关节镜下外侧支持带松解治疗膝关节骨性关节炎

[目的]探讨关节镜下外侧支持带松解的意义。[方法]对76例83膝有外侧支持带挛缩、髌股对合关系紊乱的膝关节OA患者，存行关节镜下清理术的同时行外侧支持带松解。[结果]83膝平均随访3．8a，总优良率83.13％，较本组前期报道的75．41％明显提高。[结论]关节镜下清理术加外侧支持带松解，能有效去除髌股关节对合不良所致的应力失衡，阻止髌股软骨面进一步磨损，增加髌骨活动度、改善疼痛症状及关节伸屈功能。对老年膝内翻的患者，只要有外侧支持带挛缩．不应忽视松解的必要性。     

全膝关节置换术中外侧支持带松解的指征

目的评价全膝关节置换术(TKA)中外侧支持带松解的正确指征。方法回顾性分析1997年1月～2004年12月期间开展的76例患者100侧TKA中,应用无拇指试验阳性或巾钳试验阳性作为外侧支持带的松解指征,并比较这两种方法的准确性。结果在这100侧TKA中,巾钳试验阳性7侧,无拇指试验阳性39侧。在巾钳试验阳性并进行外侧支持带松解的病例中,无一例在术后6个月内出现髌骨倾斜、半脱位或全脱位。而无拇指试验错误地指导了32侧外侧支持带松解。结论无拇指试验准确性不高,巾钳试验阳性可作为TKA中进行外侧支持带松解的正确指征。     

关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解在治疗膝骨性关节炎中的应用体会

目的探讨关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解在膝骨性关节炎治疗中的临床效果。方法对98例（143膝）骨性关节炎患者随机分组,49例采用关节镜清理联合髌骨外侧支持带松解治疗,列为治疗组;49例采用单纯关节镜清理治疗,列为对照组。术后均结合康复训练。手术前后随访均按Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行临床评价。屈膝20°位CT片测量手术前后外侧髌骨角及髌骨指数。结果所有患者关节镜下均见不同程度软骨退变。98例均获随访,时间3～38（18±2）个月。临床疗效评价：6个月治疗组术后Lysholm评分提高（30.84±5.83）分,对照组提高（16.68±5.85）分（P〈0.01）;治疗组外侧髌骨角及髌骨指数术后均明显改善,而对照组基本无变化。结论对膝骨性关节炎进行关节镜清理联合髌骨外侧支持带松解可以更明显地缓解或消除患者症状。     

膝关节镜下外侧支持带松解及内侧支持带紧缩治疗急性髌骨脱位

目的探讨膝关节镜下外侧支持带松解及内侧支持带紧缩治疗急性髌骨脱位。方法1999年7月～2003年7月共对11例急性髌骨脱位患者施行膝关节镜手术,松解外侧支持带及外侧髌—股韧带,同时紧缩缝合内侧支持带及内侧髌—股韧带。结果平均随访21.2个月,所有病人均未发生再脱位,亦无残留髌骨不稳。膝关节活动度(ROM)正常。结论本术式疗效确切,具有创伤小、并发症少、功能恢复快等优点。     

关节镜下外侧支持带松解治疗髌骨外侧高压综合征

目的 探讨关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解治疗髌骨外侧高压综合征的方法和疗效.方法 自2011年3月至2012年7月,对59 例（62膝）髌骨外侧高压综合征患者在关节镜下行髌骨外侧支持带松解手术,男24 例,女35 例;年龄26～65 岁,平均47.6 岁.全部患者术后积极康复训练.结果 术后随访时间12～27个月,平均16个月.比较手术前后髌骨倾斜角、外侧髌股角结果具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;IKDC膝关节功能主观评分、Lysholm功能评分术前、术后结果具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）.结论 关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解治疗髌骨外侧高压综合征具有创伤小、精确彻底、康复快、并发症少等优点,对于膝前区疼痛伴髌骨外侧倾斜且软骨退变轻的患者疗效满意.     

全膝关节置换术治疗晚期膝骨性关节炎

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗晚期膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效.方法 采用TKA治疗30例晚期膝骨性关节炎老年患者(33膝).比较手术前后膝关节最大被动屈曲度、HSS评分、疼痛VAS评分,采用HSS评分标准评价膝关节功能恢复情况.结果 患者均获得随访,时间6～24个月.未出现术后切口感染、深静脉血栓、假体松动等并发症...     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎

目的分析人工全膝表面置换治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法对21例29膝的膝骨性关节炎病例行人工膝关节置换术,单膝关节置换13例,双膝关节置换8例,全部采用后方稳定性假体。结果随访6~47个月,平均22.6个月,采用HSS评分系统进行分析,优15例,良5例,可1例。患者术后在疼痛、功能方面都有明显改善。结论全膝关节表面置换术对治疗严重膝骨性关节炎效果满意。术中精确的截骨操作、正确的软组织松解及术后指导康复是手术治疗成功的关键。     

骨性关节炎人工全膝关节置换术伸膝装置的处理

目的 探讨骨性关节炎人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)伸膝装置的处理方法及临床效果.方法 2007年6月-2009年6月,对386例460膝膝关节骨性关节炎患者行TKA治疗.男125例145膝,女261例315膝;年龄58～85岁,平均60.3岁.左侧216膝,右侧244膝.病...     

关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解及内侧支持带紧缩治疗髌骨软化症

目的探讨膝关节镜下外侧支持带松解及内侧支持带紧缩治疗髌骨软化症的疗效。方法对31例(36膝)髌骨软化症患者在关节镜下用等离子刀松解外侧支持带及外侧髌—股韧带,同时紧缩缝合内侧支持带及内侧髌—股韧带。结果随访10～48个月,患者症状和体征均得到明显改善。与术前相比,Lysholm评分由70.2分提高至平均92.1分,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论该术式治疗髌骨软化症不仅能松解外侧支持带,同时还可有效地紧缩内侧支持带,疗效确切,具有创伤小、并发症少、功能恢复快等优点。     

Patellar Fracture After Total Knee Arthroplasty for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Patellar fracture is one of the most challenging complications of total knee arthroplasty, but relatively, little is known about it in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We retrospectively analyzed 329 total knee arthroplasties performed in 230 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis to identify the incidence and risk factors for postoperative patellar fractures. The mean age was 61.8 years, and the mean follow-up period was 6.2 years. Patellar resurfacing was performed in all cases. Five postoperative patellar fractures (1.51%) were identified, and a thin residual patellar thickness and the use of posterior-stabilizing components were identified as significant risk factors, although the number of fractures was small in both groups. There was also tendency of higher age and greater joint line change observed in patients with fracture compared with those without fracture.     

Partial Lateral Patellar Facetectomy as an Alternative to Lateral Release in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

This study presents the selective use of partial patellar lateral facetectomy for maltracking during primary TKA, as an alternative to lateral release. Twenty three partial facetectomies were performed out of 191 TKAs (12%). Balanced tracking was achieved in 22 knees. At follow-up 2 patients had persistent anterior knee pain. Mean Knee Society score (KSS) was 94 and mean functional KSS was 86. Mean patellar score was 28. Patellar tilt angles were within 2 degrees in all but one knee. Patellar translation was within 2 mm in all cases. No complications were recorded. A control group of 46 matched patients had similar functional and radiographic results. If tracking is not satisfactory at the conclusion of TKA, our method of choice would be partial lateral facetectomy.     

Lateral Patellar Facetectomy and Medial Reefing in Patients With Lateral Facet Syndrome After Patellar-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty

We analyzed clinical outcomes of partial lateral patellar facetectomy and medial reefing in patients with lateral patellar facet syndrome with painful patellar-retaining total knee arthroplasty. 34 patients were followed for a mean of 40 months. All 34 patients were matched with those having secondary patellar resurfacing without facetectomy. Both groups experienced significant pain relief and range of motion improvement. The facetectomy group had higher Kujala scores than those in patellar resurfacing group. Patients with facetectomy had significantly less pain postoperatively. There were significant differences in postoperative lateral patellar tilt and congruency angle in both groups. The mid-term results for LPF with medial reefing are promising to resolve pain in patients with lateral patellar facet syndrome in patellar-retaining TKA. Therapeutic level III (retrospective comparative study).     

Lateral Patellar Facet Impingement After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: It Does Exist

The existence of the diagnosis “lateral patellar facet impingement” (LPFI) is controversial and the outcomes for surgical revision for symptomatic LPFI uncertain. We found that of the 3361 index knee revisions performed at our institution from 1995 to 2008, eleven were done for symptomatic LPFI. Their clinical histories and radiographic imaging were reviewed before and after revision TKA and were also compared to a group of control patients. We found no statistically significant differences between the groups in preoperative KS pain and function scores or radiographic features. However, the combined findings of pain in the subpatellar/lateral aspect of the knee post TKA and radiographic lateral facet contact were significantly associated with revision due to LPFI. Surgical revision results were variable, but ~ 2/3 of the patients were satisfied with the operation and had a significant improvement in KS function scores.     

Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background

This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

髌骨置换与否对全膝关节置换效果的影响

目的评价髌骨置换与否对全膝关节表面置换的影响。方法对2000年1月至2001年6月间行膝关节表面置换的165例病人随机分为髌骨置换组和不置换组。置换组均采用同一种膝关节假体系统，由同组医生完成，术前和随访时评价HSS评分、髌骨评分和髌骨适合角、髌骨高度等影像学结果。所有评价均采用双盲的方式。结果在HSS评分和髌骨评分方面，两组无统计学差异。影像学评价两组无统计学差异。髌骨置换组的手术时间明显长于非置换组。结论对于骨关节炎病人，不置换和置换髌骨临床效果相当，影像学表现无明显区别。但置换组的手术时间更长。不论置换与否，手术时应注意对下肢力线的矫正。     

Patellar Denervation Reduces Postoperative Anterior Knee Pain After Patellar Resurfacing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundThe benefit of patellar denervation (PD) in patellar resurfacing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still debatable. This prospective, randomized controlled trial investigated whether circumferential PD should be performed in patellar resurfacing TKA.MethodsA total of 241 patients who underwent unilateral TKA were randomized into PD or non-PD groups. Incidence, intensity, and presentation time of anterior knee pain (AKP) and clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively.ResultsThe incidence of AKP was significantly lower in the PD group (6.4% vs 16.2%, P = .032). The intensity of AKP and patient satisfaction scores were significantly better in the PD group at 3 months but not after 3 months. The presentation time of AKP mostly occurs at 3 months after surgery. The Knee Society score, range of motion, Oxford score, patellar score, activity of daily living score, and visual analog scale of overall knee pain were not significantly different between the two groups during the follow-up period.ConclusionGiven that PD can improve AKP and patient satisfaction at an early period postoperatively without jeopardizing clinical outcomes at no additional cost, this inexpensive procedure readily available in nearly every operation room is strongly recommended during primary TKA with patellar resurfacing.     

全膝置换术后髌骨髌腱角的变化

目的 研究全膝置换术后相同屈膝角度下矢状位髌骨和髌腱之间的角度变化,及其与术后活动度的关系.方法 材料为2002年5月～2003年12月期间做了初次全膝置换的33个关节(30例),诊断包括29个膝骨关节炎、4个类风湿性关节炎,其中20个关节置换了髌骨.男5例,女25例;年龄平均67.3岁.术前和术后1年摄0°、45°、90°侧位X线片,记录术后1年的活动度,测量术前术后不同屈膝度下的髌骨纵轴和髌韧带的夹角,并进行分析.结果 术后1年在屈膝90°时,髌骨与髌腱的角度较术前增大(P＜0.01).更换髌骨和保留髌骨组术后都发生了相似的角度变化(P＜0.01).术后屈膝90°的髌骨髌腱角和术后活动度呈负相关(r=-0.506,P=0.003).结论 全膝置换术后在屈膝活动时的髌骨髌腱角变化规律发生改变,与置换髌骨无关;术后屈膝90°时髌骨髌腱角的改变幅度与术后活动度限制有关.     

Total Patellar Skin Loss From Cryotherapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty

The use of cryotherapy after total knee arthroplasty is a very common therapeutic adjunct accepted as routine postoperative care. We present 2 cases of total patellar skin loss due to cryotherapy after total knee arthroplasty. Substantial soft tissue defects were created after the initial debridement of the necrotic tissue. Both patients were evaluated for frostbite, and the wounds were sharply debrided. Application of an advanced wound management technique involves the use of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan biodegradable bilayer matrix, silver impregnated antimicrobial dressing, and low-pressure vacuum device, followed by delayed split thickness skin grafting and low-pressure vacuum device. We find that this technique provided durable soft tissue coverage for necrotic wounds of the knee that do not involve the joint capsule.     

全膝置换术后的髌腱短缩及其临床影响

目的研究全膝置换(totalkneearthroplasty,TKA)术后的髌腱长度变化,置换髌骨对髌腱长度的影响,髌腱长度变化与术后膝关节活动度的关系。方法2002年5月~2003年12月对49例55个关节行初次全膝置换手术。包括48例骨关节炎、7例类风湿性关节炎,其中7例做了外侧支持带松解,测量术前的髌腱长度及术后1年的髌腱长度和膝关节活动度,按是否置换髌骨分成两组,对数据进行组间和组内统计学分析。结果术后1年,髌腱发生有统计学意义的短缩(P<0·01)。在短缩大于10%的发生率上,换与不换髌骨组没有统计学意义的差别(P>0·05)。髌腱短缩和关节活动度呈负相关(P<0·01)。结论全膝置换术后存在髌腱短缩的并发症。置换髌骨对髌腱短缩没有影响。髌腱短缩可能是导致术后活动度损失的原因之一。