白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂抑制大鼠高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的实验研究

目的 观察白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)抑制大鼠高危角膜移植后免疫排斥反应、促进植片存活的作用。方法 对40只SD大鼠(40眼)用缝线法诱导角膜新生血管增生,选取其中的30只大鼠(30眼)并随机分为实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及对照组Ⅲ组,每组均接受同种异系(Wistar大鼠)供体角膜,行穿透性角膜移植术。实验组于术后第1日起分别滴用50 μg/ml的IL-1ra滴眼液(Ⅰ组)和1%的CsA滴眼液(Ⅱ组),每日3次。受试动物术后均每日滴用典必殊滴眼液及托品卡胺滴眼液3次,连续14 d。术后比较各组大鼠免疫排斥反应发生的时间,对角膜植片存活情况进行评分,观察其效果。结果 两实验组角膜植片平均存活时间分别为(12.00±1.50) d和(10.44±1.13) d,明显高于对照组(8.00±1.25) d,差异有显著性(P<0 01);两实验组间比较,差异亦有显著性(P<0 01)。结论 IL-1ra可抑制高危角膜移植后的免疫排斥反应,减少新生血管的生成,减轻免疫性炎性反应,延长角膜植片的存活时间。     

大鼠心肌肥厚模型中血清白细胞介素-18及-10的变化

【目的】观察不同时限大鼠心肌肥厚模型血清中白细胞介素-18（IL-18）、IL-10浓度的变化,探讨IL-18和IL-10在心肌肥厚发生发展中的可能作用。【方法】采用大鼠腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚模型,64只F344大鼠分成8组：缩窄时限为2、3、4、8周组和相应对照组,每组8只,使用心脏超声确定心肌肥厚,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血清IL-18和IL-10的浓度。【结果】腹主动脉缩窄2—8周后,大鼠心脏超声检查舒张期室间厚度隔（IVSTd）、舒张期左室后壁（PWLVd）明显不同程度的增厚。大鼠血清中IL。18、IL-10浓度明显高于相应对照组。2～8周时IL-18（pg／mL）两组分别为461&#177;387vs529&#177;394、516&#177;428vs458&#177;367、816&#177;442vs5470&#177;355、462&#177;343vs5466&#177;424：IL-10（pg／mL）两组分另0为926&#177;634vs717&#177;664、1033&#177;661口s736&#177;544、1221&#177;568US700&#177;601、891&#177;569口5735&#177;579。实验组随缩窄时限延长而明显增加（2,3,4周时P〈0．05）,但缩窄8周时增加不明显（P〉0．05）,各对照组之间无明显变化（P〉0．05）。【结论】大鼠心肌肥厚模型血清中IL-18、IL．10水平明显升高,且在-定程度上反映了心肌肥厚病变的严重程度。     

1,25-二羟维生素D3对实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎外周血单个核细胞免疫功能的影响

目的研究1,25-二羟维生素D3对豚鼠实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎（EAE）外周血单个核细胞分泌细胞因子（CK）能力的影响,探讨1,25-二羟维生素D3防治EAE的免疫调节机制。方法采用粗制碱性髓鞘蛋白（MBP）加福氏完全佐剂皮下注射的方法建立EAE模型。将50只豚鼠随机分成5组：正常对照组、EAE对照组、EAE低剂量治疗组、EAE中剂量治疗组和EAE高剂量治疗组,每组10只,造模前3d正常对照组和EAE对照组每天灌喂0.4ml花生油,EAE低剂量、中剂量、高剂量治疗组分别在造模前3d开始灌喂含1,25-二羟维生素D30.5μg·kg^-1·d^-1、1.25μg·kg^-1·d^-1、2.5μg·kg^-1·d^-1的花生油0.4ml,直至整个实验结束。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定正常对照组和EAE模型组发病高峰期外周血单个核细胞分泌的细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α的水平。结果EAE对照组外周血单个核细胞分泌IL-4、IL-10的能力较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0.05）,EAE高、中、低剂量治疗组外周血单个核细胞分泌IL-4、IL-10的能力较EAE对照组明显增强（P〈0.05）。EAE对照组外周血单个核细胞分泌IFN-γ、TNF-α的能力较正常对照组明显增强（P〈0.05）,EAE高、中、低剂量治疗组外周血单个核细胞分泌IFN-γ、TNF-α的能力较EAE对照组明显减弱（P〈0.05）。结论EAE存在明显免疫功能紊乱,1,25-二羟维生素D3防治EAE的免疫机制作用可能是通过抑制IFN-γ、TNF-α产生及促进IL-4、IL-10而产生。     

心脏死亡大鼠供体角膜移植排斥模型建立

目的建立一种心脏死亡大鼠供体角膜移植排斥模型,观察术后排斥反应,总结手术操作技巧,提高大鼠角膜移植排斥模型的成功率。方法 50只成年雌性SD大鼠按照随机数字表随机分为供体组(10只,20眼)、实验组(同种异体角膜移植组20只,20眼)、对照组(自体角膜移植组20只,20眼)。5 m L空气注射入供体大鼠心腔内造成心脏死亡后取4.25 mm直径角膜植片。实验组大鼠采用水合氯醛腹腔麻醉后作4.0 mm直径植床,将供体植片用国产12-0缝线间断缝合于受体植床上行穿透性角膜移植术;对照组采用水合氯醛腹腔麻醉后用4.0 mm环钻取角膜,植片旋转180°原位缝合。术后两组大鼠滴妥布霉素眼膏1次/d。体式显微镜下观察并拍照,按照Larkin的标准进行排斥反应评分,计算排斥反应指数,直至术后14 d取材。统计两组排斥反应指数评分,采用SPSS软件进行t检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果 (1)实验组大鼠中有1只死亡,19只发生排斥反应,排斥率为100%,对照组无排斥反应发生;(2)术后14 d,实验组排斥反应评分为(8.5±2.12)分,远高于对照组排斥反应评分(3.0±0.32)分,... 更多     

熊果酸对大鼠角膜移植排斥反应的抑制作用

目的探讨熊果酸对大鼠角膜移植排斥反应的治疗效果。方法以SD大鼠为供体,Wistar大鼠为受体,将48只Wistar大鼠
随机分为4组。A组为正常角膜对照组,B组为Wistar鼠自体原位角膜移植,C、D 组为SD-Wistar大鼠之间进行同种异体角膜移
植。术后当天腹腔给药,A、B、C三组分别给予生理盐水作为空白对照,D组给予熊果酸（UA）（20 mg·kg-1·d-1）,连续给药12 d。
根据Larkin等角膜排斥反应评分系统,判断术后植片排斥情况。比较角膜植片的存活时间和植片存活率。术后14 d检测各组
中IL-2、IFN-γ、NF-κBp65、VEGF及ICAM-1的表达含量,并对角膜植片进行组织学检查与Western blot分析。结果D组角膜
植片的存括时间为29.12±9.58 d,与C组9.67±2.16 d 相比,两组间差异有显著性意义（P<0.01）。术后14 d D组角膜植片中的
IL-2、IFN-γ、NF-κBp65、ICAM-1及VEGF的相对含量明显下降,而IκB-α蛋白含量较高。未见明显淋巴细胞浸润和新生血管形
成。结论熊果酸作为NF-κB的核因子抑制剂,可以抑制角膜新生血管的形成与排斥反应,从而显著延长大鼠角膜植片的存活
时间。
     

IL-1ra抑制大鼠角膜移植免疫排斥反应的研究

目的　观察白细胞介素 - 1受体拮抗剂 (IL 1ra)对大鼠穿透性角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的影响。方法　建立大鼠同种异体穿透性角膜移植动物模型 ,受者随机分为生理盐水对照组 ,CsA治疗组 ,IL - 1ra治疗组。术后连续观察 2周 ,对各组大鼠角膜植片存活情况进行评分比较 ,评价药效。结果　IL - 1ra组与CsA组角膜植片存活时间分别为 (19.5 83± 0 .2 88)d和 (16.667± 0 .43 2 )d ,与对照组 (11.0 0 0± 0 .3 2 6)d相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;IL - 1ra组和CsA组排斥反应指数 (RI)均明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;IL - 1ra组新生血管评分明显低于对照组和CsA组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　IL - 1ra可明显抑制角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应 ,减轻炎性反应 ,减少新生血管生成 ,延长角膜植片的存活时间     

1,25-二羟维生素D3对高危角膜移植急性排斥反应及角膜新生血管的影响

目的 研究药物1,25-二羟基维生素D₃(二羟维D₃)在高危角膜移植模型中对免疫排斥反应及新生血管生长情况的影响,揭示1,25-二羟维D₃作为免疫抑制剂在角膜移植中的治疗作用及机制。方法 建立大鼠高危角膜移植模型,按不同浓度的1,25-二羟维D₃(1×10^-5和1×10^-7mol/L)及环孢霉素A(CsA)分组,连续用药2周,观察移植物排斥情况并于术后4、7、14d取材行原位杂交等实验,分析各组细胞因子白介素1α(IL-1α)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA水平的变化情况。结果 在1,25-二羟维D₃作用下,高危角膜移植物的存活时间明显延长;新生血管生长受抑制;合用CsA后效果更明显。原位杂交实验证实1,25-二羟维D₃能显著抑制植片IL-1α、TNF-αmRNA表达(P<0.01);对VEGF表达无直接影响。结论 1,25-二羟维D₃能有效地抑制新生血管生长及角膜移植急排期的免疫排斥反应,机制可能包括对前炎症因子(IL-1α、TNF-α)生成的抑制作用,而对VEGF无明显直接作用。     

肌注不同剂量环孢霉素A抑制大鼠角膜移植的免疫排斥反应

目的：探讨环孢霉素A不同剂量对大鼠角膜移植免疫排斥反应的影响。方法：以Wistar大鼠为供体,Lewis大鼠为受体建立角膜移植实验模型。将33只Lewis大鼠（33眼）随机分为A、B、C3组,每组11只。A组术后肌注CsA【1mg,（kg·d）】,B组给予CsA【10mg／（kg·d）】,C组给予等量不含药物的PBS,每次100ul,3次/d,连续用药10d。术后判断植片排斥情况,比较3组角膜植片的平均存活时间和新生血管评分。术后10d,病理组织学检查角膜的结构变化,并进行T细胞增殖实验,观察各组间T细胞增殖情况。结果：A、B组植片发生排斥反应的时间明显延迟,A组植片平均存活时间为（12．5±0．43）d,B组为（58±18．79）d,C组为（9±0．45）d,3组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。B组术后各时间点角膜新生血管的生长明显低于C组（P〈0．05）。A组与c组除第6天外,其余时间点无统计学意义。A、B组角膜植片中炎性细胞和新生血管较c组减少。角膜A、B组T细胞增殖量明显低于C组（P〈0．05）。结论：10mg／（kg·d）CsA能够有效抑制大鼠角膜移植术后免疫排斥的发生。     

脂肪源性干细胞输注剂量对抑制大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应的影响

目的 观察供体同系脂肪源性干细胞（ADSCs）对大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应的抑制作用,并探讨其输注剂量对其抑制作用的影响。方法 以Wistar、SD大鼠为供受体建立心脏颈部异位移植模型,术毕静脉输注不同剂量ADSCs。实验分组：①对照组,注射等体积3ml 0.9% NaCl;②输注ADSCs,0.1×10⁶/只组;③输注ADSCs,1×10⁶/只组;④输注ADSCs,10×10⁶/只组;每组12只。比较各组移植心脏存活时间和组织病理学改变,及检测血清中IL-2和IL-10的表达。结果 对照组移植心脏平均存活6.2±1.2天,输注不同剂量ADSCs （0.1×10⁶/只,1×10⁶/只,10×10⁶/只）各组移植心脏平均存活分别为10.0±1.3天,13.3±2.2天,21.0±4.9天。与对照组比较,输注各组移植心脏存活均得到显著延长（P<0.05）。病理学检查发现ADSCs输注组淋巴细胞浸润、心肌间质水肿、心肌细胞损害均较对照组减轻。与对照组比较,ADSCs输注组大鼠血清中IL-2浓度随着ADSCs浓度增加而逐步降低,且ADSCs 10×10⁶/只组差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）;IL-10浓度呈剂量相关性逐渐增高,各组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 静脉输注供体同系ADSCs,可以延长大鼠颈部移植心脏的存活时间,减轻急性排斥反应的程度,并具有一定剂量依懒性;其中以10×10⁶/只剂量的抗排斥作用最显著。     

铁之缘片改善妊娠期缺铁性贫血的实验研究

目的探讨铁之缘片与硫酸亚铁治疗孕晚期妇女缺铁性贫血的效果。方法 2008年8月至2009年2月我院确诊为妊娠期缺铁性贫血的患者110例随机分为两组,实验组服用铁之缘片,每次4片,每日3次,连服30 d;对照组服用硫酸亚铁片,每次0.3 g,每日3次,连服30 d。于治疗前后监测红蛋白、血清蛋白、红细胞内游离原卟啉含量以及妊娠B超。结果实验组的受试者,其血红蛋白含量由（101.6&#177;8.34）g/L上升到（123.0&#177;10.2）g/L,平均升高了（21.4&#177;2.83）g/L,（实验前后配对t检验P〈0.01,试验后对照组t检验P〈0.01）;红细胞内游离原卟啉（FEP）的含量由（722.9&#177;70.3）ug/L,下降为（445.1&#177;5.76）ug/L,（实验前后配对t检验P〈0.01,实验后与对照组t检验P〈0.01）。结论铁之缘片具有明显改善妊娠期缺铁性贫血的作用,并对受试者母儿健康无不良影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.