吸毒人群尿液、血液平行检测艾滋病病毒1型抗体结果分析

目的：利用吸毒人群尿液和血液标本比较不同方法检测艾滋病病毒1型（HIV－1）抗体结果的一致性。方法：平行采集强制戒毒所234名吸毒者的尿液和血液标本，应用酶免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分别测定不同标本中HIV－1抗体。结果：234人中5人血液标本HIV－1抗体为阳性，其平行尿液标本中4人阳性，另1人蛋白印迹试验确认为阴性。结果显示：两种标本检测HIV－1抗体的符合率为99．6％。结论：尿液标本ELISA试剂的检测结果是可靠的。     

在吸毒人群中应用ELISA检测尿液及血液标本中HIV-1抗体结果分析

目的比较利用吸毒人群的尿液和血液标本检测HIV-1抗体结果的一致性.方法对某市强制戒毒所273例吸毒者分别采集其尿液和血液标本,应用ELISA方法分别采用尿液和血液初筛试剂检测尿液和血液标本中的HIV-1抗体.结果 273例中有94例血液标本的HIV-1抗体为阳性,其平行尿液标本中有93例HIV-1抗体为阳性.分析结果表明应用尿液、血液标本检测HIV-1抗体方法的一致性为99.6%.结论采用尿液试剂进行HIV-1抗体检测结果是可靠的,而且是值得大范围推广的.     

在吸毒人群中应用ELISA检测尿液及血液标本中HIV—1抗体结果分析

目的 比较利用吸毒人群的尿液和血液标本检测HIV-1抗体结果的一致性。方法 对某市强制戒毒所273例吸毒者分别采集其尿液和血液标本,应用ELISA方法分别采用尿液和血液初筛试剂检测尿液和血液标本中的HIV-1抗体。结果 273例中有94例血液标本的HIV-1抗体为阳性,其平行尿液标本中有93例HIV-1抗体为阳性,分析结果表明应用尿液、血液标本检测HIV-1抗体方法的一致性为99.6%。结论 采用尿液试剂进行HIV-1抗体检测结果是可靠的。而且是值得大范围推广的。     

吸毒人群尿液、血液平行检测艾滋病病毒1型抗体结果分析

目的 利用吸毒人群尿液和血液标本比较不同方法检测艾滋病病毒1型(HIV-1)抗体结果的一致性。方法 平行采集强制戒毒所234名吸毒者的尿液和血液标本,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别测定不同标本中HIV-1抗体。结果234人中5人血液标本HIV-1抗体为阳性,其平行尿液标本中4人阳性,另1人蛋白印迹试验确认为阴性。结果显示:两种标本检测HIV-1抗体的符合率为99.6％。结论 尿液标本ELISA试剂的检测结果是可靠的。     

ELISA法检测尿液中HIV-1抗体的研究分析

目的 探讨艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者晨尿、非晨尿和血液中HIV-1抗体检测结果的一致性，引进尿液HIV-1抗体检测方法。方法 平行采集吸毒人员血液和尿液标本，分别用血液和尿液酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测HIV抗体，阳性血清标本送云南省疾病预防控制中心确认。结果 检测483人，血检阳性91人，晨尿检测阳性96人，两种方法一致性98．96％。对应晨尿阳性者采集非晨尿和阴性对照尿液标本各91份(其中血液标本检测HIV抗体阳性者86份)，检出阳性86份，阴性5份，非晨尿标本与血液标本检测结果一致。以血液标本检测结果为准，晨尿标本检测HIV-1抗体的灵敏度100％，特异度98．72％；非晨尿标本检测HIV-1抗体的灵敏度和特异度均为100％。结论 尿液ELISA法检测HIV-1抗体结果可靠，非晨尿可代替晨尿作HIV-1抗体筛查。     

一种唾液快速检测HIV-1/2型抗体试剂的现场评价

目的对一种唾液快速检测艾滋病病毒Ⅰ/Ⅱ型(HIV-1/2)抗体试剂进行现场评价,考核其现场使用的敏感性和特异性,以及与血液HIV-1/2抗体检测试剂的一致性。方法采集247例已知HIV感染者、1 090例正常献血人员、60例患有其它疾病的患者(包括孕妇、肿瘤患者、一般疾病患者),以及109例HCV感染者和119例未知HIV感染状况的吸毒人员的唾液标本,现场使用Vanguard OMTTM唾液HIV-1/2抗体快速检测试剂盒(CalypteBiomedical生产)进行检测,同时平行采集上述人群的血液标本,使用Vironostika HIV Uni-FormⅡplus O(BioMerieux生产)进行对比测试。结果247例已知HIV感染者中,247例唾液标本HIV-1/2型抗体检测均为阳性。1 259例血液酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HIV抗体阴性人群中,1 257例唾液检测为阴性,2例为阳性。119例吸毒人员中,28例血液标本HIV阳性中,唾液标本检出27例。91例HIV阴性中检出阴性90例。该唾液HIV抗体快速检测试剂,敏感性为99.64%,特异性为99.78%。与ELISA检测的一致性为99.75%。结论唾液HIV-1/2型抗体检测试剂与现行的血液ELISA检测结果相近。唾液标本的采集方便而且危险性小,推荐在采血较困难的人群、基层医疗机构、VCT门诊等,可考虑使用唾液HIV-1/2型抗体快速检测试剂进行HIV抗体初筛检测。     

ELISA检测HIV感染者尿液标本中抗HIV—1抗体结果分析

目的 利用尿液标本检测抗HIV-1抗体。方法 通过ELISA方法检测50例抗HIV-1抗体阳性感染者及100例抗HIV-1抗体阴性对照组尿液中抗HIV-1抗。结果 显示在50例HIV感染者中有49例尿液抗HIV-1抗体阳性,1例阴性;对照组中尿液中均未检测出抗HIV-1抗体,以血液标本为标准,检测尿液抗HIV-1抗体的灵敏性为98.0%,特异性为100%,尿液标本与血液标本检测的一致性达99.3%。结论 本实验提示在采集血液标本不便的情况下。可通过尿液抗HIV-1抗体的检测对高危人群的HIV感染情况进行监测和筛查。     

尿液HIV抗体胶体金检测方法性能评价

目的对国家"十三五"重大专项课题研发的2个尿液艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测试剂(胶体金法)的检测性能进行临床试验前评价。方法用HIV1/2抗体尿液国家参考品对胶体金法HIV尿液抗体检测试剂进行检验评估;用541份未接受抗病毒治疗(ART)、72份接受ART的HIV抗体确证阳性者、214份HIV抗体阴性者尿液样本,以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)尿液HIV抗体检测试剂作为对照,比较两种方法的敏感性与特异性及ART对胶体金法尿液HIV抗体检测结果的影响。结果 HIV1/2抗体尿液国家参考品检测结果显示,两个胶体金法HIV尿液抗体检测试剂能达到该参考品检测要求;未进行ART的541份样本中,两个尿液胶体金法与ELISA法HIV抗体检测试剂敏感性分别为98.52%(533例),97.04%(525例)与98.89%(535例),特异性均为100%。两个尿液胶体金检测结果与尿液ELISA检测结果相比、尿液HIV抗体检测结果与血液HIV抗体检测结果相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。72例ART病人样本,两个胶体金法与ELISA法尿液HIV抗体检测试剂的检测敏感性分别为58.33%(42例),52.78%(38例)与70.83%(51例),经卡方检验两个尿液胶体金法与ELISA法敏感性差异无统计学意义(P0.05),尿液胶体金法与ELISA法HIV抗体检测结果与血液HIV抗体检测结果差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胶体金法尿液HIV抗体检测试剂盒的敏感性与特异性与已经上市的ELISA没有差别,可用于高危人群HIV筛查,接受ART的HIV感染者/艾滋病病人不适用尿液抗体检测。     

应用ELISA检测尿液与血液标本中HIV-1抗体的体会

目的比较应用ELISA检测尿液和血液中HIV-1抗体结果的一致性.方法对470名被检测者平行采集尿液和血液标本,应用ELISA方法分别采用尿和血初筛试剂检测尿和血标本中的HIV-1抗体.结果采集到470名被检测者尿液,2份样本检测结果为阳性,采集到447名被检测者血液,初筛和确认同有2份标本阳性.分析结果表明应用尿、血标本检测HIV-1抗体方法的一致性为100%.结论采用尿试剂进行HIV-1抗体检测值得大范围推广使用.     

ELISA检测HIV感染者尿液标本中抗HIV-1抗体结果分析

目的利用尿液标本检测抗HIV-1抗体.方法通过ELISA方法检测50例抗HIV-1抗体阳性感染者及100例抗HIV-1抗体阴性对照组尿液中抗HIV-1抗体.结果显示在50例HIV感染者中有49例尿液抗HIV-1抗体阳性,1例阴性;对照组中尿液中均未检测出抗HIV-1抗体,以血液标本为标准,检测尿液抗HIV-1抗体的灵敏性为98.0%,特异性为100%.尿液标本与血液标本检测的一致性达99.3%.结论本实验提示在采集血液标本不便的情况下,可通过尿液抗HIV-1抗体的检测对高危人群的HIV感染情况进行监测和筛查.     

我国现行HIV检测策略和方法的应用评价

目的评价我国现行HIV检测方法和程序的应用效果.方法按照我国<全国艾滋病检测工作规范>规定的方法和程序,分3个步骤对7 502份职业献血员的血清标本进行了HIV抗体检测,用一种国产试剂进行初筛,阳性标本用原有试剂和另外一种不同原理的试剂进行复核,两种试剂均阳性和一阴一阳的标本用免疫印迹试剂进行确认.结果初筛能够发现所有的HIV阳性,排除98.8%HIV阴性,但是有0.9%假阳性;复核实验能够在确认之前排除93.9%假阳性.确认实验最终确认19份标本HIV抗体阳性,4份标本HIV抗体可疑.90.9%假阳性和75.0%可疑标本的s/CO值在1.000～1.999之间,而94.7%阳性标本的s/CO值在5.000以上.结论复核实验对于有效排除假阳性,提高确认的效率,减少开支很有必要.s/CO值≥5.000预示阳性的价值比较大,s/CO值在1.000～1.999范围内多为假阳性或可疑.     

Detection of HIV antibodies in saliva as a tool for epidemiological studies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of saliva specimens for the detection of HIV antibodies among high-risk groups in epidemiological studies. DESIGN: Testing of saliva specimens collected by different methods from individuals with known HIV status. The most reliable method was examined for its usefulness in a field study among a high-risk group. METHODS: Saliva samples were obtained either by using a cotton-wool roll ('Salivette') or as 'whole saliva'. HIV antibodies were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Confirmation was performed using a line immunoassay or an immunoblot assay. RESULTS: In 'Salivette' samples, HIV antibodies were detected by ELISA in seven out of 22 seropositive individuals. In contrast, testing of 'whole saliva' samples from 79 HIV-seropositive and 115 HIV-seronegative individuals resulted in a 100% correlation with HIV serum status. The positive reaction of 20 'whole saliva' specimens was confirmed in a line immunoassay, whereas in an immunoblot assay only seven specimens were positive, one negative, and 12 indeterminate. In an HIV prevalence study among drug users, 395 'whole saliva' samples were tested in two different ELISA. Both assays showed complete agreement in detecting 58 positive and 337 negative samples. All positive samples were confirmed by the line immunoassay. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that 'whole saliva' specimens are a good alternative to blood samples in epidemiological studies of HIV prevalence in high-risk groups.     

Lack of endemic HIV infection in Venezuela

A seroepidemiological survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was recently conducted in 556 serum samples from donors in rural and urban areas of Venezuela and from aboriginal Amazonian Indians. The samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV by the ELISA technique using several commercially available kits. 19 samples were positive. These samples then were tested by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation techniques as confirmatory assays. 4 seropositive control samples from patients from Caracas with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) were analyzed. None of the samples from rural or aboriginal Indians could be confirmed by these assays. These sera also were evaluated for antibodies to STLV-3 by Western blot analysis. No positive samples were identified. The results fail to support earlier studies suggesting that HIV or a related virus is endemic in the Venezuelan population.     

HIV infection in Egypt: a two and a half year surveillance

From April 1986 to mid-October 1988, 19,767 blood samples from individuals of 27 Governorates in Egypt were screened for antibodies to HIV-1. Risk groups included: drug addicts, prostitutes, patients with sexually transmitted diseases or fever of unknown origin, blood or blood product recipients, patients with mental disorders, and contacts of HIV-infected persons. Sera from routine blood donors and foreigners were also tested. All samples which reacted repeatedly by commercial ELISAs were assessed by Western blot (DuPont) for confirmation. Results indicated that 139 (0.70%) of the sera produced repeatedly reactive results by ELISA. Sixty-nine of these were confirmed by Western blot as HIV seropositive. This constituted 0.35% of the total population tested. Only 26 (0.15%) of the Egyptians tested were positive and a total of seven sero-positive individuals were classified as having clinical AIDS. All Egyptian blood donors were negative. Data generated during this 2.5-year HIV serosurvey indicate that the prevalence of confirmed HIV infection in Egypt was exceptionally low, and suggest that HIV is not endemic in Egypt, since all 26 sero-positive Egyptians were linked to HIV exposure abroad.     

干血点法检测HIV-1抗体在高危人群普查中的应用

目的 采用干血点法检测艾滋病病毒1型(HIV-1)抗体。方法 用干血点法对391例吸毒者、HIV感染的高危人群进行了HIV-1抗体的检测，并用常规酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行对比，阳性结果用免疫印迹法(WB)进行确认。结果 391例吸毒者中，共检出39例阳性，阳性率为9．95％，干血点法与ELISA法的结果完全一致，结果符合率为100％。39例阳性经WB法确认为HIV感染。结论 干血点法进行HIV-1抗体检测准确可靠，有较高的灵敏度与特异性，成本低廉，标本易采集，且样本无传染性，方便邮寄等诸多优点，可以广泛应用于流行病学调查，家庭匿名检测HIV及不便采血的广大农村地区。     

HIV-1 infection in HIV-1 enzyme-linked immunoassay seronegative patients in Kinshasa, Zaire

Serum samples of 62 African patients who had clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection but were seronegative for HIV-1 by ELISA (Organon) were subsequently further tested by another HIV-1 ELISA test (Wellcozyme), HIV-1 IgG Western blot, HIV-1 antigen detection and HIV-2 ELISA. Patients' lymphocytes were cultured for HIV-1 and 2. Because of limited quantities of serum available all tests were not performed on all samples. Seven (26%) of 27 sera of patients meeting the WHO clinical case definition of AIDS were Western-blot-positive. In contrast, of 35 patients' sera with possible HIV related disease, only one (3%) was Western blot positive (P = 0.02) and none of 75 sera from HIV-1 ELISA (Organon) seronegative blood donors (P less than 0.01) were Western blot positive. Of 30 HIV-1 ELISA (Organon) seronegative patients tested with the HIV-1 ELISA Wellcozyme assay only one was seropositive (this patient's serum was also Western blot positive). Of 17 HIV-1 ELISA (Organon) seronegative patients tested, HIV-1 antigen was found in 1 case (6%) (this patient's serum was Western blot negative). None of the 34 patients tested by HIV-2 serology was HIV-2 seropositive. HIV-1 was isolated by culture in 3 (21%) of 14 HIV-1 ELISA seronegative patients (sera of the 3 patients were Western blot negative). In total, 12 (19%) of 62 HIV-1 ELISA (Organon) seronegative patients were found to be positive for HIV, either by Western blot HIV antigen testing or viral culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)