三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术286例治疗分析

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用和价值。方法:回顾性分析286例患者行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果:286例患者痊愈出院,267例行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术获得成功。15例中转四孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,4例中转开腹。无胆管损伤,术后胆漏4例,经保守治疗而愈,余患者无其他重大并发症。结论:三孔法LC安全可行。     

三孔套扎法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用与研究

目的探讨三孔套扎法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的可行性和临床应用价值。方法2000年6月￣2002年12月235例患者在全麻下采用三孔套扎法行LC,脐部皮肤皱褶处戳10mm孔置腹腔镜,剑突下偏右戳5mm孔为主操作孔,右锁骨中线下2cm戳5mm孔为辅助操作孔,采用自制腹腔镜圈套器套扎胆囊管和胆囊动脉替代钛夹,切除胆囊从脐部孔取出。2003年1月￣12月将100例LC随机分为传统组(n=50)和三孔套扎组(n=50)进行前瞻性研究,比较手术时间、术中出血量、胆囊破裂、术后疼痛和术后并发症等。结果临床应用235例,三孔套扎法成功完成218例(92.8%),17例(7.2%)改为传统的四孔LC,手术(50.2±19.6)min。临床前瞻性研究表明,三孔套扎法与传统LC相比,尽管手术时间较长(P<0.05),但术后疼痛进一步减轻(P<0.05),术中出血量、胆囊破裂和术后并发症等没有增加(P>0.05)。结论三孔套扎法LC具有更加微创性,且体内无金属异物残留,是安全的和可行的。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术108例的治疗体会

自腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）开展以来，传统手术发生了重大变革，LC已成为胆囊良性疾病的首要治疗方法，LC本身也在日趋成熟发展，从四孔法逐渐向“三孔法”推广，并以其创伤小、恢复快、美观等优点得到广大患者的欢迎，我院自2004年5月-2005年10月所治疗的108例“三孔法”腹腔镜胆囊切除手术病例，效果满意。现将手术体会报告如下：     

急性结石性胆囊炎三孔法腹腔镜手术96例报告

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的临床效果。方法:对96例行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:93例顺利行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除,3例中转开腹,中转率3.12%。手术后恢复良好,均治愈出院。结论:在严格掌握适应症和熟练操作技术后,三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎是安全可行的。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术69例体会

目的：总结三孔法行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的方法和体会。方法：对69例三孔法LC病例进行了回顾性分析。经脐部10mm孔、剑突下10mm孔及右上腹5mm孔实施手术。结果：59例成功地施行三孔法LC,6例中转四孔法LC，4例开腹切除胆囊。全组病人均痊愈出院，无任何并发症。结论：在病例选择适当和LC操作熟练的基础上开展三孔法LC是安全和可行的。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术165例分析

目的探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除存在的技术难点与并发症。方法回顾分析江苏省吴江盛泽医院普外科收治的行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术165例患者的临床资料。结果 165例中160例成功施行三孔法LC术。1例Minrizi症,1例胆管变异,3例胆囊炎症及粘连严重,胆囊三角显露困难中转开腹。腹腔镜戳孔无一例感染。结论正确掌握其LC的适应证和禁忌证,坚持循序渐进的原则,熟练掌握解剖知识,防止并发症。术中如发现腹腔镜胆囊切除有困难者,应果断中转开腹。     

三孔打结法腹腔镜胆囊切除术326例

目的：采用三孔打结法行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC），进一步减少手术创伤。方法：326例患者在全麻下采用三孔打结法行LC，脐部皮肤皱褶处截第一孔（10mm)置入腹腔镜，剑突下稍偏右截孔（5mm）为主操作孔，右锁骨中线肋缘下2cm处截孔（5mm）为辅助操作孔，借助自制的打结器，应用丝线结扎处理胆囊管及胆囊动脉，胆囊从脐部孔取出。结果：采用此方法行LC成功率达100％，手术时间无明显延长，术后恢复快。结论：三孔打结法LC是一种安全、可行的方法，此方法进一步减少了手术的创伤，有利于术后恢复。     

胆囊炎急性发作期腹腔镜切除术117例报告

对于胆囊炎急性发作期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（Laparoscopic choleoystectomy，LC）目前尚有争议，但随着腹腔镜手术的广泛开展和腹腔镜胆囊切除技术的不断提高，胆囊炎急性发作期已成为腹腔镜手术适应证。对此类特殊类型的腹腔镜胆囊切除，如何提高手术技巧，减少并发症，还需要进一步总结经验。现对117例急性胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料总结报告如下。     

微创三孔打结法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的护理配合

目的探讨微创三孔打结法腹腔镜胆囊切除术护理配合的有效措施。方法对我院2000年10月-2006年10月间经过筛选的363例体型较瘦的胆囊息肉或无明显感染病史的胆囊结石患者在全麻下采用微创三孔打结法行LC,脐上缘戳第一孔(10mm)置入腹腔镜视管,剑突下稍偏右戳孔(5mm)为主操作孔,右锁骨中线肋缘下2cm处戳孔(2mm)为辅操作孔,应用自制的打结器结扎处理胆囊管及胆囊动脉,胆囊从脐部孔取出。结果363例患者均顺利行LC,手术时间及配合步骤无明显延长,术后恢复快,无并发症。结论对体型较瘦患者,微创三孔打结法LC安全、美观、可行,其护理配合简便、快捷,值得推广。     

萎缩性胆囊炎197例治疗体会

目的:探讨萎缩性胆囊炎的手术治疗方式。方法:对1997年1月至2006年12月经不同手术方式治疗的197例萎缩性胆囊炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:顺行或顺逆结合胆囊切除术34例,手术并发症发生率为8.8%。逆行胆囊切除术67例,手术并发症发生率为3.0%。胆囊部分切除术60例,无手术并发症。腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)32例,其中5例中转开腹。结论:萎缩性胆囊炎手术方式可根据具体情况灵活掌握,Calot三角可分离者行顺行或顺逆结合胆囊切除,Calot三角分离困难者行逆行胆囊切除。胆囊床无法分离,尤其是同时有Calot三角解剖不清时,宜行胆囊大部切除术。萎缩性胆囊炎行LC是可行的,选择合适的病例和改善手术技巧可提高LC手术成功率。对于年龄大于60岁、病史长、胆囊壁不均匀增厚者应警惕胆囊癌之可能,必要时术中切除胆囊作冰冻切片明确病理。     

A New Simplified One-Port Laparoscopic Technique for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement

♦ Background: Various techniques for laparoscopic insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter have been described. Usually 2 - 3 ports are required, and complications related to the port sites (such as abdominal wall hernia, leakage, and hemorrhage) cannot be avoided. To minimize the potential complications, we designed a simplified 1-port laparoscopic technique for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement.♦ Methods: We conducted a retrospective data review of 44 patients who underwent 1-port laparoscopic insertion of a Tenckhoff catheter from June 2009 to February 2011. All patient data, including postoperative complications, were analyzed.♦ Results: The mean follow-up period was 11.52 months. All catheters were working properly, except in 1 patient who developed peritonitis 3 months after catheter placement. (The catheter was removed.) No postoperative abdominal wall hemorrhage, early leaks, hernias, or catheter migration occurred. No exit-site or tunnel infections were observed.♦ Conclusions: Our 1-port laparoscopic technique provides excellent catheter fixation, avoids excessive port sites, and yields good cosmesis. The low complication rate and the simplicity of the method justify its standard use for Tenckhoff catheter placement.     

The Real-World Dose-Relativity of Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Lanthanum Carbonate Monotherapy in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Introduction

Sevelamer hydrochloride (SH) and lanthanum carbonate (LC) are calcium-free phosphate binders used for the management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the real-world dose-relativity between SH and LC monotherapy in US patients with ESRD.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of a 16-week, real-world study (Vemuri et al. in BMC Nephrol 12:49, 2011) of the efficacy of conversion to LC monotherapy from other phosphate binders. The SH:LC dose-relativity ratio, based on the mean daily dose, was calculated in the subset of patients from the Vemuri study who converted from SH to LC monotherapy and had available SH and LC dose data.

Results

A total of 950 patients converted from SH to LC monotherapy and had recorded dose data. The post hoc analysis population comprised 691 patients with available dose data for both SH at baseline and LC at week 16. The mean (SD) serum phosphate level at baseline was 5.91 (1.66) mg/dL. After conversion to LC monotherapy for 16 weeks, the mean (SD) serum phosphate level was 5.93 (1.85) mg/dL. The mean (SD) daily baseline SH dose was 7,703 (3,642) mg and the mean (SD) daily LC dose at week 16 was 2,800 (939) mg (9.6 versus 2.8 tablets, respectively; P < 0.0001), resulting in a SH:LC dose-relativity ratio of 2.8. The median individual patient SH:LC dose-relativity ratio was 2.6 (95% CI 2.6–2.8). Across baseline SH dose subgroups (2,400–4,800, >4,800–7,200, >7,200–9,600, and >9,600 mg/day), the mean daily SH dose was 4,051, 7,047, 9,253, and 13,150 mg, respectively. In comparison, the mean daily LC dose was 2,445–3,156 mg. Thus, patients requiring baseline SH doses >7,200 mg/day (41% of the analysis population) had higher SH:LC dose-relativity ratios of 3.1–4.2 (median individual patient ratios 3.1–4.0).

Conclusion

In this post hoc analysis of real-world dose-relativity, the overall SH:LC dose-relativity ratio was 2.8 (median individual patient ratio 2.6 (95% CI 2.6–2.8). These findings are consistent with the World Health Organization-defined daily dose and previous studies of the relative phosphate binding capacity of the two drugs. Patients requiring SH doses >7,200 mg/day had higher SH:LC dose-relativities of 3.1–4.2 (median individual patient ratios 3.1–4.0). These findings have implications for the tablet burden and cost-effectiveness of SH and LC in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia.     

单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜在微创胆囊切除术中的对比研 究简

目的：比较经脐气腹单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术（TSLC）与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析接受TSLC手术的患者21例以及同一时期接受LC治疗的18例患者，比较两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复排气时间以及并发症之间的差异。结果 TSLC组21例患者成功完成手术，手术时间为（94.62±16.57） min，出血量为（20.48±10.71） ml，术后恢复肛门排气时间为（29.29±6.44） h；而LC组患者的手术时间为（63.89±7.19） min，出血量为（21.94±13.52） ml，术后恢复肛门排气时间为（28.78±6.12） h，两组患者术后随访半年，无相关并发症发生。TSLC组的手术时间长于LC组，差异有统计学意义（t=7.29，P＜0.05）；其余指标比较，差异无统计学意义（t分别=0.37、0.25，P均＞0.05）。结论 TSLC具有与LC相同的安全性，但所需手术时间较长，对器械和技术要求较高。     

The burden of symptoms predicts early retirement: A twin cohort study on fibromyalgia‐associated symptoms

Objective: To assess whether symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM) predict disability retirement or mortality. Methods: All Finnish Twin Cohort members and diagnosed FM‐patients who had answered the same health questionnaire in 1990–1992 were studied. A sample of 10,608 working aged individuals of the cohort was classified in homogenous groups based on symptom profile with latent class analysis, using a battery of questions addressing FM‐associated symptoms validated between FM‐patients and twins. This resulted in three classes: no or few symptoms (LC1), some symptoms (LC2), and high load of FM‐symptoms (LC3). In a 14‐year follow‐up, 1990–2004, information on disability retirement was obtained from official pension registers. Further linkage with Population Register Centre data for 1990–2009 yielded information on the vital status of the cohort subjects. Those with malignancies or inflammatory rheumatic diseases were excluded. Results: Cumulative incidence of early disability retirement was 9.5% among all 8448 individuals (after exclusions), and 26% in LC3. Adjusted hrs for early retirement were 1.0 (reference class) in LC1, 1.5 (95%CI 1.2–1.7) in LC2, and 2.9 (2.4–3.6) in LC3 for all causes and 1.8 (1.4–2.5) in LC2 and 5.0 (3.6–6.9) in LC3 for musculoskeletal disorders. In 173,675 person‐years, the high symptom class (LC3) had a 43% (95% CI 17–75%) increased overall mortality risk, which was fully accounted for by adjustment for lifestyle factors, mainly smoking. Conclusion: Symptoms associated with FM strongly correlate with early disability retirement. Lifestyle problems associated with high symptom load need prompt management to avoid increased risk of mortality.     

Addition of L-carnitine to additive solution-suspended red cells stored at 4 degrees C reduces in vitro hemolysis and improves in vivo viability

BACKGROUND: The role of L-carnitine (LC) as the requisite carrier of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria is well established. Human red cells (RBCs), which lack mitochondria, possess a substantial amount of LC and its esters. In addition, carnitine palmitoyl transferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the acyl moiety from acyl-coenzyme A to LC is found in RBCs. It has recently been shown that LC and carnitine palmitoyl transferase play a major role in modulating the pathway for the turnover of membrane phospholipid fatty acids in intact human RBCs, and that LC improved the membrane stability of RBCs subjected to high shear stress. RBC membrane lesions occur during storage at 4 degrees C; this study investigated whether the addition of LC (5 mM) to a standard RBC preservative solution (AS-3) affected cellular integrity with 42 days' storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A paired (n = 10) crossover design was used for RBCs stored in AS-3 with and without LC. Both in vitro RBC properties reflective of metabolic and membrane integrity and in vivo measures of cell viability (24-hour percentage of recovery and circulating lifespan) were measured at the end of the storage. In addition, the turnover of membrane phospholipid and long-chain acylcarnitine fatty acids and the carnitine content of control and LC-stored RBCs were measured. RESULTS: It was shown that LC was irreversibly taken up by RBCs during storage, with a fourfold increase at 42 days. Furthermore, as found by the use of radiolabeled palmitate, the stored RBCs were capable of generating long-chain acylcarnitine. The uptake of LC during storage was associated with less hemolysis and higher RBC ATP levels and by a significantly greater in vivo viability for LC-stored RBCs than for control-stored RBCs: a mean 24-hour percentage of recovery of 83.9 +/? 5.0 vs. 80.1 +/? 6.0 percent and a mean lifespan of 96 +/? 11 vs. 86 +/? 14 days, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A beneficial effect of the addition of LC to RBCs stored at 4 degrees C was evident. This effect may be related to both biophysical and metabolic actions on the cell membrane.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术在高龄胆囊疾患中的应用

目的 总结经腹腔镜治疗高龄胆囊良性疾病的经验。方法 回顾性分析2000年7月～2003年7月采用腹腔镜治疗78例高龄胆囊良性疾患的临床资料。结果 78例中慢性结石性胆囊炎50例，胆囊结石嵌顿及胆囊萎缩25例，胆囊息肉3例。全部病例均获治愈。中转开腹3例，术后胆漏等并发症10例(12.82％)。无严重术后并发症。结论 经腹腔镜治疗高龄胆囊良性疾患只有掌握适应证，具备熟练的镜下操作技术，术中术后严密监护，积极处理并发症，才能使老年患者安全度过手术。     

小切口直视下胆囊切除术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术的比较研究

目的：比较小切口胆囊切除术(MC)与腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)创伤应激反应的程度差异、代谢改变以及术式特点。方法：选择62例慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石、胆囊息肉患者，随机分为MC组和比组，每组各31例，圈手术期分别测定血清胰岛素、生长激素、皮质醇水平，并监测手术前后动脉血气和酸碱平衡，记录平均手术时间、肠蠕动恢复时间及住院时间和医疗费用。结果：MC与比组创伤应激反应的程度无显著差异。PO2在MC组圈手术期无明显变化，比组术后第1天明显下降。SO22组术后第1天均较术前明显下降，第3天2组均恢复至术前水平。H2CO3和BE在LC组术后第3天明显低于MC组；PH值在比组术后第1天明显低于MC组。MC与LC两种术式在手术时间、肠蠕动恢复时间以及住院时间上无显著差异，但在医疗费用方面比明显高于MC。结论：MC与LC所引起的创伤应激反应的程度相近，MC对呼吸及代谢的影较LC小，与LC相比MC更为安全、简单、经济并且适应症广泛。     

LC术后残余胆囊的预防和处理(附11例报告)

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)后残余胆囊的预防和处理。方法：回顾分析自1998年12月至2003年5月收治的LC术后残余胆囊患者的病历资料。结果：本组11例LC术后残余胆囊均经开腹手术证实,其中6例残余胆囊,3例残余胆囊合并残余胆囊结石,2例胆总管结石行探察术中发现残余胆囊。所有病例均行残余胆囊切除,胆囊标本经病理检查证实均为残余胆囊慢性炎症改变。结论：严格把握LC的适应症和操作规范是防止残余胆囊的关键。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术1080例临床分析

目的提高急性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术成功率。方法回顾性分析1993年10月-2006年10月1080例腹腔镜胆囊切除术（1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）治疗急性胆囊炎（acute cholecystitis,AC）的临床资料。结果手术成功1033例,中转开腹47例。全组无严重手术并发症。结论合理运用LC及选择性引流、适时中转,急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）是安全有效地。     

Natural history of skeletal-related events in patients with breast, lung, or prostate cancer and metastases to bone: a 15-year study in two large US health systems

Purpose

To document the risk of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), or prostate cancer (PC) in routine clinical practice.

Methods

We used data from two large US health systems to identify patients aged ≥18 years with primary BC, LC, or PC and newly diagnosed bone metastases between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2009. Beginning with the date of diagnosis of bone metastasis, we estimated the cumulative incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs) (spinal cord compression, pathologic fracture, radiation to bone, bone surgery), based on review of medical records, accounting for death as a competing risk.

Results

We identified a total of 621 BC, 477 LC, and 721 PC patients with newly diagnosed bone metastases. SREs were present at diagnosis of bone metastasis in 22.4, 22.4, and 10.0 % of BC, LC, and PC patients, respectively. Relatively few LC or PC patients received intravenous bisphosphonates (14.8 and 20.2 %, respectively); use was higher in patients with BC, however (55.8 %). In BC, cumulative incidence of SREs during follow-up was 38.7 % at 6 months, 45.4 % at 12 months, and 54.2 % at 24 months; in LC, it was 41.0, 45.4, and 47.7 %; and in PC, it was 21.5, 30.4, and 41.9 %. More than one half of patients with bone metastases had evidence of SREs (BC: 62.6 %; LC: 58.7 %; PC: 51.7 %), either at diagnosis of bone metastases or subsequently.

Conclusions

SREs are a frequent complication in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases, and are much more common than previously recognized in women with BC.