西妥昔单抗对125Ⅰ粒子照射结直肠癌细胞DNA修复能力和信号传导通路的影响

目的 探讨西妥昔单抗(C225)对125Ⅰ粒子照射下结直肠癌CL187细胞DNA损伤修复和信号传导通路的影响.方法 实验分为空白对照组,100 nmol/L C225处理组,单独125Ⅰ粒子持续低剂量率照射组和C225联合125Ⅰ粒子持续低剂量率照射组.在吸收剂量达4 Gy后48 h,经细胞免疫荧光检测各组细胞中γH2AX聚集点数量以及γH2AX聚集点阳性细胞比例.提取细胞内总蛋白,Western blot检测DNA修复蛋白的变化.在吸收剂量达4 Gy后即刻提取总蛋白,Western blot分析在照射过程中C225对EGFR下游信号通路中蛋白分子的影响.结果 与单独125Ⅰ粒子持续低剂量率照射组细胞相比,C225联合125Ⅰ持续低剂量率照射组细胞内残余的γH2AX聚集点数量和γH2AX聚集点阳性的细胞比例均高(t=8.0和6.8,P＜0.05),并且细胞中DNA修复蛋白Ku70和DNA-PKcs的含量偏低(t=6.6和5.7,P＜0.05).Western blot结果显示,在125Ⅰ粒子持续低剂量率照射过程中,C225能够降低细胞内EGFR的水平(t=4.9,P＜0.05),抑制Akt的活化(t=5.5,P＜0.05).结论 在125Ⅰ放射性粒子持续低剂量率照射下,C225可以降低细胞内Ku70和DNA-PKcs的含量,并抑制Akt活化,减弱CL187细胞的DNA损伤修复能力.     

西妥昔单抗增加结直肠癌细胞对125I粒子持续低剂量率照射的敏感性

目的 探讨在¹²⁵I 放射性粒子持续低剂量率照射下,西妥昔单抗对结直肠癌细胞CL187放射敏感性的影响及可能的机制。方法 实验将直肠癌细胞CL187分为空白对照组、单纯100 nmol/L C225处理组、单纯¹²⁵I -CLDR照射组和C225联合¹²⁵I -CLDR组。克隆形成实验检测C225是否影响人结直肠癌CL187细胞对¹²⁵I 放射性粒子持续低剂量率照射的放射敏感性。流式细胞仪检测C225对¹²⁵I -CLDR照射诱导的细胞凋亡的影响。细胞周期检测C225对细胞周期的调节。瑞氏姬姆萨染色检测有丝分裂指数。Western blot检测细胞内Bax、Bcl-2的水平。结果 100 nmol/L C225的放射增敏比为1.4,并能够增加¹²⁵I -CLDR照射诱导的细胞凋亡（t=6.6,P<0.05）,增加Bax/Bcl-2比值。与空白对照组相比,单独C225处理可使CL187细胞G₁期阻滞（t=3.0,P<0.05）,单纯¹²⁵I -CLDR照射组细胞也存在G₁期阻滞（t=8.5,P<0.01）,两者联合时的G₁期阻滞效应与¹²⁵I -CLDR单独处理时相比,差异无统计学意义（t=0.8,P>0.05）。有丝分裂指数检测结果显示,各实验组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论 C225可增加结直肠癌细胞CL187对¹²⁵I -CLDR照射的放射敏感性,机制可能是C225增加细胞内Bax/Bcl-2比值,增加¹²⁵I-CLDR诱导的细胞凋亡,与细胞周期阻滞和细胞周期检查点功能无关。     

125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人食管癌细胞系KYSE150抑制作用及其机制研究

目的 研究¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人食管癌细胞系KYSE150的抑制作用及其机制。方法 根据不同照射方式,将KYSE150细胞分成空白对照组、高剂量率单次外照射组（SDR,1.052 Gy/min）、持续低剂量率照射组（¹²⁵I-CLDR,2.77 cGy/h）。克隆形成实验衡量KYSE150细胞对两种照射方式的敏感性,计算¹²⁵I-CLDR的相对生物学效应（RBE）。流式细胞仪分析不同照射方式对细胞凋亡和周期的影响。蛋白免疫印迹法检测不同照射方式下KYSE150细胞内γ-H2AX和Bax的蛋白表达量变化。结果 KYSE150细胞对¹²⁵I-CLDR的放射敏感性高于SDR,¹²⁵I-CLDR的相对生物学效应约为1.56;与SDR相比,¹²⁵I-CLDR能更显著地诱导KYSE150细胞的早期和晚期凋亡（t=4.07,11.08,P<0.05）,提高G₂/M期细胞比例（t=11.25,P<0.05）;¹²⁵I-CLDR组DNA损伤信号蛋白γ-H2AX和促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达水平显著升高。结论 与SDR相比,¹²⁵I-CLDR对人食管癌细胞KYSE150的抑制作用更为显著,其主要机制可能是电离辐射后肿瘤细胞克隆形成能力受损,DNA损伤严重,细胞凋亡增多,而G₂/M期细胞比例升高,细胞放射敏感性增强。     

125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人喉癌细胞系Hep-2的抑制作用

目的 探讨¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射对人喉癌细胞Hep-2的抑制作用及其机制。方法 实验分为空白对照组、X射线单次高剂量率照射组（SDR组）、¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射组（¹²⁵I-CLDR组）。克隆形成实验检测Hep-2细胞在两种照射方式下的放射敏感性,并计算¹²⁵I-CLDR的相对生物学效应。锥虫蓝染色计数两种照射方式下Hep-2细胞的增殖情况。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞情况。Western blot检测细胞内总γ-H2AX的表达水平。结果 Hep-2细胞对¹²⁵I-CLDR的放射敏感性高于SDR,¹²⁵I-CLDR相对生物学效应约为1.61,且α/β比值高于SDR。SDR和¹²⁵I-CLDR均能抑制Hep-2细胞增殖（t=30.9、40.7,P<0.05）,且后者的抑制作用更为明显（t=9.8,P<0.05）。¹²⁵I-CLDR诱导细胞凋亡和G₂/M期细胞阻滞的效应强于SDR（t=5.8、19.8, P<0.05）。结论 ¹²⁵I-CLDR对Hep-2细胞的抑制作用高于SDR,主要机制是降低Hep-2细胞的DNA损伤修复能力,促进细胞死亡;诱导细胞凋亡和G₂/M期阻滞,抑制细胞再增殖。     

Tip60基因沉默对细胞DNA双链断裂修复和辐射敏感性的影响

目的 探讨Tip60对细胞辐射敏感性的影响及相关机制。方法 采用siRNA和Tip60乙酰转移酶抑制剂漆树酸,抑制U2OS细胞中Tip60的表达或乙酰转移酶活性;用克隆形成率分析细胞对⁶⁰Co γ射线的敏感性;采用γ-H2AX原位免疫荧光集簇点法,检测DNA双链断裂损伤修复;用免疫共沉淀检测蛋白质的相互作用。结果 siRNA沉默Tip60表达明显提高了U2OS细胞对1、2 Gy中、低剂量γ射线的敏感性(t=3.364、3.979,P＜0.05),但对4 Gy大剂量照射的细胞存活率无明显影响。γ-H2AX集簇点检测结果表明,照射后1、4和8 h,Tip60失活导致细胞DNA双链断裂修复能力降低(t=3.875、3.183和3.175, P<0.05)。细胞在受到电离辐射损伤后,Tip60与DNA修复蛋白DNA-PKcs发生相互作用,漆树酸能抑制DNA-PKcs的T2609位点的磷酸化。结论 Tip60通过与DNA-PKcs相互作用,调控细胞DNA双链断裂修复机制,对细胞辐射敏感性产生影响。     

125I粒子组织间永久种植致大鼠坐骨神经早期损伤的病理学观察

目的 探讨¹²⁵I粒子持续性低剂量率照射下肿瘤细胞的凋亡和周期改变。方法 采用CL187人结肠癌细胞系体外培养,分为空白对照组、⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率照射组、¹²⁵I低剂量率照射组。单次高剂量率组以2 Gy/min给予细胞1、2、4、6、8和10 Gy的照射,低剂量率组以2.77cGy/h的初始剂量率给予相同剂量照射,照射后24 h根据肿瘤细胞死亡率和14 d克隆形成率评价不同照射方式对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果。同时,用放射性¹²⁵I粒子以2.77 cGy/h的剂量率,给予细胞2、5和10 Gy的照射,应用流式细胞术测量其凋亡和细胞周期的变化。结果 低剂量率组照射后细胞死亡率在1 Gy时低于⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率组,随着剂量的上升,2 Gy后,超过单次高剂量率组,但整体上¹²⁵I粒子照射后细胞死亡率高于⁶⁰Co组(P=0.011)。¹²⁵I持续性低剂量率照射组的克隆增殖率明显低于⁶⁰Co单次高剂量率组(P=0.0021)。低剂量率照射下,2 Gy时仅能引起G₂/M期阻滞和凋亡,5 Gy时达到峰值,10 Gy时细胞周期阻滞和凋亡的比率依然很高,但相对于5 Gy有所下降;同时G₂/M期阻滞和凋亡变化呈现出相同的趋势。结论 在相同剂量条件下,¹²⁵I粒子持续照射低剂量率照射比⁶⁰Co单次高剂量照射对CL187肿瘤细胞具有更强的杀伤效应;G₂/M期阻滞引起的凋亡是低剂量率照射杀伤肿瘤细胞的主要机制。     

125I粒子和60Co γ射线照射对A549及BEAS-2B细胞生物学效应的影响

目的 探讨¹²⁵I粒子和⁶⁰Co γ射线对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)A549细胞和正常支气管上皮BEAS-2B细胞生物学效应的影响。方法 A549、BEAS-2B细胞均行¹²⁵I粒子和⁶⁰Co γ射线不同剂量照射;集落形成实验检测细胞存活分数;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果 A549细胞在4、6、8 Gy照射时,¹²⁵I粒子组细胞克隆存活分数较⁶⁰Co组降低更明显(t=6.06、9.42、4.90,P<0.05)。A549细胞在4 Gy时,G₁期细胞比例¹²⁵I粒子组为70.67%±1.49%,⁶⁰Co组为59.59%±0.71%(t=10.77,P<0.05);细胞凋亡率¹²⁵I粒子组为18.09%±0.73%,⁶⁰Co组为9.81%±0.16%(t=19.40,P<0.05)。¹²⁵I粒子照射明显上调Bax、cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达,同时下调Bcl-2蛋白的表达。但不同射线同一剂量或相同射线不同剂量下,BEAS-2B细胞的凋亡率及凋亡相关蛋白的表达无明显变化。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射较⁶⁰Co γ射线高剂量率照射抑制A549细胞增殖的效应更明显。Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比失衡,最终致Caspase-3蛋白的活化在¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的效应中可能发挥重要的作用。     

西妥昔单抗联合照射对结直肠癌CL187细胞的抑制作用及机制探讨

目的 研究西妥昔单抗(C225)联合外照射对结直肠癌CL187细胞生物学效应的影响,并探讨相关分子机制。方法 结直肠癌CL187细胞分单纯照射组和C225处理的联合照射组,受6 MV X 射线照射0、4和8 Gy后24和48 h,用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法测吸光度(A)值,比较两组细胞死亡率的差异。利用克隆形成实验比较两组细胞增殖能力的差异。采用流式细胞仪,检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡。蛋白免疫印迹法分析两组细胞DNA-PKcs、Ku70和Ku80蛋白表达量的变化。结果 联合照射组较单纯照射组死亡细胞比例增加(t=-6.14、-6.53,P<0.05),细胞克隆形成能力下降。C225增强了射线对细胞的杀伤作用,放射增敏比SER为1.38。联合照射组G₀/G₁期细胞阻滞增加(t=-4.64, P<0.05),细胞凋亡比例增加(t=-9.16, P<0.05),DNA修复相关蛋白DNA-PKcs、Ku70和Ku80蛋白表达量减少。结论 西妥昔单抗增强照射对结直肠癌CL187细胞的杀伤作用,可能是通过影响细胞周期、细胞凋亡和DNA损伤修复基因实现的。     

125I粒子持续低剂量率照射胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1相对生物效应的研究

目的 探讨国产6711型¹²⁵I粒子的相对生物效应,并对其照射杀伤PANC-1细胞的效果进行了初步探讨。方法 PANC-1细胞处于指数生长期时,行¹²⁵I粒子离体照射;在初始剂量率为2.59 cGy/h时,分别给予1、2、4、6、8和10 Gy照射。⁶⁰Co照射作为对照组,吸收剂量率为2.21 Gy/min,给予相同剂量照射。用锥虫蓝染色法检测细胞死亡比率,并比较在4 Gy照射后培养12、24、48和72 h细胞死亡率随时间变化。采用克隆形成实验,计算细胞克隆形成率,绘制生存曲线,得出生物学参数,并测定¹²⁵I粒子与⁶⁰Co的相对生物效应。结果 在相同剂量照射下,¹²⁵I持续低剂量率照射与⁶⁰Co照射相比,当≥4 Gy时,细胞死亡率明显增高。在4 Gy照射后,随着时间延长细胞死亡率增高,两者相比有明显差异。从生存曲线分析,¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射细胞存活分数比60Co低,¹²⁵I粒子相对于⁶⁰Co的生物效应为1.45。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子持续低剂量率照射与⁶⁰Co高剂量率照射相比,细胞杀伤效应更强;测定的相对生物效应与其他研究者测量的结果相似;将为临床¹²⁵I粒子治疗肿瘤提供一定的参考价值。     

重离子与X射线照射肺癌细胞A549的生物学效应比较

目的 比较碳重离子与X射线对肺癌细胞的生物学效应。方法 对A549细胞分别进行碳重离子和X射线照射,通过克隆形成实验检测照射后细胞存活情况;流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布;通过Hoechst 33258荧光染料对照射后固定的细胞进行染色,计算凋亡率;采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测照射后48 h细胞内DNA依赖性蛋白激酶催化亚单位（DNA-PKcs）和H2AX的mRNA表达水平。结果 细胞存活曲线显示,碳重离子造成的细胞存活分数远低于X射线,并将细胞周期阻滞于G₂/M期（t=4.77、14.53、14.54,P<0.05）,导致大部分细胞进入凋亡途径。碳重离子与X射线辐照后DNA-PKcs的表达上调（t=10.91、5.05,P<0.05）。结论 碳重离子照射对肺癌细胞造成生物学效应远高于X射线。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.