治疗的髋臼后壁骨折进行回顾性分析,男31例,女14例;年龄19～68岁,平均37.6岁。合并髋关节脱位者41例。全部后侧Kocher-Langenbeck切口。结果：45例均获随访,随访时间为12～48个月,平均26个月。按Matta的X线复位标准和Matta改良的d＇Aubigne临床标准评估,解剖复位38例,满意复位7例;临床结果优30例,良10例,一般5例,优良率为88.9%。本组中发生创伤性关节炎4例,股骨头坏死2例,异位骨化2例,下肢深静脉血栓1例,无切口感染和骨不愈合。结论：重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。骨折复位质量、伤后至手术时间、骨折粉碎程度、手术经验是影响髋臼后壁骨折治疗效果的关键。     

髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位的诊治

目的探讨髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位的诊断与治疗。方法2000年2月- 2005年10月,对11例涉及髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者进行回顾性总结,所有患者的后壁边缘压缩骨折、髋关节后脱位均由CT扫描得到证实。患者均采用手术切开复位,对边缘压缩骨折进行撬起和植骨,重建钢板螺丝钉内固定术。结果所有患者获得平均5-56个月(32．4个月)随访,临床结果采用改良d'Aubigne和Postel髋关节评分标准:优4例,良4例,可2例,差1例,优良率为72．7％。1例原发坐骨神经损伤,系骨折块压挫伤,于术后2个月完全恢复。1例因术中未严格保持伸髋屈膝位导致坐骨神经牵拉伤,4个月后基本恢复。1例异位骨化,为BookerⅡ型。1例复位欠佳者出现创伤性关节炎,关节间隙变窄。结论髋臼后壁边缘骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者容易发生边缘压缩性骨折,术前CT扫描可明确诊断,术中要对边缘压缩骨折部分撬起和充分植骨,提高股骨头与髋臼解剖对应率,可取得较好疗效。     

Blood flow changes to the femoral head after acetabular fracture or dislocation in the acute injury and perioperative periods

OBJECTIVES: Acute blood flow to the femoral head has been postulated to be affected negatively by traumatic acetabular fracture or dislocation. To the best of our knowledge, a prospective study that has examined acute changes in blood flow to the femoral head with respect to the timing of reduction and the effect of open reduction and internal fixation after acetabular fracture or dislocations has not been performed. DESIGN AND SETTING: From June 1994 to February 1996, fifty-four consecutive patients with hip dislocations with or without fractures of the acetabulum were entered into this investigation. The patients were categorized into three groups: isolated dislocations, fractures or dislocations requiring open reduction and internal fixation, and isolated acetabular fractures without dislocation but requiring open reduction and internal fixation. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans were obtained after relocations and preoperatively and postoperatively after open reduction and internal fixation of displaced acetabular fractures. RESULTS: The median dislocation time for all patients flow was 4.00 hours (range 1 to 24 hours). SPECT scanning showed a low blood flow pattern in five (9.25 percent) patients. A low blood flow pattern was seen in patients with early and late relocation times. Open reduction and internal fixation was not statistically associated with an avascular pattern of blood flow. Forty-two (78 percent) of our patients were available for follow-up, with an average of 24.3 months and a minimum of one year. There was one false-positive, one false-negative, and thirty-eight true-negative scans. CONCLUSIONS: A global loss of scintillation in the femoral head as determined by SPECT scanning occurs in some patients with hip dislocations and fractures or dislocations of the acetabulum in the early injury period. Changes in blood flow occurred in patients with short (one hour) and long (twenty-four hours) dislocation times. However, the development of avascular necrosis could not be predicted by early SPECT scanning. Until further multicenter studies are performed, SPECT scanning cannot be recommended on an acute or routine basis to predict those patients who will develop avascular necrosis. Operative approaches for open reduction of the hip and internal fixation of acetabular fractures do not appear to affect blood flow to the femoral head. Although a golden time to relocation cannot be fully established from this study, early relocation is advised to decrease the potential risk of vascular spasm, scarring, and subsequent avascular necrosis.     

Ipsilateral fractures of femoral neck and shaft

Thirteen cases of ipsilateral intracapsular femoral neck and shaft fractures were seen. All cases occurred in young adults, with the mechanism of injury in all instances being high-energy trauma. The diagnosis of the femoral neck fracture was missed initially in four cases. The patients were divided into four groups according to treatment protocol: group 1 (two cases), both fractures treated nonoperatively; group 2 (four cases), femoral neck fracture treated nonoperatively, open reduction and internal fixation of femoral shaft fracture; group 3 (three cases), McMurray's osteotomy for femoral neck fracture and internal fixation for the femoral shaft fracture; and group 4 (four cases), open reduction and internal fixation of both fractures. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 10.1 years. There was a nonunion of one femoral neck fracture, while all shaft fractures united. The best results were seen in group 4 cases. It is also recommended that routine high-quality X-ray films of the hip should be done in all cases of femoral shaft fracture to decrease the high incidence of missed femoral neck fractures in ipsilateral injuries of the femur.