高效液相色谱法检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素

目的:建立检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素的分析方法。方法:本文利用液相色谱带二极管阵列检测器,检测波长240 nm,C18色谱柱,流动相:乙腈+水=40+60,测定化妆品中氢化可的松,醋酸波泥松,醋酸氢化可的松,醋酸氟氢可的松,醋酸可的松,醋酸地塞米松。结果:在化妆品中糖皮质激素的最低检出浓度0.5μg/g,回归系数r≥0.9997。各糖皮质激素添加量为5μg时,氢化可的松,醋酸波泥松,醋酸氢化可的松,氟氢可的松,醋酸可的松,醋酸地塞米松的添加回收率分别为79.2%±4.6%,83.5%±3.1%,85.3%±6.4%,86.7%±5.1%,85.5%±3.7%和82.1%±0.8%;添加量为50μg时,添加回收率分别为86.6%±5.0%,88.8%±4.5%,89.3%±4.7%,94.6%±5.2%,91.6%±4.4%和90.7%±4.5%。结论:该方法简单,分离效果好,能够满足检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素的需要。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中地塞米松和泼尼松

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中地塞米松和泼尼松的方法。方法：醋酸氟氢可的松为内标，乙腈-水-乙酸铵溶液为流动相，甾体激素经C18色谱柱反相液相色谱分离紫外检测。结果：被测两组分浓度在5—200μg／ml范围呈良好线性关系，回收率分别为95．9％和94．7％，相对标准偏差分别为4．55％和4．11％。结论：本方法准确可靠，适合化妆品中地塞米松及泼尼松的含量测定。     

化妆品限用禁用物质检测方法的研究（续）

三化妆品中糖皮质激素的快速高效液相色谱测定法研究 我们开展了美白祛斑产品中7种糖皮质激素（包括地塞米松磷酸钠、氢化可的松、地塞米松、醋酸氢化可的松、醋酸可的松、醋酸地塞米松、丁酸氢化可的松）非法添加的分离测定（HPLC-DAD）研究。     

HPLC法测定化妆品中11种磺胺类化合物

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定祛痘除螨类化妆品中11种磺胺类药物成分。方法:在C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱上,以乙腈+0.02 mol/L醋酸铵水溶液(pH=4.0)=20+80为流动相,流速采用梯度变化,检测波长为265 nm,柱温为35℃下检测。结果:该方法各组分变异系数小于3.59%,加标回收率在85.3%~113.8%之间。结论:本法操作简便、准确、快速,能够检测祛痘除螨类化妆品中11种磺胺类药物成分。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中的氯倍他索、倍氯米松和氯倍他索丙酸酯

目的建立化妆品中氯倍他索、倍氯米松和氯倍他索丙酸酯3种糖皮质激素的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。方法水剂类、膏霜类化妆品样品用甲醇超声提取,提取液经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液以Waters XBridge C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)进行分离,电喷雾离子化,串联四极杆质谱多反应监测模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果 3种糖皮质激素在1 ng/ml~100 ng/ml时线性关系良好。3种糖皮质激素的平均加标回收率为80.5%~104.5%,相对标准偏差为1.45%~9.86%,定量限均为0.1μg/g。结论该方法快速简便、灵敏可靠、分析时间短,可满足实际样品的检测需要。     

化妆品中壬基酚的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱测定法

目的建立化妆品中壬基酚的超高效液相色谱测定法。方法样品经固相萃取后,用超高效液相色谱(PDA检测器)进行检测,色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLCTMBEH苯基柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),定量检测波长为224 nm。结果该方法的线性范围为2~50μg/ml,r=0.999 5,检出限为1μg/g,回收率为92%~102%,RSD9%。结论该方法准确、可靠,适合化妆品中壬基酚的日常检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中7种防腐剂

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中苯甲醇、苯甲酸、苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙脂、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯7种防腐剂的方法。方法:采用Phenomenex Gemini C18柱(250 mm×46 mm×5μm)为分析柱,乙腈+0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠(磷酸调节pH值为3.5)为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长260 nm,方法相对《化妆品卫生规范》更简单。结果:方法回收率为91.2%~103.1%,色谱峰面积相对标准偏差为1.47%~2.87%。结论:本法操作简单,灵敏度高,线性好,适合化妆品中防腐剂的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中防腐剂

目的建立化妆品中常用防腐剂对羟基苯甲酸酯类、苯甲酸、苯甲醇、卡松的测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以乙酸铵(0.02mol/L)-甲醇为流动相,采用梯度淋洗,同时测定化妆品中7种常用防腐剂。结果各防腐剂在10~100μg/ml范围内呈良好线性关系(r>0.999),平均回收率为91.5%~95.5%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~2.5%。结论本法简便,快速,灵敏,准确,可用于化妆品中防腐剂的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测化妆品中的甲硝唑

目的:建立化妆品中甲硝唑的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.方法:采用乙腈提取化妆品中的甲硝唑,以Diamonsil C18色谱柱分离,液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定.结果:化妆品中甲硝唑检测的线性范围为1～1000 ng/ml,定量检测限为1 ng/ml.3个添加水平的平均回收率在96%～102%范围内,相对标准偏差在10%以下.结论:本法快速、灵敏、准确,可快速检测化妆品中添加的甲硝唑.     

化妆品中5种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的液相色谱串联质谱同时测定法

目的建立化妆品中5种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的液相色谱串联质谱同时测定法。方法化妆品样品以甲醇为溶剂溶解,经超声萃取后,以Atlantis C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇(含5%乙腈)-水溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,用串联质谱电喷雾负离子模式(ESI-)进行测定,内标法定量。结果 5种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂在0.1~50 ng/ml的线性范围内,所得回归方程的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.991 0~0.999 2。方法的检出限为0.001~0.059 ng/ml,定量下限为0.002~0.197 ng/ml,平均回收率为61.9%~115.6%,RSD为2.6%~8.7%。结论该方法简单、准确、灵敏,可用于化妆品中五种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的检测。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.