延长和缩窄后尿道治疗女性压力性尿失禁(附12例报告)

目的 提高女性压力性尿失禁的手术疗效。方法 压力性尿失禁患者12例，根据Lap1ace定律，参考Campbell—Young手术方法，行后尿道及膀胱前壁切开，后尿道、膀胱颈及三角区裁剪宽约1．5cm壁瓣，缝合成管状，延长和缩窄后尿道。结果 术后平均随访8．8年，11例完全控制排尿，无剩余尿，远、近期效果一致；1例于用力增加腹压时，有极少量尿溢出。结论 延长和缩窄后尿道法治疗女性压力性尿失禁简单、有效、安全。     

女性尿道及括约肌重建术二例报告

我们应用重建尿道与重建横纹括约肌术治疗女性尿道缺如患者 2例 ,疗效良好。现报告如下。例 1,2 9岁。因咳嗽、跑步时尿失禁2 0年 ,于 2 0 0 0年 3月在外院诊断为压力性尿失禁行阴道前壁修补、膀胱颈悬吊术 ,术后呈现完全性尿失禁。查体 :完全性尿道下裂、膀胱颈开口于阴道。行阴道黏膜瓣尿道成形术。手术方法 :12F双腔尿管置入膀胱 ,于阴道前壁中线相距 2cm作平行切口 ,近端绕过膀胱瘘口 ,远端达阴蒂下 1cm ,形成长 4cm尿道瓣。将瓣的创缘向中线靠拢围绕导尿管 ,用 5 0可吸收缝线缝合成尿道 (图1) ,同时缩窄膀胱颈 ,用Foley导尿管量取新…     

女性原发性尿道癌的手术治疗（附11例报告）

对１１例女性原发性尿道癌采用全尿道切除光壁瓣原位尿道建术进行治疗，以得满意效果，经随访，术后无尿道口坏死退缩及狭窄，文中介绍了手术的方法与技巧，并就女性原发性尿道癌的病因，影响预后的因素及术式的选择等进行了讨论，认为采用全尿道切除膀胱壁瓣原位尿道重建术，能彻底切队原发病灶，术后排尿自如，是女性原发性尿道癌，特别是临床上未发现转移者理想的手术方法。     

女性尿道综合征经尿道膀胱颈部电切手术治疗探讨

目的 探讨手术治疗在女性尿道综合征治疗中的临床意义.方法 经尿道膀胱颈部电切术加尿道外口成形术,治疗严重女性尿道综合征患者46例.结果 其中45例患者术后随访11个月～2.5年,40例症状完全消失,4例症状改善,1例症状改善不明显.结论 经尿道膀胱颈部电切术加尿道外口成形术,治疗女性尿道综合征效果明显.     

女性尿道原发性恶性黑色素瘤3例报告

目的：探讨女性尿道原发性恶性黑色素瘤的临床特征及治疗手段。方法：对3例女性原发性尿道恶性黑色素瘤进行临床病理分析及随访观察。结果：3例均以尿道外口包块就诊。2例因术前诊断不清，仅局部切除，其中1例术后半年死于肿瘤复发。1例正在随访中；1例行全尿道切除，双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫及永久性膀胱造瘘。结论：女性尿道原发性恶性黑色素瘤恶性度高，临床易误诊，早期确诊的主要依据是病理学检查，及时规范手术是提高患者生存率的主要手段。     

排尿期尿道超声显像在男性尿道疾病诊断中的应用

目的探讨排尿期尿道超声显像在男性尿道疾病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对58例尿道疾病患者及8例正常尿道行排尿期尿道的经会阴及经阴茎超声检查。其中膀胱颈口尿道梗阻8例，良性前列腺增生（BPH）致尿道梗阻16例，急性尿道炎19例，慢性尿道炎7例、合并狭窄2例，尿道外伤性狭窄2例，尿道瘘2例，假性尿道、尿道炎性息肉、尿道尖锐湿疣和尿道癌各1例。结果排尿期尿道超声显像可动态观察膀胱颈口开放及后尿道顺应性扩张情况，膀胱颈口梗阻及良性前列腺梗阻表现为随着膀胱底及基底部下降，尿道内口被挤压形成颈口狭窄，而其以下水平尿道扩张正常或降低，患者愈用力排尿，梗阻愈加重。对急慢性尿道炎可明确炎症部位、范围、程度、有无脓栓附着等，同时对尿道慢性炎性狭窄或外伤性狭窄以及假性尿道、尿道瘘、尿道赘生物及恶性肿瘤等显像良好。结论排尿期尿道超声检查为非侵入性检查、可重复性强，对尿道疾病的诊断及治疗效果评价具有重要的临床意义。     

介入尿道会师术治疗男性尿道断裂

目的:探讨用介入方法对尿道断裂的患者行急诊尿道会师治疗.方法对17例骨盆骨折和骑跨伤伴尿道断裂患者,采用经尿道外口送入超滑导丝,或经耻骨上膀胱穿刺置入导管鞘,自导管鞘逆入超滑导丝,送至尿道外口;不能通过者通过尿道外口送入抓捕器,将导丝自尿道外口抓出.沿导丝送入尿管,行尿道会师牵引术,通过随访1、3、6、12个月至3年.结果术后3～4周拔除导尿管,17例患者中5例患者出现尿道狭窄,术后3例使用尿道金属探子扩张,2例使用球囊扩张尿道,保留导尿管3～4周,随访1～3年患者均自行排尿通畅.结论介入尿道会师术,操作简便,创伤小,并发症少,可重复操作,康复快等优点.     

尿道套入法治疗外伤性后尿道狭窄20例报告

尿道套入法治疗外伤性后尿道狭窄２０例报告张圣杰卢金常潘永红自１９９２年１月至１９９６年２月，采用尿道套入法治疗外伤性后尿道狭窄２０例。报告如下。临床资料本组２０例，均为男性，年龄１８～５６岁，平均３５岁。病程６个月～２年。均有不同程度骨盆骨折，膀胱损...     

女童陈旧性尿道外伤的治疗

目的 提高女童陈旧性尿道外伤的疗效。方法 总结44例女童尿道外伤病例资料。其中陈旧性43例,尿道阴道瘘40例,阴道闭锁积脓2例,阴道结石1例,膀胱结石1例。28例带膀胱造瘘,15例为尿失禁。平均年龄8岁。手术分3类：尿道贯通7例,其中3例再经阴道修瘘;经阴道修瘘1例;经耻骨联合切除入路修复尿道及瘘35例。结果 40例随访6个月－16年,排尿正常29例,发生不全尿失禁11例。结论 除短段病例可用尿道贯通及大女孩阴道修瘘外,多需经耻骨入路、栽剪膀胱三角区瓣修复尿道狭窄及尿道阴道瘘。     

膀胱黏膜代尿道治疗复杂性尿道狭窄的临床观察

目的:探讨膀胱黏膜代尿道治疗复杂性尿道狭窄的临床疗效。方法:切除尿道瘢痕组织,应用膀胱黏膜替代尿道治疗复杂性尿道狭窄,并进行临床随访观察。结果:本组完成32例,30例一次成功,2例感染后再狭窄,再次用膀胱黏膜代尿道治疗后成功。26例随访1~10年均排尿通畅。结论:膀胱黏膜可作为较理想的尿道替代物,用膀胱黏膜替代尿道是治疗复杂性尿道狭窄较好的方法之一,疗效肯定。     

膀胱全切及双"拖入式"改良Bricker术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩和炎性尿道狭窄

目的探讨膀胱全切并双"拖入式"改良Bricker术治疗结核性膀胱挛缩和尿道狭窄的安全性及可行性。 方法回顾性分析2020年4月至2020年9月喀什地区第一人民医院诊治的4例结核性挛缩膀胱患者临床资料特征，总结该手术要点及步骤。4例男性患者（36~76岁），术前影像学及T-SPOT诊断为泌尿系结核，膀胱容量<40 ml，合并后尿道炎性狭窄。4例患者均施行挛缩膀胱切除并双"拖入式"改良Bricker术。术中取中下腹正中切口，先切除挛缩膀胱，术中膀胱颈部多点活检后最大限度保留膀胱颈口组织并封闭。双"拖入式"改良Bricker术步骤：游离输尿管并保护其血运，置入7 F尿流改道支架管并固定；距离回盲部20 cm以上，寻找血管分支适合的回肠段（15~18 cm），近端3-0可吸收线缝合封闭；直线切割闭合器回肠侧侧吻合；将取出的回肠段清洁；拖入右侧造口腹壁，回肠末端浆肌层与皮下组织缝合两次固定，形成自然乳头3 cm突出于皮肤；将输尿管"拖入式"错位植入回肠对侧系膜腔内。 结果手术时间131~178 min，术中出血为50~400 ml。术后5~7 d拔除尿流改道支架管，术后住院时间5~7 d，无严重并发症。术后随访3~8个月肾功能恢复良好，Bricker造口乳头满意。3例患者恢复正常性生活。 结论膀胱全切并双"拖入式"改良Bricker术可作为难治性结核性膀胱挛缩和尿道狭窄的手术选择方式，其远期安全性尚需进一步验证。     

微创经皮膀胱取石术治疗膀胱结石86例报告

目的 探讨微创经皮膀胱取石术治疗膀胱结石的可行性及相关疗效.方法 我院自2005年6月至2011年4月采用微创经皮膀胱取石术治疗膀胱结石86例.其中成人患者79例,小儿患者7例；男性患者83例,女性患者3例；年龄最大者88岁,最小者2岁.麻醉显效后患者取平卧位,耻骨上2 cm处穿刺入膀胱,建立经皮膀胱通道,留置工作鞘.经鞘置入输尿管镜,行气压弹道碎石,碎石片从鞘中钳取出或冲洗出.术毕缝合穿刺口皮肤,留置导尿.结果 86例手术均获成功,无残余结石,无膀胱穿孔及明显出血,术后排尿通畅,原有尿道狭窄患者无加重,也无新的尿道狭窄发生.结论 微创经皮膀胱取石术治疗膀胱结石具有创伤小、恢复快、清石率高、并发症少、安全及操作简单等优点,可有选择性的在临床开展.     

Severe epispadias: the Mitchell's technique

Epispadias associated or not to bladder extrophy is a congenital malformation with a difficult surgical correction. Mitchell published his technique in 1996, and it's based in the complete dissection of the uretheral band, ventral peneal skin and both corporas including their proximal insertion, that in next steps will be separated in all the length. These manoeuvres permit to: 1) Correct the dorsal incurvation; 2) Locate the urethra in a ventral position; 3) Locate the meatus at the tip of the penis with a vertical orientation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have performed these surgical procedure in 6 patients, 4 of them were epispadias (a 23 years old patient who had there surgical procedure, with persistent incurvation), the others two were associated with bladder extrophy, 3 had hormonal treatment previous surgery, due to a hypoplastic penis. In the two patients with bladder extrophy we used a labial mucosa graft sutured to the tubularized urethral plate to relocate the meatus at the tip of the penis. RESULTS: The esthetic results were good in all cases, 2 had a fistula that was corrected surgically.     

THE COLONIC NEOBLADDER: A STOMA-FREE BLADDER SUBSTITUTE AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY - PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN SIX PATIENTS

We have used a urethral colonic pouch for total bladder replacement in 6 bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy. The distal ileum, cecum, ascending colon and the right third of the transverse colon were isolated. The cecum and colon were opened along the tenia and a detubulized pouch was created. The ureters were sutured to the terminal ileum. The maximum pressure wave measured ranged–58 cmH₂O, and the amount of residual urine varied between 0 and 58 ml. All patients were completely continent during the day and slight incontinence at night was observed in 3. By amputating the right colonic artery, the pouch is easily moved to the urethral stump and serves as a low pressure neobladder after cystoprostatectomy.     

Effect of bladder management on urological complications in spinal cord injured patients

PURPOSE: The optimal method of bladder management in spinal cord injured patients remains controversial. We investigated the association of type of bladder management with urological complications in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, upper tract imaging and video urodynamics of 316 posttraumatic spinal cord injured patients. Mean followup plus or minus standard deviation since injury was 18.3+/-12.4 years. Patients were categorized according to bladder management method, including chronic urethral catheterization, clean intermittent catheterization, spontaneous voiding and suprapubic catheterization in 114, 92, 74 and 36, respectively. No significant differences in patient age at injury, followup interval, or level, completeness or mechanism of injury were noted among bladder management method groups. Infection, stone disease, urethral complications and radiographic abnormalities were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 398 complications recorded 236 developed in 61 (53.5%) patients on chronic urethral catheterization, 57 in 25 (27.2%) on clean intermittent catheterization, 57 in 24 (32.4%) who voided spontaneously and 48 in 16 (44.4%) on suprapubic catheterization. The intermittent catheterization group had statistically significant lower complication rates compared with the urethral catheterization group and no significantly higher complication rates relative to all other management methods for each type of complication studied. The percent of patients with complications was greater in the chronic urethral catheterization group only 5 years after injury, while the percent in all other management groups remained similar up to 15 years after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Clean intermittent catheterization is the safest bladder management method for spinal cord injured patients in terms of urological complications. Inappropriate selection of a bladder management method not only adversely affects patient quality of life, but also has a significant detrimental impact on the economic status of the health care system.     

Serosal lined extramural tunnel (Ghoneim) principle in the creation of a catheterizable channel in bladder augmentation

PURPOSE: The flap valve mechanism is often the preferred technique for creating a continent catheterizable channel in bladder reconstruction. The umbilicus is usually the preferred site for stomal placement. However, it is not always possible to bring the conduit to the umbilicus when creating the flap valve mechanism at the bladder level. To prevent this problem, we applied the Ghoneim technique to construct the flap valve mechanism during ileal bladder augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 patients (7 boys and 3 girls) 5 to 17 years old underwent ileocystoplasty in combination with an appendiceal Mitrofanoff procedure as a catheterizable channel. The U-shaped ileal segment was anastomosed to the bivalve native bladder, leaving redundant bowel on the right side. The musculomucosal edges of the redundant bowel were sutured together, forming the posterior wall of the tunnel. The appendix was positioned onto the musculomucosal suture line, and the proximal end was anastomosed to the reservoir with an advancement suture. The ileal segment was then imbricated over the appendix by interrupted silk sutures, forming a serosal lined extramural tunnel. The stoma was placed at the depth of the umbilicus. RESULTS: The underlying diagnoses included mylomeningocele (8) and posterior urethral valve (2). Mean followup time was 12.5 months (range 7 to 21). All patients were continent, and there were no stoma related complications such as stenosis or difficult catheterization. CONCLUSIONS: The Ghoneim technique creates an effective continence mechanism and allows the conduit to reach the umbilicus easily.     

Blind urethral catheterization in trauma patients suffering from lower urinary tract injuries

OBJECTIVES: The goals of our study were to review all cases of urethral and bladder trauma that presented to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center between January 1998 and August 2005 and determine (1) the clinical characteristics of patients with urethral and/or bladder injuries as well as the sensitivities of those clinical characteristics; (2) whether or not a blind attempt to insert a urethral catheter was performed; and (3) whether there is any evidence that a blind attempt to insert a urethral catheter worsened the initial urinary tract injury. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 46 patients with a mean age of 30 years, including 36 men (78.2%) and 10 women (21.8%). Bladder tears were found in 33 patients, 10 patients had urethral lacerations, and 3 patients had combined bladder and urethral lacerations. The most sensitive finding for urinary bladder or urethral injury was the presence of gross hematuria in the urethral catheter (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.89). Blinded insertion of a urethral catheter was attempted in 30 (90.9%, 95% CI 0.75-0.98) patients who suffered from urinary bladder injury, 6 (50%, 95% CI 0.26-0.87) patients who suffered from urethral injury and 1 (33%, 95% CI 0.0-0.9) patient who suffered from a combined urinary bladder and urethral injuries. We did not find evidence that a blind attempt to insert a urethral catheter worsened the initial urinary injury. CONCLUSION: Gross hematuria in the urethral catheter was the most sensitive sign for the presence of a urethral or urinary bladder injury in our study cohort, and often the only sign of such an injury. We found no evidence that a blind attempt to insert a urethral catheter in patients suffering from urethral and or urinary bladder injuries worsened the initial injury. Larger studies will be needed to determine the safety of blind urethral catheterization in patients that are suspected to suffer from a lower urological trauma. It is our opinion that the current guidelines should be revised to better reflect the current knowledge, technologies, and clinical practice.     

Pelvic fracture urethral injuries in girls

PURPOSE: Injuries to the female urethra associated with pelvic fracture are uncommon. They may vary from urethral contusion to partial or circumferential rupture. When disruption has occurred at the level of the proximal urethra, it is usually complete and often associated with vaginal laceration. We retrospectively reviewed the records of a series of girls with pelvic fracture urethral stricture and present surgical treatment to restore urethral continuity and the outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1984 and 1997, 8 girls 4 to 16 years old (median age 9.6) with urethral injuries associated with pelvic fracture were treated at our institutions. Immediate therapy involved suprapubic cystostomy in 4 cases, urethral catheter alignment and simultaneous suprapubic cystostomy in 3, and primary suturing of the urethra, bladder neck and vagina in 1. Delayed 1-stage anastomotic repair was performed in 1 patient with urethral avulsion at the level of the bladder neck and in 5 with a proximal urethral distraction defect, while a neourethra was constructed from the anterior vaginal wall in a 2-stage procedure in 1 with mid urethral avulsion. Concomitant vaginal rupture in 7 cases was treated at delayed urethral reconstruction in 5 and by primary repair in 2. The surgical approach was retropubic in 3 cases, vaginal-retropubic in 1 and vaginal-transpubic in 4. Associated injuries included rectal injury in 3 girls and bladder neck laceration in 4. Overall postoperative followup was 6 months to 6.3 years (median 3 years). RESULTS: Urethral obliteration developed in all patients treated with suprapubic cystostomy and simultaneous urethral realignment. The stricture-free rate for 1-stage anastomotic repair and substitution urethroplasty was 100%. In 1 girl complete urinary incontinence developed, while another has mild stress incontinence. Retrospectively the 2 incontinent girls had had an associated bladder neck injury at the initial trauma. Two recurrent vaginal strictures were treated successfully with additional transpositions of lateral labial flaps. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes that combined vaginal-partial transpubic access is a reliable approach for resolving complex obliterative urethral strictures and associated urethrovaginal fistulas or severe bladder neck damage after traumatic pelvic fracture injury in female pediatric patients. Although our experience with the initial management of these injuries is limited, we advocate early cystostomy drainage and deferred surgical reconstruction when life threatening clinical conditions are present or extensive traumatized tissue in the affected area precludes immediate ideal surgical repair.     

The significance of the open bladder neck associated with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects.

PURPOSE: As a result of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects, urinary continence relies predominantly on intact bladder neck function. Hence, when cystoscopy and/or cystography reveals an open bladder neck before urethroplasty, the probability of postoperative urinary incontinence may be significant. Unresolved issues are the necessity, the timing and the type of bladder neck repair. We report the outcome of various therapeutic options in patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects and open bladder neck. We also attempt to identify prognostic factors of incontinence before urethroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 15 patients with a mean age of 30 years in whom an open bladder neck was identified before posterior urethroplasty between January 1981 and October 1997. RESULTS: Of the 15 patients 6 were continent and 8 were incontinent postoperatively. One patient underwent artificial urethral sphincter implantation simultaneously with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect repair and was dry postoperatively without sphincter activation. Average bladder neck and prostatic urethral opening on the cystourethrogram before urethroplasty was significantly longer in incontinent (1.68 cm.) than in continent (0.9 cm.) patients. Of the 8 patients who were incontinent 6 underwent bladder neck reconstruction, 1 artificial urinary sphincter and 1 periurethral collagen implant. Five patients with bladder neck reconstruction are totally continent and 1 requires 1 pad daily. The patient who underwent collagen implant requires 2 pads daily and the patient who received an artificial urethral sphincter has minor urge leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Open bladder neck before urethroplasty may herald postoperative incontinence which may be predicted by radiographic and cystoscopic features. Evaluation of the risk of postoperative incontinence may be valuable, and eventually guide the necessity and timing of anti-incontinence surgery, although our preference remains to manage the pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects and bladder neck problem sequentially. Bladder neck reconstruction provides good postoperative continence rates and is our technique of choice.