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1.
Suchada Sritippayawan Suthinee Treerojanapon Sompol Sanguanrungsirikul Jitladda Deerojanawong Nuanchan Prapphal 《Pediatric surgery international》2012,28(12):1183-1188
Purpose
To study lung function and exercise capacity in children following lung resection surgery.Methods
Children aged 6?C18?years who had lung resection surgery were studied and compared to normal children (age and sex matched). All had spirometry/body plethysmography and exercise stress test (performed by treadmill and modified Balke protocol).Results
13 Patients and 13 controls were studied (age 13.2?±?3.3?years; 46.2?% male). The age at the time of lung resection surgery was 6.5?±?4.7?years. The time interval between post-surgery and the tests was 6.8?±?4.4?years. The most common indication for lung resection surgery was congenital lung malformations (61.5?%). 76.9?% of the patients had abnormal lung function. Exercise intolerance due to pulmonary limitations was found in 23.1?% of the patients. At the anaerobic threshold, the $ V_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} /{\text{kg}} $ was not different between the patients and the controls. However, at the end of the exercise, the patients demonstrated lower peak $ V_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} /{\text{kg}} $ than the controls (33.6?±?6.0 vs. 39.3?±?8.7?ml/min/kg; p?<?0.01).Conclusions
Abnormal lung functions and exercise intolerance were found in children following lung resection surgery. Children who had lung resection surgery had lower exercise capacity than normal children if the exercise was beyond the anaerobic threshold. 相似文献2.
Objective
To evaluate the changes in the LV systolic and diastolic function in children with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) using pulsed wave tissue doppler (TD) echocardiography.Methods
Clinical, conventional echo doppler and pulsed wave tissue doppler imaging parameters were compared in 40 beta-thalassemia major patients (mean age, 6.52?±?3.5 y) and 25 age and sex matched normal subjects (mean age, 6.5?±?2.7 y).Results
There were no significant statistical differences between mean fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle (LV) of the patients and control group. Children with beta-thalassemia had significantly lower E′ wave velocities measured at the left ventricular septal annulus (8.1?±?3.3 vs. 13?±?2.5, P?<?0.001), lateral margin of the mitral annulus (9.1?±?5.4 vs. 13.3?±?2.5, P?<?0.001) and lateral margin of the tricuspid annulus (9.3?±?3.9 vs. 13.3?±?2.5, P?<?0.001) when compared to the control group. Furthermore children with beta-thalassemia had significantly lower E′/A′ wave ratio at the left ventricular septal annulus (0.76?±?0.34 vs. 1.36?±?0.23), lateral margin of the mitral annulus (0.83?±?0.17 vs. 1.28?±?0.22), and lateral margin of the tricuspid annulus ((0.90?±?0.27 vs. 1.26?±?0.23, (P?<?0.05) when compared to the control group.Conclusions
This study showed that patients with beta-thalassemia major and normal conventional echo doppler parameters had statistically significant changes detected by pulsed wave tissue doppler imaging. 相似文献3.
Yutaka Fukuda Nobuo Momoi Masaki Mitomo Yoshimichi Aoyagi Kisei Endo Ayumi Matsumoto Mitsuaki Hosoya 《Pediatric radiology》2010,40(12):1890-1894
Background
In children who have undergone a bidirectional Glenn procedure without antegrade or additional pulmonary blood flow, we have often noted a discrepancy between apparent lung perfusion on scintigraphy and superior vena cava angiography when evaluating right and left pulmonary blood flow. We found a tendency for radionuclide, tracer 99mTc-MAA, when administered through a single upper extremity vein, to preferentially accumulate in the ipsilateral lung.Objective
In the present study, we examined whether the ratio of right-to-left pulmonary flow varied when 99mTc-MAA was administered via either the right upper or the left upper extremity vein.Materials and methods
We studied six children (median age 1.3?±?0.23 years) who underwent a bidirectional Glenn before total cavopulmonary connection. Five children who underwent biventricular repair served as a control. Perfusion scintigraphy using 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) was performed in all children. First, we injected radionuclide via the right upper extremity and calculated the pulmonary accumulation in both lungs (R-image). Second, we injected the same dose of radionuclide via the left upper extremity and calculated the pulmonary accumulation (B-image), which represented the resulting administration via both upper extremities. The lung accumulation that resulted from radionuclide administration via the left upper extremity (L-image) was determined by subtracting the R-image from the B-image. We evaluated the right-to-total pulmonary blood flow ratio (radionuclide accumulation in right lung / radionuclide accumulation in both lungs) in the R-, L- and B-images.Results
The right-to-total pulmonary blood flow ratios in the R-, L- and B-images were 815?±?15.3%, 39.8?±?11.7% and 61.3?±?11.8%, respectively, and there were significant differences among the three images (P?<?0.01). On the other hand, in the control group, the right-to-total pulmonary blood flow ratios in the R-, L- and B-images were 59.3?±?22.4%, 57.8?±?26.4% and 58.8?±?23.7%, respectively, and there was no significant difference.Conclusion
In children with bidirectional Glenn circulation without antegrade or additional pulmonary blood flow, the venous blood of each arm tends to flow into the ipsilateral lung. The administration of radionuclide via both arms is important for accurate evaluation of lung perfusion scintigraphy in children who have undergone a bidirectional Glenn procedure. 相似文献4.
Julio Alejandro Rojas-Moscoso Edson Antunes Rebeca Rodrigues Figueira Frances Lilian Gonçalves Ana Leda Bertoncioni Simões Lourenço Sbragia 《Pediatric surgery international》2014,30(10):1031-1036
Purpose
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with pulmonary hypertension which is often difficult to manage, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we have used a rabbit model of CDH to evaluate the effects of BAY 60-2770 on the in vitro reactivity of left pulmonary artery.Methods
CDH was performed in New Zealand rabbit fetuses (n = 10 per group) and compared to controls. Measurements of body, total and left lung weights (BW, TLW, LLW) were done. Pulmonary artery rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (10 μM), after which cumulative concentration–response curves to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; NO donor), tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitor) and BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator) were obtained as well as the levels of NO (NO3/NO2).Results
LLW, TLW and LBR were decreased in CDH (p < 0.05). In left pulmonary artery, the potency (pEC50) for GTN was markedly lower in CDH (8.25 ± 0.02 versus 9.27 ± 0.03; p < 0.01). In contrast, the potency for BAY 60-2770 was markedly greater in CDH (11.7 ± 0.03 versus 10.5 ± 0.06; p < 0.01). The NO2/NO3 levels were 62 % higher in CDH (p < 0.05).Conclusion
BAY 60-2770 exhibits a greater potency to relax the pulmonary artery in CDH, indicating a potential use for pulmonary hypertension in this disease. 相似文献5.
Razieh Fallah Mohammad Saleh Divanizadeh Mehran Karimi Mehrdad Mirouliaei Ali Shamszadeh 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2013,80(11):920-924
Objective
To compare efficacy and safety of topiramate (TPM) and propranolol for migraine prophylaxis in children.Methods
In a parallel single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 5–15 y-old referred migraineurs to Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Medical Sciences University, Yazd, Iran from May through October 2011, were evaluated. Patients were distributed into two groups, 50 of whom were treated with 3 mg/kg/d of topiramate (TPM) and another group of 50, were treated with 1 mg/kg of propranolol for 3 mo. Primary endpoints were efficacy in reduction of monthly frequency, severity, duration and headache related disability. Secondary outcome was clinical side effects.Results
Fifty two girls and 48 boys with mean age of 10.34?±?2.31 y were evaluated. Monthly frequency, severity and duration of headache decreased with TPM, from 13.88?±?8.4 to 4.13?±?2.26 attacks, from 6.32?±?1.93 to 2.8?±?2.12, and from 2.36?±?1.72 to 0.56?±?0.5 h, respectively. Monthly frequency, severity and duration of headache also decreased with propranolol from 16.2?±?6.74 to 8.8?±?4.55 attacks, from 6.1?±?1.54 to 4.8?±?1.6 and from 2.26?±?1.26 to 1.35?±?1.08 h, respectively. Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment score reduced from 31.88?±?9.72 to 9.26?±?7.21 with TPM and from 33.08?±?8.98 to 23.64?±?9.88 with propranolol. Transient mild side effects were seen in 18 % of TPM and in 10 % of propranolol (P?=?0.249) groups.Conclusions
Topiramate is more effective than propranolol for pediatric migraine prophylaxis. 相似文献6.
Goo HW 《Pediatric radiology》2011,41(7):839-847
Background
A practical body-size adaptive protocol providing uniform image noise at various kV levels is not available for pediatric CT.Objective
To develop a practical contrast-enhanced pediatric chest CT protocol providing uniform image noise by using an individualized volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) determined by the cross-sectional area and density of the body at variable kV levels and with combined tube current modulation.Materials and methods
A total of 137 patients (mean age, 7.6?years) underwent contrast-enhanced pediatric chest CT based on body weight. From the CTDIvol, image noise, and area and mean density of the cross-section at the lung base in the weight-based group, the best fit equation was estimated with a very high correlation coefficient (??2?=?0.86, P?0.001). For the next study, 177 patients (mean age, 7.9?years; the CTDIvol group) underwent contrast-enhanced pediatric chest CT with the CTDIvol determined individually by the best fit equation. CTDIvol values on the dose report after CT scanning, noise differences from the target noise, areas, and mean densities were compared between these two groups.Results
The CTDIvol values (mean±standard deviation, 1.6?±?0.7?mGy) and the noise differences from the target noise (1.1?±?0.9?HU) of the CTDIvol group were significantly lower than those of the weight-based group (2.0?±?1.0?mGy, 1.8?±?1.4?HU) (P?0.001). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in area (317.0?±?136.8 cm2 vs. 326.3?±?124.8 cm2), mean density (?212.9?±?53.1?HU vs. ?221.1?±?56.3?HU), and image noise (13.8?±?2.3 vs. 13.6?±?1.7?HU) between the weight-based and the CTDIvol groups (P?>?0.05).Conclusion
Contrast-enhanced pediatric chest CT with the CTDIvol determined individually by the cross-sectional area and density of the body provides more uniform noise and better dose adaptation to body habitus than does weight-based CT at variable kV levels and with combined tube current modulation. 相似文献7.
T Okazaki K Nishimura H Koga G Miyano M Okawada H Shoji T Shimizu S Makino S Takeda E Inada GJ Lane A Yamataka 《Pediatric surgery international》2012,28(9):883-886
Purpose
We reviewed 24 consecutive cases of prenatally or immediately postnatally diagnosed left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) to evaluate pulmonary artery (PA) size as an indication for thoracoscopic repair (TR).Methods
CDH repair is planned once echocardiography confirms improvement in pulmonary hypertension. TR is chosen if cardiopulmonary status is stable more than 10?min in the decubitus position in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) under conventional mechanical or high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with/without nitric oxide (NO) and the patient appears likely to tolerate manual ventilation during transfer to the operating room. Otherwise open repair (OR) is performed in NICU. Proximal right PA (RPA) and left PA (LPA) diameters measured at birth were assessed with respect to the type of repair.Results
10/24 had TR and 14/24 had OR. TR cases had significantly larger RPA/LPA diameters (3.52?±?0.23 vs. 3.10?±?0.56?mm, p?0.05 for RPA; 3.04?±?0.26 vs. 2.48?±?0.37, p?0.01 for LPA), and significantly less requirement for HFOV (70 vs. 100?%, p?0.05) and NO (20 vs. 86?%, p?0.01). Four TR required conversion to OR for technical reasons (n?=?3) and cardiopulmonary instability (n?=?1).Conclusions
TR can be considered when RPA/LPA diameters are larger than 3.0/2.5?mm, respectively, and cardiopulmonary status is stable without NO. 相似文献8.
Jagdish Kumar Amit Upadhyay Ajeet Kumar Dwivedi Sunil Gothwal Vijay Jaiswal Sunny Aggarwal 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2013,80(6):465-469
Objective
To study the effect of oil massage on growth in preterm babies less than 1800 g.Methods
This randomised controlled trial was conducted in Neonatal intensive care unit of a level II hospital. Neonates with birth weight?<?1800 g, gestation?<?35 wk and?<?48 h of age at enrolment were included in the studies. Eligible neonates were randomized to one of the two groups (a) Oil massage along with standard care of low birth weight (b) Standard care of low birth weight without massage. Weight, length and head circumference was measured in the two groups at 7 d intervals. Serum triglyceride levels were measured at enrolment and at completion of study. Primary outcome variable was weight gain at 28 d after enrolment.Results
A total of forty-eight neonates were randomisd to either oil massage group (n?=?25) or standard care of low birth weight without massage group (n?=?23). Mean (SD) weight of babies in the two groups was 1466.4?±?226.8 g in oil massage group and 1416.6?±?229.9 g in the control group. At 28 d, weight gain in the oil massage group (476.76?±?47.9 g) was higher compared to the control group (334.96?±?46.4 g) (p?<?0.05). At 7 d, less weight loss (7.80?±?9.8 g) was observed in babies in oil massage group compared to control group (21.52?±?19.4 g) (p?=?0.003). However, there was no significant difference in serum triglycerides and other anthropometric parameters.Conclusions
Oil application has a potential to improve weight gain and cause less weight loss in first 7 d in low birth weight neonates 相似文献9.
Shuchismita Behera Sujata Dixit Gandham Bulliyya Shantanu Kumar Kar 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2014,81(3):270-274
Objective
To assess the antioxidant vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) levels, iron status and growth retardation in children with β-thalassemia major in Odisha, an eastern state of India.Methods
Forty three children aged 1–15 y diagnosed with β-thalassemia major (28 males and 15 females) and 42 age-matched healthy controls (22 males and 20 females) were studied. β-thalassemia was detected by using Bio-rad variant assay. Measurement of blood hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, serum vitamins (A and E) and ferritin was carried out by standard methods.Results
Mean hemoglobin (6.60?±?1.84 vs. 11.8?±?2.29 g/dL, p?<?0.01), serum retinol (28.0?±?17.67 vs. 54.4?±?36.56 μg/dL, p?<?0.001) and α-tocopherol (0.2?±?0.34 vs. 1.1?±?0.82 mg/dL, p?<?0.001) were significantly lower in children with thalassemia compared with control group, however, serum ferritin (storage iron) was elevated in thalassemia patients (553.7?±?176.80 vs. 57.3?±?40.73 ng/mL, p?<?0.001). Vitamin E had significantly correlated with hemoglobin and hematocrit values in the patients. Growth retardation in terms of stunting (79 % vs. 24 %, p?<?0.0001) and thinness (32.6 % vs. 9.5 %, p?<?0.05) was significantly higher in thalassemic children compared with normal children.Conclusions
This study shows that children with β-thalas-semia major are in a state of oxidative stress of hyperfer-ritinemia with deprived antioxidant vitamins (A and E) and poor growth status suggesting a possible need for reduction in iron overload and additional antioxidant supplementation. 相似文献10.
Objective
To determine outcome of children receiving carvedilol in addition to other standard drug therapy for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods
Children receiving carvedilol for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy with moderate to severe ventricular dysfunction were included into the study. Data on history, clinical examination and investigations were obtained and detailed echocardiography findings were recorded for the initial and all subsequent visits.Results
Thirty-three children, mean age 26?±?30 mo (range 7 mo to 138 mo) were enrolled. Carvedilol was initiated at a mean dose of 0.14?±?0.03 mg/kg/d and the maintenance dose was 0.46?±?0.14 mg/kg/d. At a follow up of 6–90 mo (mean of 28?±?23 mo), functional class using Ross classification for pediatric heart failure improved from 2.7 to 1.3. The left ventricular ejection fraction rose from a basal value of 22 %?±?7 % (10–40 %) to 42 %?±?15 % (15–65 %) (p?<?0.0001). Similarly, left ventricular fractional shortening increased significantly from 16?±?6 % (8–34 %) to 21?±?7 % (10–44 %) (p?<?0.0001). One patient deteriorated and died of refractory heart failure. Carvedilol was discontinued in two more patients temporarily due to bronchospasm during respiratory infection.Conclusions
The present study suggests that improvement in ventricular function and clinical symptoms is seen on oral carvedilol added to standard drug therapy in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and moderate to severe ventricular dysfunction. The drug is well tolerated with minimal side effects but close monitoring is required as it may worsen heart failure and bronchospasm. 相似文献11.
Objective
To compare the efficacy of ferrous ascorbate and colloidal iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children.Methods
Eighty one children, aged 6 mo to 12 y, were screened for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and those diagnosed with IDA were randomized to receive ferrous ascorbate or colloidal iron for a period of 12 wk, such that each child received elemental iron 3 mg/kg body weight/d. Increase in hemoglobin (Hb) level was the primary outcome measure. Assessment was performed at baseline, wk 4, wk 8 and wk 12.Results
Of 81 children screened, 73 were included in the study. The mean rise in Hb at the end of the 12 wk was significantly higher in ferrous ascorbate group than the colloidal iron group [3.59?±?1.67 g/dl vs. 2.43?±?1.73 g/dl; P?<?0.01]. Significantly higher proportion of children receiving ferrous ascorbate (64.86 % vs. 31.03 %; P?<?0.01) became non-anemic in comparison to colloidal iron.Conclusions
Ferrous ascorbate provides a significantly higher rise in hemoglobin levels in comparison to colloidal iron. The study supports the use of ferrous ascorbate in the pediatric age group, providing evidence for its role as an efficient oral iron supplement in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. 相似文献12.
Cece H Yetisgin A Abuhandan M Yildiz S Calik M Karakas O Karakas E Iscan A 《Pediatric radiology》2012,42(6):679-684
Background
Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death in children with cerebral palsy.Objective
To evaluate sonographic carotid intima-media thickness, an early marker of atherosclerosis, in children with cerebral palsy and in healthy controls.Materials and methods
One hundred children with cerebral palsy (65 boys), mean age 6.2 (SD, 2.1) years, and 35 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured sonographically. Differences between patients and controls were evaluated with an independent samples t-test.Results
Age, sex distribution and levels of serum lipids were comparable between patients and controls. Average, right and left carotid artery intima-media were thicker in patients compared with controls (mean ± SD, 0.61?±?0.13 mm vs 0.40?±?0.03 mm; 0.61?±?0.14 mm vs 0.40?±?0.03 mm; 0.61?±?0.13 mm vs 0.40?±?0.03 mm, respectively; all P?0.001).Conclusion
Carotid intima-media is sonographically thicker in children with cerebral palsy compared with healthy controls, which may express an increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases. 相似文献13.
Does Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population in Umbilical Cord Blood Vary at Different Gestational Periods?
Ashish Jain Nitin Mathur M. Jeevashankar Asok Mukhopadhyay Ramesh Agarwal A. K Deorari V. K Paul 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2013,80(5):375-379
Objective
To identify and quantitatively determine Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the umbilical cord blood (UCB) of neonates born at different gestational periods.Methods
UCB was collected at birth in neonates of three different gestational groups. The mononuclear cells (MNCs) were phenotypically analyzed by flow cytometer.Results
The yield of total MNCs did not differ much with gestation; the average values were 22.6?±?6.48?×?106 cells/ml. The MSCs were significantly higher in the lower gestation group. These were 0.0219?±?0.012 %, 0.0044?±?0.003 % and 0.0022?±?0.003 % in 28 to 31 wk, 32 to 35 wk and >36 wk, respectively (P?=?0.00). There was a significant inverse correlation between the gestational age and the presence of MSCs with a correlation co-efficient of ?0.54 (P?=?0.0001).Conclusions
The MSCs population was significantly higher in infants born at lesser gestation than those born at term gestation. 相似文献14.
Natacha Teissier Thierry Van Den Abbeele Guy Sebag Monique Elmaleh-Berges 《Pediatric radiology》2010,40(3):275-283
Background
Radiological investigation is frequently undertaken to assess the aetiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).Objective
To establish the CT measurements of the normal cochlea in children and to determine radiological criteria correlated with SNHL.Materials and methods
A retrospective study of temporal bone CT performed in 159 children, age range from 3 days to 16 years between February 1999 and July 2004. A control group (n?=?88) comprised children without SNHL; the SNHL group comprised 71 children. The width of the second turn of the cochlea (CW), the cochlear height (CH), and the width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve (WCN) were measured on a reference plane containing the modiolus, the posterior semicircular canal, the footplate, and the stapes arch.Results
Width of the canal measurements ≤1.7 mm or ≥2.5 mm supported the diagnosis of SNHL with a specificity of 97% and 91%, respectively. Cochlear width was found to be significantly smaller in the SNHL group (5.61?±?0.51 mm) than in the control group (5.75?±?0.31 mm, P?<?0.02), a size <5.4 mm being highly suggestive of SNHL with a specificity of 90%. No significant variations of all measurements were found with age.Conclusion
Appropriate measurements of WCN and CW are highly correlated with SNHL. 相似文献15.
Hamid Amoozgar Monirosadat Barekati Nahal Farhani Narjes Pishva 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2014,81(3):238-242
Objectives
To evaluate the cardiac conduction system using P wave dispersion on electrocardiogram and its relationship with the short term mortality and development of arrhythmia in asphyxiated neonates.Methods
Thirty term babies with evidence of asphyxia and without any congenital abnormalities were consecutively evaluated as cases. They were compared with thirty healthy term babies without asphyxia. Twelve-lead surface electrocardiography was obtained from all the patients and the controls, and P wave dispersion was calculated according to its definition as the difference between P maximum duration and P minimum duration in 12-lead electrocardiogram.Results
A statically significant difference of P wave dispersion was observed between the patients and the control group (0.027?±?0.011 mm/s and 0.016?±?0.006 mm/s, respectively; P value?=?0.0001). The P wave dispersion had a statistically significant correlation with the grade of asphyxia (P?=?0.004, r?=?0.62), the P wave dispersion had no statistically significant correlation with Apgar scores, short term arrhythmia, and troponin I level in asphyxiated neonates (P?<?0.05).Conclusions
The P wave dispersion increased in asphyxiated neonates and correlated with grade of asphyxia; however, the increased P wave dispersion was not correlated with the short term mortality, arrhythmia and troponin I level of the asphyxiated neonates. 相似文献16.
Tilo Niemann Simon Henry Alain Duhamel Jean-Baptiste Faivre Antoine Deschildre Lucie Colas Teresa Santangelo Jacques Remy Martine Remy-Jardin 《Pediatric radiology》2014,44(11):1347-1357
Background
Before introducing 70-kVp settings in the low-kilovoltage strategies for pediatric examinations, it was mandatory to demonstrate, at similar dose levels, an equivalence of image quality at 70 kVp and 80 kVp.Objective
To assess image quality of chest CT examinations acquired at 70 kVp in comparison with standard scanning at 80 kVp.Materials and methods
We prospectively evaluated 129 children with a 70-kVp scanning protocol (group 1). All scanning parameters were kept similar to those usually selected for pediatric standard 80-kVp protocols, except the milliamperage increased by a factor of 1.6 to maintain comparable radiation dose. Image quality of group 1 examinations was compared to that of a paired population scanned at 80 kVp (group 2). The noninferiority hypothesis was fixed at 10% of the mean level of image noise.Results
There was no significant difference in the mean dose length product (DLP) and the volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) between the groups (DLP: 20.5?±?5.8 mGy.cm [group 1] vs. 19.7?±?7.6 mGy.cm [group 2]; P?=?0.06) (CTDIvol: 0.8?±?0.1 mGy [group 1] vs. 0.8?±?0.18 mGy [group 2]; P?=?0.94). The mean of differences in image noise between group 1 and group 2 examinations was ?1.38 (?2.59; ?0.18), verifying the noninferiority hypothesis. Subjective image quality did not significantly differ between group 1 and group 2 examinations (P?=?0.18).Conclusion
At equivalent radiation dose levels, 70-kVp protocols provide similar image quality to that achievable at 80 kVp. 相似文献17.
Gianluca Lista Francesca Castoldi Silvia Bianchi Enrica Lupo Francesco Cavigioli Andrea Farolfi Chiara Bersanini Emiliana Ferrerio 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2014,81(3):275-278
Objective
To investigate respiratory health and lung function in school-aged children without broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD), who were very low birth weight (VLBWi) and randomized at birth to high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) or volume guarantee (VG) ventilation for severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods
In this observational study, 7-y-old ex-preterm infants with severe RDS, randomly assigned at birth to receive assisted/control ventilation?+?VG (Vt?=?5 mL/kg, PEEP?=?5 cmH2O)(VG group; mean GA 27?±?2 wk; mean BW 1086?±?158 g) or HFOV (HFOV group; mean GA: 27?±?2; mean BW: 1090?±?139 g) (both groups were ventilated with Drager Babylog 8000 plus) were recalled. Neonatal clinical data and outcome were known. Actual outcomes were investigated with an interview; lung function was measured by whole-body plethysmography.Results
Twenty five children were studied (VG group, n?=?13 vs. HFOV group, n?=?12). There were no differences in anthropometric data, drugs (steroids/bronchodilators and antibiotics) or hospital readmission for respiratory disorders. Compliance to the test was adequate. The authors found a similar obstructive deficit (elevated values: airway resistance (RAW), residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC) with near-normal spirometry) in both groups suggesting a persistent airflow limitation even in absence of BPD.Conclusions
VLBW infants even in absence of BPD, need long term respiratory follow-up, because they frequently show an impairment of lung function, independent from initial respiratory support, even if at birth the choice is a lung protective approach (e.g., HFOV or VG ventilation). 相似文献18.
Johannes Boos Patric Kröpil Dirk Klee Philipp Heusch Lars Schimmöller Jörg Schaper Gerald Antoch Rotem S. Lanzman 《Pediatric radiology》2014,44(9):1065-1069
Background
Organ-specific dose reduction significantly reduces the radiation exposure of radiosensitive organs.Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a novel organ-specific dose reduction algorithm on image quality of pediatric chest CT.Materials and methods
We included 28 children (mean age 10.9?±?4.8 years, range 3–18 years) who had contrast-enhanced chest CT on a 128-row scanner. CT was performed at 100 kV using automated tube current modulation and a novel organ-specific dose-reduction algorithm (XCare?; Siemens, Forchheim, Germany). Seven children had a previous chest CT performed on a 64-row scanner at 100 kV without organ-specific dose reduction. Subjective image quality was assessed using a five-point scale (1-not diagnostic; 5-excellent). Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were assessed in the descending aorta.Results
Overall mean subjective image quality was 4.1?±?0.6. In the subgroup of the seven children examined both with and without organ-specific dose reduction, subjective image quality was comparable (score 4.4?±?0.5 with organ-specific dose reduction vs. 4.4?±?0.7 without it; P?>?0.05). There was no significant difference in mean signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio with organ-specific dose reduction (38.3?±?10.1 and 28.5?±?8.7, respectively) and without the reduction (35.5?±?8.5 and 26.5?±?7.8, respectively) (P?>?0.05). Volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and size-specific dose estimates did not differ significantly between acquisitions with the organ-specific dose reduction (1.7?±?0.8 mGy) and without the reduction (1.7?±?0.8 mGy) (P?>?0.05).Conclusion
Organ-specific dose reduction does not have an impact on image quality of pediatric chest CT and can therefore be used in clinical practice to reduce radiation dose of radiosensitive organs such as breast and thyroid gland. 相似文献19.
Ozge Aydemir Emel Soysaldı Yusuf Kale Sumru Kavurt Ahmet Yagmur Bas Nihal Demirel 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2014,81(8):751-754
Objective
To determine changes in body temperature (BT) of hyperbilirubinemic newborns under conventional phototherapy with fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes (LED) at different irradiances.Methods
Otherwise healthy newborn infants >34 wk gestational age (GA) hospitalized for indirect hyperbilirubinemia, requiring phototherapy in the first 10 d of life were enroled. Infants who received conventional phototherapy with fluorescent lamps (10–15 μW/cm2/nm irradiance) were defined as group 1, LED phototherapy of 26–60 μW/cm2/nm irradiance as group 2, and LED phototherapy of 60–120 μW/cm2/nm irradiance as group 3. Primary outcome measure was mean BT which was defined as arithmetical mean of axillary BT measured at 2 h intervals during the first day of phototherapy.Results
Thirty patients were enroled in each group. Mean birth weight and GA of the total cohort was 2800?±?530 g and 36.6?±?2 wk, respectively. Baseline demographic variables and serum total bilirubin levels were similar among groups. Mean BT was 36.7?±?0.1 °C in group 1, 36.6?±?0.2 °C in group 2, 37.7?±?0.2 °C in group 3. Mean BT was higher in group 3 compared to group 1 (p?<?0.001) and group 2 (p?<?0.001). Group 1 and group 2 had similar mean BT measurements (p?=?0.09). During phototherapy all the patients in group 3 had at least one BT measurement ≥37.5 °C and 77 % had BT ≥38 °C. Only one patient in group 2 had BT?≥?37.5 °C which was also ≥38 °C. During phototherapy all BT measurements were <37.5 °C in group 1.Conclusions
LED phototherapy of ≥60 μW/cm2/nm intensity significantly increases BT in hyperbilirubinemic newborns. 相似文献20.
Abdullah Barış Akcan Fırat Kardelen Seyhan Erişir Oygucu Abdullah Kocabaş Deniz Özel Halide Akbaş Nihal Oygür 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2013,80(11):896-902